ENDS Adults Who Smoke - Revision history

Skip: /* 2024: Who would be affected by a ban on disposable vapes? A population study in Great Britain */

2025-12-25T07:50:30Z

2024: Who would be affected by a ban on disposable vapes? A population study in Great Britain

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:50, 25 December 2025
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	=== 2024: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350623005036 Who would be affected by a ban on disposable vapes? A population study in Great Britain] ===		=== 2024: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350623005036 Who would be affected by a ban on disposable vapes? A population study in Great Britain] ===
			*We used a nationally representative survey of ~70,000 adults in the general population in Great Britain (the Smoking Toolkit Study) to describe trends in disposable e-cigarette use since 2021, establish the number who would currently be affected by a ban on disposables, and assess their sociodemographic and smoking profile.
	* We used a nationally representative survey of ~70,000 adults in the general population in Great Britain (the Smoking Toolkit Study) to describe trends in disposable e-cigarette use since 2021, establish the number who would currently be affected by a ban on disposables, and assess their sociodemographic and smoking profile.		*Our data show that while disposable vapes are particularly popular among young adults, they are also used by a large number of current smokers and ex-smokers and by people from disadvantaged groups – including those with a history of mental health conditions and working in lower paid jobs.
	* Our data show that while disposable vapes are particularly popular among young adults, they are also used by a large number of current smokers and ex-smokers and by people from disadvantaged groups – including those with a history of mental health conditions and working in lower paid jobs.		*These findings suggest banning disposable vapes isn’t a straightforward solution to stop young people from vaping. It could also have unintended consequences for smokers, including discouraging people from using e-cigarettes to try to quit smoking or triggering relapse among those who have already used disposables to quit. It may also worsen health inequalities. We suggest these trade-offs should be carefully considered when making decisions around banning disposables.
	* These findings suggest banning disposable vapes isn’t a straightforward solution to stop young people from vaping. It could also have unintended consequences for smokers, including discouraging people from using e-cigarettes to try to quit smoking or triggering relapse among those who have already used disposables to quit. It may also worsen health inequalities. We suggest these trade-offs should be carefully considered when making decisions around banning disposables.
	* Sarah E. Jackson, Harry Tattan-Birch, Lion Shahab, Melissa Oldham, Dimitra Kale, Leonie Brose, Jamie Brown		* Sarah E. Jackson, Harry Tattan-Birch, Lion Shahab, Melissa Oldham, Dimitra Kale, Leonie Brose, Jamie Brown
	* Public Health https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.024 Received 26 October 2023, Revised 19 December 2023, Accepted 20 December 2023, Available online 24 January 2024.<br />		* Public Health https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.024 Received 26 October 2023, Revised 19 December 2023, Accepted 20 December 2023, Available online 24 January 2024.<br />

Skip: /* Older Adults */

2025-06-18T11:29:04Z

Older Adults

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:29, 18 June 2025
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	===2021: Paper: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2021/08/12/tobaccocontrol-2021-056945 Ignoring our elders: tobacco control’s forgotten health equity issue]===		===2021: Paper: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2021/08/12/tobaccocontrol-2021-056945 Ignoring our elders: tobacco control’s forgotten health equity issue]===
	*~~BMJ~~ Tobacco Control		*Those who suffer multiple forms of stigmatisation and feel devalued in society find it harder than higher status, socially valued individuals to change health behaviours, lacking resources and social encouragement to do so. The deprioritisation of older smokers is a symptom of institutionalised ageism, which must be addressed systematically to apply the tenets of health equity and inclusion in our work. Across all areas of tobacco control, we must do better by our elders.
			**Citation: McAfee T, Malone RE, Cataldo J, Ignoring our elders: tobacco control’s forgotten health equity issue. Tobacco Control 2021;30:479-480.

	===2019: Article: [https://filtermag.org/older-smokers-vaping/amp/ Older Smokers Are the Forgotten Victims of Our Vaping Wars]===		===2019: Article: [https://filtermag.org/older-smokers-vaping/amp/ Older Smokers Are the Forgotten Victims of Our Vaping Wars]===
	*Filter Magazine		*I’ve since discovered that older smokers, like all of us, have a lot to learn about smoking. Older people are more likely than younger smokers to think that the evidence about the harms of smoking has been exaggerated, and that smoking is something they can do little to change. They are also more likely to inaccurately believe that nicotine is the primary disease-causing ingredient in cigarettes, and that cigarettes without nicotine are safer than those with nicotine.
			**Source: Annie Kleykamp, ''Filter Magazine''

	===2018: Power Point: [https://archive.gfn.events/downloads/2018/AnnieKleykamp.pdf Rethinking nicotine across the lifespan: What about the older smoker?]===		===2018: Power Point: [https://archive.gfn.events/downloads/2018/AnnieKleykamp.pdf Rethinking nicotine across the lifespan: What about the older smoker?]===
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	===2017: Article: [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/08/health/smokers-vaping-ecigarettes-elderly.html Some Older Smokers Turn to Vaping. That May Not Be a Bad Idea.]===		===2017: Article: [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/08/health/smokers-vaping-ecigarettes-elderly.html Some Older Smokers Turn to Vaping. That May Not Be a Bad Idea.]===
	*NY Times		*A retired secretary in her 70s, she’s often the oldest customer in the shop. Not that she cares. What matters is that after ignoring decades of doctors’ warnings and smoking two packs a day, she hasn’t lit up a conventional cigarette in four years and four months...But while the proportion of Americans who smoke continues to decrease — down to 15.1 percent in 2015 — the decline has stalled among older adults.
			*[https://archive.is/EInlT Archived Link]
			**Source: Paula Span, ''The New York Times''

	===2017: Article: [https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2017/vaping-popularity-fd.html Vaping Becoming Popular Among Older Smokers]===		===2017: Article: [https://web.archive.org/web/20171221001520/https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2017/vaping-popularity-fd.html Vaping Becoming Popular Among Older Smokers]===
	*AARP		*Public health officials, however, are divided over vaping’s benefits for older smokers. Some say it reduces the harm of smoking and it's better than doing nothing...“Old policies need to be supplemented with policies that encourage substituting e-cigarettes for the far more deadly cigarettes,” said David Levy, a professor of oncology at Georgetown University's School of Medicine and the leader of the study.
			**Source: Beth Brophy, ''AARP''

	===2011: Paper: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1104250 The Older Smoker]===		===2011: Paper: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1104250 The Older Smoker]===
	*JAMA		*Understanding how these age-related differences impact smoking-related outcomes (eg, tobacco withdrawal, acute effects of smoking, treatment efficacy) is limited because research examining older smokers is lacking. In a systematic review of tobacco withdrawal symptoms, the mean (SD) age of participants across 15 studies, chosen for their scientific rigor, was 37.8 (8.1) years.
			*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1001/jama.2011.1221 PDF Full Paper]
			**Citation: Kleykamp, B. A., & Heishman, S. J. (2011). The Older Smoker. JAMA, 306(8). doi:10.1001/jama.2011.1221

	=Personal Testimonies from people who used to smoke=		=Personal Testimonies from people who used to smoke=

Skip: /* Older Adults */

2025-06-18T10:12:13Z

Older Adults

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:12, 18 June 2025
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	=Older Adults=		=Older Adults=


	===2021: Paper: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2021/08/12/tobaccocontrol-2021-056945 Ignoring our elders: tobacco control’s forgotten health equity issue]===		===2021: Paper: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/early/2021/08/12/tobaccocontrol-2021-056945 Ignoring our elders: tobacco control’s forgotten health equity issue]===
	*BMJ Tobacco Control		*BMJ Tobacco Control


	===2019: Article: [https://filtermag.org/older-smokers-vaping/amp/ Older Smokers Are the Forgotten Victims of Our Vaping Wars]===		===2019: Article: [https://filtermag.org/older-smokers-vaping/amp/ Older Smokers Are the Forgotten Victims of Our Vaping Wars]===
	*Filter Magazine		*Filter Magazine


	===2018: Power Point: [https://archive.gfn.events/downloads/2018/AnnieKleykamp.pdf Rethinking nicotine across the lifespan: What about the older smoker?]===		===2018: Power Point: [https://archive.gfn.events/downloads/2018/AnnieKleykamp.pdf Rethinking nicotine across the lifespan: What about the older smoker?]===
	*GFN: Annie Kleykamp, PhD		*GFN: Annie Kleykamp, PhD



	===2017: Article: [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/08/health/smokers-vaping-ecigarettes-elderly.html Some Older Smokers Turn to Vaping. That May Not Be a Bad Idea.]===		===2017: Article: [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/08/health/smokers-vaping-ecigarettes-elderly.html Some Older Smokers Turn to Vaping. That May Not Be a Bad Idea.]===
	*NY Times		*NY Times


	===2017: Article: [https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2017/vaping-popularity-fd.html Vaping Becoming Popular Among Older Smokers]===		===2017: Article: [https://www.aarp.org/health/conditions-treatments/info-2017/vaping-popularity-fd.html Vaping Becoming Popular Among Older Smokers]===
	*AARP		*AARP


	===2011: Paper: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1104250 The Older Smoker]===		===2011: Paper: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/1104250 The Older Smoker]===
	*JAMA		*JAMA


	=Personal Testimonies from people who used to smoke=		=Personal Testimonies from people who used to smoke=

Skip: /* Dual Use */

2024-07-18T08:25:16Z

Dual Use

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 18 July 2024
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	=Dual Use=		=Dual Use=

			===2024: [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10826084.2024.2374973 Associations Between Noticing E-Cigarette Advertising Features and E-Cigarette Appeal and Switching Interest Among Young Adult Dual Users]===
			*Results: "Noticing fruit flavors (AOR = 1.67 and 1.28) and fruit images (AOR = 1.53 and 1.21) was positively associated with having any e-cigarette product appeal and switching interest. Noticing price promotions (AOR = 1.23) was positively associated with product appeal. In contrast, noticing nicotine warnings (AOR = 0.74 and 0.86), smoker-targeted claims (AOR = 0.78 and 0.89), and tobacco flavors (AOR = 0.92 and 0.90) was negatively associated with product appeal and switching interest."
	===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38192585/ Varenicline for smoking cessation in individuals who smoke cigarettes and use electronic cigarettes: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial]===		===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38192585/ Varenicline for smoking cessation in individuals who smoke cigarettes and use electronic cigarettes: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial]===
	*Our findings indicate that inclusion of varenicline in a cessation programme for adults who smoke and use e-cigarettes with an intention to quit smoking could result in smoking abstinence without serious adverse events. In the absence of evidence from other smoking cessation methods, it could be useful to suggest the use of varenicline in cessation programmes specifically designed to help dual users stop smoking.		*Our findings indicate that inclusion of varenicline in a cessation programme for adults who smoke and use e-cigarettes with an intention to quit smoking could result in smoking abstinence without serious adverse events. In the absence of evidence from other smoking cessation methods, it could be useful to suggest the use of varenicline in cessation programmes specifically designed to help dual users stop smoking.

Skip: /* Regulations (not including taxes) */

2024-02-14T20:28:07Z

Regulations (not including taxes)

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:28, 14 February 2024
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	=Regulations (not including taxes)=		=Regulations (not including taxes)=
	2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37452656/ Impacts of EU Tobacco Products Directive regulations on use of e-cigarettes in adolescents in Great Britain: a natural experiment evaluation.]
			===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37452656/ Impacts of EU Tobacco Products Directive regulations on use of e-cigarettes in adolescents in Great Britain: a natural experiment evaluation.]===

	* Moore G, Hallingberg B, Brown R, McKell J, Van Godwin J, Bauld L, Gray L, Maynard O, Mackintosh AM, Munafò M, Blackwell A, Lowthian E, Page N. Public Health Res (Southampt). 2023 Jun;11(5):1-102. doi: 10.3310/WTMH3198. PMID: 37452656		* Moore G, Hallingberg B, Brown R, McKell J, Van Godwin J, Bauld L, Gray L, Maynard O, Mackintosh AM, Munafò M, Blackwell A, Lowthian E, Page N. Public Health Res (Southampt). 2023 Jun;11(5):1-102. doi: 10.3310/WTMH3198. PMID: 37452656
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	*Citation: Hall, W., Gartner, C., & Forlini, C. (2015). Ethical issues raised by a ban on the sale of electronic nicotine devices. Addiction, 110(7), 1061–1067. doi:10.1111/add.12898		*Citation: Hall, W., Gartner, C., & Forlini, C. (2015). Ethical issues raised by a ban on the sale of electronic nicotine devices. Addiction, 110(7), 1061–1067. doi:10.1111/add.12898
	*Acknowledgement: C.G. is supported by an NHMRC Career Development Award. C.F. is supported by funding from the Australia Research Council for research on the use of stimulant drugs as cognitive enhancers. We would like to thank Sarah Yeates for her assistance in preparing this paper for publication.		*Acknowledgement: C.G. is supported by an NHMRC Career Development Award. C.F. is supported by funding from the Australia Research Council for research on the use of stimulant drugs as cognitive enhancers. We would like to thank Sarah Yeates for her assistance in preparing this paper for publication.



	=Taxes=		=Taxes=

Richardpruen: Added disposables section and paper on access in the UK

2024-01-24T12:32:16Z

Added disposables section and paper on access in the UK

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:32, 24 January 2024
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			== Disposable Vapes ==

	=~~Dual Use~~=		=== 2024: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350623005036 Who would be affected by a ban on disposable vapes? A population study in Great Britain] ===

			* We used a nationally representative survey of ~70,000 adults in the general population in Great Britain (the Smoking Toolkit Study) to describe trends in disposable e-cigarette use since 2021, establish the number who would currently be affected by a ban on disposables, and assess their sociodemographic and smoking profile.
			* Our data show that while disposable vapes are particularly popular among young adults, they are also used by a large number of current smokers and ex-smokers and by people from disadvantaged groups – including those with a history of mental health conditions and working in lower paid jobs.
			* These findings suggest banning disposable vapes isn’t a straightforward solution to stop young people from vaping. It could also have unintended consequences for smokers, including discouraging people from using e-cigarettes to try to quit smoking or triggering relapse among those who have already used disposables to quit. It may also worsen health inequalities. We suggest these trade-offs should be carefully considered when making decisions around banning disposables.
			* Sarah E. Jackson, Harry Tattan-Birch, Lion Shahab, Melissa Oldham, Dimitra Kale, Leonie Brose, Jamie Brown
			* Public Health https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.024 Received 26 October 2023, Revised 19 December 2023, Accepted 20 December 2023, Available online 24 January 2024.<br />

			=Dual Use=
	===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38192585/ Varenicline for smoking cessation in individuals who smoke cigarettes and use electronic cigarettes: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial]===		===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38192585/ Varenicline for smoking cessation in individuals who smoke cigarettes and use electronic cigarettes: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial]===
	*Our findings indicate that inclusion of varenicline in a cessation programme for adults who smoke and use e-cigarettes with an intention to quit smoking could result in smoking abstinence without serious adverse events. In the absence of evidence from other smoking cessation methods, it could be useful to suggest the use of varenicline in cessation programmes specifically designed to help dual users stop smoking.		*Our findings indicate that inclusion of varenicline in a cessation programme for adults who smoke and use e-cigarettes with an intention to quit smoking could result in smoking abstinence without serious adverse events. In the absence of evidence from other smoking cessation methods, it could be useful to suggest the use of varenicline in cessation programmes specifically designed to help dual users stop smoking.

Skip: /* 2021: Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response */

2024-01-09T21:56:19Z

2021: Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:56, 9 January 2024
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	=Dual Use=		=Dual Use=


			===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38192585/ Varenicline for smoking cessation in individuals who smoke cigarettes and use electronic cigarettes: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial]===
			*Our findings indicate that inclusion of varenicline in a cessation programme for adults who smoke and use e-cigarettes with an intention to quit smoking could result in smoking abstinence without serious adverse events. In the absence of evidence from other smoking cessation methods, it could be useful to suggest the use of varenicline in cessation programmes specifically designed to help dual users stop smoking.
			*Caponnetto P, Spicuzza L, Campagna D, Ahluwalia JS, Russell C, Maglia M, Riela PM, Longo CF, Caci G, Quattropani MC, Signorelli MS, Polosa R. Varenicline for smoking cessation in individuals who smoke cigarettes and use electronic cigarettes: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2023 Nov 21;66:102316. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102316. PMID: 38192585; PMCID: PMC10772233.

	===2021: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]===		===2021: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]===
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	**Proposes an illiberal policy and fails to recognise a major global public health opportunity.		**Proposes an illiberal policy and fails to recognise a major global public health opportunity.
	*Acknowledgement: We confirm that signatories report no conflicts with respect to FCTC Article 5.3 and no financial conflicts of interest with respect to tobacco or e-cigarette companies under the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME) reporting standard.		*Acknowledgement: We confirm that signatories report no conflicts with respect to FCTC Article 5.3 and no financial conflicts of interest with respect to tobacco or e-cigarette companies under the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME) reporting standard.


	===2020 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33086157/ A comparison of product dependence among cigarette only, ENDS only, and dual users: Findings from Wave 3 (2015-2016) of the PATH study]===		===2020 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33086157/ A comparison of product dependence among cigarette only, ENDS only, and dual users: Findings from Wave 3 (2015-2016) of the PATH study]===

Richardpruen: /* Suggested studies to add to this page */ add switch to vaping text message paper

2023-10-02T13:07:04Z

Suggested studies to add to this page: add switch to vaping text message paper

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:07, 2 October 2023
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	**Keywords		**Keywords
	**Other		**Other

			=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37756034/ Mobile Phone Text Messages to Support People to Stop Smoking by Switching to Vaping: Codevelopment, Coproduction, and Initial Testing Study.] ===

			* smoking cessation using vaping. Also, an important aspect of this is the 'co-production' of messaging with the affected community.
			* This study underscores the potential benefits of co production in health research, including the ability to target community needs, engage community stakeholders, and promote person-centered practices. The co developed mobile phone SMS text message program has the potential to support smokers to quit smoking using a vape. However, the rapidly changing e-cigarette landscape suggests that further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of the co developed SMS text message program by considering disposable vapes. Despite the aforementioned limitations, the program was perceived as effective by participants in phase 3, highlighting the potential benefits of incorporating community perspectives and expertise in the development of smoking cessation interventions.
			* Sideropoulos V, Vangeli E, Naughton F, Cox S, Frings D, Notley C, Brown J, Kimber C, Dawkins L. JMIR Form Res. 2023 Sep 27;7:e49668. doi: 10.2196/49668. PMID: 37756034

	=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37561572/ e-Cigarette Use and the Cessation of Tobacco Cigarette Smoking: Protocol for an Umbrella Review.] ===		=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37561572/ e-Cigarette Use and the Cessation of Tobacco Cigarette Smoking: Protocol for an Umbrella Review.] ===

	* O'Leary R, Polosa R. JMIR Res Protoc. 2023 Aug 10;12:e47711. doi: 10.2196/47711. PMID: 37561572		* O'Leary R, Polosa R. JMIR Res Protoc. 2023 Aug 10;12:e47711. doi: 10.2196/47711. PMID: 37561572
	* A protocol for an umbrella review: a systematic review of systematic reviews of ENDS for smoking cessation:		* A protocol for an umbrella review: a systematic review of systematic reviews of ENDS for smoking cessation:
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	=More Information=		=More Information=
	*Click on the category link below for more studies by topic on ENDS and Nicotine.		*Click on the category link below for more studies by topic on ENDS and Nicotine.
	[[Category:Studies, Surveys, and Papers]]		[[index.php?title=Category:Studies, Surveys, and Papers]]

Richardpruen: Umbrella review protocol (review of systematic reviews) added

2023-08-17T12:07:42Z

Umbrella review protocol (review of systematic reviews) added

@@ Line 545: / Line 545: @@
 **Keywords
 **Other
 === 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37041075/ Vaping and socioeconomic inequalities in smoking cessation and relapse: a longitudinal analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study.] ===

Richardpruen: /* Regulations (not including taxes) added study on TPD

2023-07-25T16:06:00Z

/* Regulations (not including taxes) added study on TPD

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:06, 25 July 2023
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	=Regulations (not including taxes)=		=Regulations (not including taxes)=
			2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37452656/ Impacts of EU Tobacco Products Directive regulations on use of e-cigarettes in adolescents in Great Britain: a natural experiment evaluation.]

			* Moore G, Hallingberg B, Brown R, McKell J, Van Godwin J, Bauld L, Gray L, Maynard O, Mackintosh AM, Munafò M, Blackwell A, Lowthian E, Page N. Public Health Res (Southampt). 2023 Jun;11(5):1-102. doi: 10.3310/WTMH3198. PMID: 37452656
			* A report on the impacts of the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) on youth e-cigarette use in Great Britain, with special focus on testing the renormalization hypothesis (a specific version of ‘gateway’ in which the effect is hypothesized to occur through the mechanism of social norms). This report examines national survey data of youth (aged 13-15) from England, Scotland, and Wales, using an interrupted time series analysis of TPD regulations.
			** '''''Results:''''' ''Ever smoking continued to decline alongside the emergence of e-cigarettes, with a slight slowing in decline for regular use… Young people described e-cigarettes as a fad and indicated limited interaction with components of the [TPD] regulations. In primary statistical analyses in Wales, growth in ever use of e-cigarettes prior to [TPD] regulations did not continue after implementation… Data from England and Scotland exhibited a similar pattern. Smoking followed the opposite pattern, declining prior to the [TPD] regulations, but plateauing as growth in e-cigarette use stalled.''
			* Once again, these data show an inverse relationship between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking trends, suggesting substitution. Whether or not TPD regulations causally stopped the increase in e-cigarette use is still unresolved to me (i.e., it’s also possible that it was truly a social fad that to some extent burned out on its own). However, this report shows that if the decline in e-cigarette use can be attributed to TPD, then one must face the uncomfortable conclusion that it also stopped the decline in cigarette smoking.
			* Regarding the renormalization hypothesis, this is not supported by the data: the proportion of youth who agree with the statements “trying smoking is OK” and “smoking regularly is OK” declined substantially over the time period when e-cigarette use was increasing, which is what the opposite of what the renormalization hypothesis would predict (much like the population-level smoking trends contradict what the gateway hypothesis would predict). This follows other informative work by Britt Hallingberg and colleagues (e.g. here) that also tests – and fails to support – the renormalization hypothesis (which is often assumed by its proponents without citing empirical evidence).

	=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37161460/ The impact of JUUL market entry on cigarette sales: evidence from a major chain retailer in Canada.] ===		=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37161460/ The impact of JUUL market entry on cigarette sales: evidence from a major chain retailer in Canada.] ===