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UKtis position statement : UK Teratology Information Service (UK government Public Health Service): “There is strong evidence that smoking during pregnancy increases the chance of miscarriage, certain birth defects, premature birth and poor growth of the baby in the womb, which has been linked to health problems later in life. ...Many healthcare professionals believe that vaping exposes the baby to fewer toxic chemicals than smoking. Vaping may therefore be an option for pregnant women who cannot stop smoking using other nicotine replacement products [e.g., nicotine patches, gum, mouth spray, nasal spray and lozenges].”