Richardpruen: 1 revision imported

2022-01-01T18:32:39Z

1 revision imported

← Older revision	Revision as of 19:32, 1 January 2022
(No difference)

Wikipedia>Citation bot: Add: magazine, date. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Anas1712 | #UCB_webform 779/2200

2021-12-23T00:59:16Z

Add: magazine, date. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Anas1712 | #UCB_webform 779/2200

New page

{{short description|Bibliographic metadata embedding method}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2019|cs1-dates=y}}
'''ContextObjects in Spans''' ('''COinS''') is a method to embed bibliographic metadata in the [[HTML]] code of [[web page]]s. This allows [[bibliographic software]] to publish machine-readable bibliographic items and client reference management software to retrieve bibliographic metadata. The metadata can also be sent to an [[OpenURL]] resolver. This allows, for instance, searching for a copy of a book at a specific library.<ref>{{Cite journal | pages = 8–10 | last = Chudnov | first = Daniel | title = COinS for the Link Trail | journal = Library Journal | date = 14 July 2006 | url = http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6344742.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061022065455/http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6344742.html |archive-date=22 October 2006}}</ref>

== History ==
In the late 1990s [[OpenURL]] was created at [[Ghent University]] as framework to provide context-sensitive [[hyperlink|links]]. The OpenURL link server implementation called [[SFX (software)|SFX]] was sold to [[Ex Libris Group]] which marketed it to libraries, shaping the idea of a "link resolver". The OpenURL framework was later standardized as ANSI/NISO Z39.88 in 2004 (revised 2010).<ref name="Z39.88">{{cite book|url=http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/project/details.php?project_id=82|title=ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004(R2010) – The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services|year=2004|publisher=NISO.org|isbn=978-1-880124-61-1|access-date=15 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002222836/http://www.niso.org/apps/group_public/project/details.php?project_id=82|archive-date=2 October 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> A core part of OpenURL was the concept of "ContextObjects" as metadata to describe referenced resources.

In late 2004, Richard Cameron, the creator of [[CiteULike]], drew attention to the need for a standard way of embedding metadata in HTML pages.<ref name="gcs-pcs-list-1">{{cite web|url=http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2004-December/000004.html|title=Autodiscovery and embedding metadata|date=20 December 2004|website=gcs-pcs-list|access-date=20 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723232756/http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2004-December/000004.html|archive-date=23 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> In January 2005 Daniel Chudnov suggested the use of OpenURL.<ref name="gcs-pcs-list-2">{{cite web|url=http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2005-January/000010.html|title=sample inline openurl|date=6 January 2005|website=gcs-pcs-list|access-date=20 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723232802/http://old.onebiglibrary.net/yale/cipolo/gcs-pcs-list/2005-January/000010.html|archive-date=23 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref> Embedding OpenURL ContextObjects in HTML had been proposed before by Herbert Van de Sompel and Oren Beit-Arie<ref name="Van-de-Sompel">{{cite journal|last=Van de Sompel |first=Herbert |author2=Beit-Arie, Oren|date=July–August 2001|title=Generalizing the OpenURL Framework beyond References to Scholarly Works – The Bison-Futé Model|journal=D-Lib Magazine|volume=7|issue=7/8|issn=1082-9873|url=http://www.dlib.org/dlib/july01/vandesompel/07vandesompel.html|doi=10.1045/july2001-vandesompel|doi-access=free}}</ref> and a working paper by Chudnov and Jeremy Frumkin.<ref name=ChudnovFrumkin2004>{{cite web|author1=Daniel Chudnov and Jeremy Frumkin|title=Service Autodiscovery for Rapid Information Movement|url=http://curtis.med.yale.edu/dchud/writings/sa4rim.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041215034305/http://curtis.med.yale.edu/dchud/writings/sa4rim.html|archive-date=15 December 2004|date=10 December 2004}}</ref> Discussion of the latter on the GPS-PCS mailing list<ref>{{cite web|url=https://groups.google.com/group/gcs-pcs-list |title=GCS-PCS mailing list |access-date=7 June 2010}}</ref> resulted in a draft specification for embedding OpenURLs in HTML,<ref name="Hellman">{{cite web |url=http://ocoins.info/latent-class.html |title=Latent OpenURLs in HTML for Resource Autodiscovery, Localization and Personalization |editor=Hellman, Eric |type=draft |publisher=OCOinS.info |access-date=20 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118134722/http://ocoins.info/latent-class.html |archive-date=18 January 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> which later became COinS. A ContextObject is embedded in an HTML [[span and div|span]] element.

The adoption of COinS was pushed by various publications and implementations. The specification can now be found at OCOinS.info, which includes specific guides to implement COinS for journal articles and books.<ref name=ocoins-info>{{cite web|title=OpenURL COinS: A Convention to Embed Bibliographic Metadata in HTML|url=http://ocoins.info/|website=ocoins.info|access-date=24 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071820/http://ocoins.info/|archive-date=13 September 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Summary of the data model ==
From OpenURL 1.0 COinS borrows one of its serialization formats ("KEV") and some ContextObject metadata formats included in OpenURL implementation guidelines.<ref name="Apps">{{cite web|url=http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html#sect5_4|title=Z39.88-2004 KEV Implementation Guidelines|last=Apps|first=Ann|date=16 April 2003|publisher=MIMAS, The University of Manchester, UK|access-date=20 March 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120130531/http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html#sect5_4|archive-date=20 November 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> The ContextObject implementation guidelines of COinS include four publication types (article with several subtypes, book, patent, and generic) and a couple of simple fields. However the guidelines are not required part of COinS, so the standard does not provide a strict metadata model like [[Dublin Core]] or the [[Bibliographic Ontology]].

== Use in websites ==
The following websites make use of COinS:

*[[Citebase]]
*[[CiteULike]]
*[[Copac]]
*[[HubMed]]
*[[Mendeley]]<ref name="MendeleyCOinS">{{cite web | title=Mendeley Web now supports COinS | url=http://www.mendeley.com/blog/academic-features/mendeley-web-now-supports-coins/ | date=5 August 2009 |first=Jan |last=Reichelt| access-date=14 December 2013}}</ref>
*[[Wikipedia]]<ref name="WP:COinS">{{cite web |title=Wikipedia:COinS |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:COinS |website=Wikipedia |language=en |date=17 December 2019}}</ref>
*[[Wikivoyage]] (German branch)
*[[WorldCat]]

== Server-side applications ==
Some [[server-side]] applications embed COinS, including [[refbase]].

== Client tools ==
Client tools which can make use of COinS include:

* [[BibDesk]]
* [[Bookends (software)|Bookends (Mac)]]
* [[Citavi]]
* [[LibX]]
* [[Mendeley]]<ref name="MendeleyCOinS" />
* [[ResearchGate]]
* [[Sente (software)|Sente (Mac)]]
* [[Zotero]]

== See also ==
* [[unAPI]]
* [[Microformat]]
* [[RDFa]]
* [[info URI scheme]]
* [[HTML Microdata]]
* [[KBART]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite web |title=OpenURL COinS: A Convention to Embed Bibliographic Metadata in HTML |version=stable version 1.0 |url=http://ocoins.info/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913071820/http://ocoins.info/ |archive-date=13 September 2014}} [http://www.univie.ac.at/elib/index.php?title=COinS_Microfromat_Bibliographic_Metadata_for_Embedding_in_HTML (eLib.at Mirror)]
* {{cite web |url=http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&set=Core:Metadata+Formats |title=Registry for the OpenURL Framework - ANSI/NISO Z39.88-2004 |website=[[OCLC]] |access-date=27 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100430/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler?verb=ListRecords&metadataPrefix=oai_dc&set=Core:Metadata+Formats |archive-date=4 March 2016}}
* {{cite web |title=OpenURL Syntax Description |url=http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/docs/pdf/openurl-01.pdf |website=[[OCLC]] |access-date=6 November 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410225713/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/docs/pdf/openurl-01.pdf |archive-date=10 April 2018}}
* {{cite web |title=Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a journal publication |url=http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211105427/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal |archive-date=2007-02-11 |access-date=2021-06-17 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a book |url=http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070211105427/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook |archive-date=2007-02-11 |access-date=2021-06-17 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a patent |url=http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:patent |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317071414/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Apatent |archive-date=2008-03-17 |access-date=2021-06-17 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |title=Matrix defining the KEV Format to represent a dissertation |url=http://alcme.oclc.org:80/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080317071409/http://alcme.oclc.org/openurl/servlet/OAIHandler/extension?verb=GetMetadata&metadataPrefix=mtx&identifier=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation |archive-date=2008-03-17 |access-date=2021-06-17 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |url=http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html |title=Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines|date=June 2007}}
* {{cite web |url=http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines_Ap-200706.html |title=Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines, Appendices|date=June 2007}}
* {{cite web |url=http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines_Egs-200706.html |title=Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines, Examples|date=June 2007}}
* {{cite web |url=http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.pdf |title=Z39.88-2004: The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services The Key/Encoded-Value (KEV) Format Implementation Guidelines}}
* {{cite magazine |title=Rethinking Library Linking: Breathing New Life Into OpenURL |author-first1=Cindi |author-last1=Trainor |author-first2=Jason |author-last2=Price |publisher=American Library Association |date=October 2010 |edition=1st illustrated |volume=46 |number=7 |magazine=Library Technology Reports (LTR) - Expert Guides to Library Systems and Services |series=ALA TechSource |issn=0024-2586 |isbn=978-0-83895813-1 |id={{ISBN|0-83895813-3}} |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=flhDIrhMjIwC}} (38 pages)

== External links ==
* [http://microformats.org/wiki/citation Citation proposal] – for a [[microformat]] for the same purpose
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20181120130531/http://epub.mimas.ac.uk/openurl/KEV_Guidelines-200706.html KEV implementation guidelines]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180302163916/http://vlib.mpg.de/sfx-coins.html Using COinS from Max Planck virtual Library]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100626062405/http://www.oclc.org/productworks/coins.htm What are COinS?] – from [[Online Computer Library Center]]

[[Category:Library 2.0]]
[[Category:Internet architecture]]
[[Category:Microformats]]
[[Category:Metadata publishing]]

COinS - Revision history

Richardpruen: 1 revision imported

Wikipedia>Citation bot: Add: magazine, date. Removed parameters. Some additions/deletions were parameter name changes. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Anas1712 | #UCB_webform 779/2200