ENDS Youth & Young Adults - Revision history

Skip at 07:33, 25 December 2025

2025-12-25T07:33:14Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 08:33, 25 December 2025
Line 223:		Line 223:


	===2020: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and Health Indicators in a Young Adult, College Student Sample: Differences by Gender=== <!--T:72-->		===2020: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12529-020-09913-5 Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and Health Indicators in a Young Adult, College Student Sample: Differences by Gender]=== <!--T:72-->

	<!--T:73-->		<!--T:73-->
Line 229:		Line 229:
	We observed graded relationships between levels of ACE exposure and physical, mental, and behavioral health indicators including cigarette use, e-cigarette use, drinking and driving, obesity, lifetime depression, suicide ideation and attempt, non-suicidal self-injury, and lack of restful sleep.		We observed graded relationships between levels of ACE exposure and physical, mental, and behavioral health indicators including cigarette use, e-cigarette use, drinking and driving, obesity, lifetime depression, suicide ideation and attempt, non-suicidal self-injury, and lack of restful sleep.
	ACE-exposed females reported worse mental health status than ACE-exposed males while males reported more substance use than females. Most outcomes did not vary significantly by sex.		ACE-exposed females reported worse mental health status than ACE-exposed males while males reported more substance use than females. Most outcomes did not vary significantly by sex.


	===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6131072/ Preventing Smoking Progression in Young Adults: The Concept of Prevescalation]===		===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6131072/ Preventing Smoking Progression in Young Adults: The Concept of Prevescalation]===

Skip at 21:44, 29 December 2024

2024-12-29T21:44:49Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:44, 29 December 2024
Line 175:		Line 175:
	*Acknowledgement: The author is grateful to the National Institutes of Health for a grant supplement (to parent grant R01CA190444-04; PI: Delnevo) that supported this work.		*Acknowledgement: The author is grateful to the National Institutes of Health for a grant supplement (to parent grant R01CA190444-04; PI: Delnevo) that supported this work.

	===2020: Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”=== <!--T:61-->		===2020: [https://cei.org/studies/perverse-psychology/ Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”]=== <!--T:61-->

	<!--T:62-->		<!--T:62-->

Skip: /* Age Restrictions */

2024-07-25T17:02:37Z

Age Restrictions

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:02, 25 July 2024
Line 183:		Line 183:

	=Age Restrictions=		=Age Restrictions=

			===2023: [https://isfe.uky.edu/sites/ISFE/files/research-pdfs/Effects%20of%20E-Cigarette%20Minimum%20Legal%20Sales%20Ages%20on%20Youth%20Tobacco%20Use%20in%20the%20US_Working%20Paper_0.pdf Effects of E-Cigarette Minimum Legal Sales Ages on Youth Tobacco Use in the United States]===
			*"Using an estimator designed to correct for dynamic heterogeneity in treatment effects, e-cigarette MLSAs are estimated to reduce lifetime e-cigarette use by approximately 25% and increase daily cigarette use and daily cigar use by approximately 35%. Therefore, these MLSAs operate as intended in reducing e-cigarette use, although at the expense of more dangerous combustible tobacco use. The Food and Drug Administration should consider the impact of e-cigarette availability in reducing youth combustible tobacco use as an important public health benefit of e-cigarettes in their regulatory activity."
			**Citation: Michael F. Pesko, 2023. "Effects of e-cigarette minimum legal sales ages on youth tobacco use in the United States," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 66(3), pages 261-277, June. DOI: 10.1007/s11166-022-09402-y
			***Acknowledgment: Dr. Pesko was supported by R01DA045016 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health and by a grant from the Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise at the University of Kentucky.

	===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7051858/ E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers]===		===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7051858/ E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers]===

Skip: /* 2019: E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers */

2024-07-25T16:29:02Z

2019: E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:29, 25 July 2024
Line 185:		Line 185:

	===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7051858/ E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers]===		===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7051858/ E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers]===
	*"This paper suggests that increases in teen prenatal cigarette smoking may be an unintended consequence of ENDS MLSAs among rural teens. Increases in prenatal smoking were entirely accounted for by pre-pregnancy smokers, suggesting that the mechanism through which ENDS MLSAs affected prenatal smoking was by reducing smoking cessation rather than by causing new initiation of cigarette smoking during pregnancy. "		*"This paper suggests that increases in teen prenatal cigarette smoking may be an unintended consequence of ENDS MLSAs among rural teens. Increases in prenatal smoking were entirely accounted for by pre-pregnancy smokers, suggesting that the mechanism through which ENDS MLSAs affected prenatal smoking was by reducing smoking cessation rather than by causing new initiation of cigarette smoking during pregnancy."
	**Citation: Pesko MF, Currie JM. E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers. J Health Econ. 2019 Jul;66:71-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.05.003. Epub 2019 May 13. PMID: 31121389; PMCID: PMC7051858.		**Citation: Pesko MF, Currie JM. E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers. J Health Econ. 2019 Jul;66:71-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.05.003. Epub 2019 May 13. PMID: 31121389; PMCID: PMC7051858.
	***Acknowledgment: We appreciate helpful comments from Michael French and ~~conference~~ participants at the 2016 American Society for Health Economists conference. We thank Joanna Seirup for excellent data management. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01DA045016 (PI: Michael Pesko), P30DA040500 (PI: Bruce Schackman), and R01DA039968 (PI: Dhaval Dave). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health		***Acknowledgment: We appreciate helpful comments from Michael French and participants at the 2016 American Society for Health Economists conference. We thank Joanna Seirup for excellent data management. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01DA045016 (PI: Michael Pesko), P30DA040500 (PI: Bruce Schackman), and R01DA039968 (PI: Dhaval Dave). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health
	*See also: [https://news.gsu.edu/2019/07/11/e-cigartte-legal-age-regulation-teen-smokers/ E-cigarette Regulations Increase Prenatal Cigarette Use Among Teen Smokers, Study Shows]		*See also: [https://news.gsu.edu/2019/07/11/e-cigartte-legal-age-regulation-teen-smokers/ E-cigarette Regulations Increase Prenatal Cigarette Use Among Teen Smokers, Study Shows]

			===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6377803/ The Effects of E-Cigarette Minimum Legal Sale Age Laws on Youth Substance Use]===
			*"Taken together, our findings suggest a possible unintended effect of e-cigarette MLSA laws—rising cigarette use in the short term while youth are restricted from purchasing e-cigarettes."
			**Citation: Dave D, Feng B, Pesko MF. The effects of e-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws on youth substance use. Health Econ. 2019 Mar;28(3):419-436. doi: 10.1002/hec.3854. Epub 2019 Jan 15. PMID: 30648308; PMCID: PMC6377803.
			***Acknowledgment: We gratefully appreciate comments from Abigail Friedman, Rahi Abouk, and others at the 2017 International Society for Health Economists (iHEA) conference. We also gratefully acknowledge Amanda Shawky for editorial assistance.
			***Funding: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01DA039968 (PI: Dhaval Dave) and R01DA045016 (PI: Michael Pesko)

	===2016: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26971853/ The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use]===		===2016: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26971853/ The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use]===

Skip at 16:13, 25 July 2024

2024-07-25T16:13:39Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:13, 25 July 2024
Line 195:		Line 195:
	***(Full study behind paywall, can't see information on study funding)		***(Full study behind paywall, can't see information on study funding)

	===2015: ~~Study~~: How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking?=== ~~<!--T:67-->~~		===2015: [https://conference.nber.org/confer/2015/SI2015/HE/Friedman.pdf How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking?]===
			*Abstract: “Understanding electronic cigarettes’ effect on tobacco smoking is a central economic and policy issue. This paper examines the causal impact of e-cigarette access on conventional cigarette use by adolescents. Regression analyses consider how state bans on e-cigarette sales to minors influence smoking rates among 12 to 17 year olds. Such bans yield a statistically significant 0.9 percentage point increase in recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans. Results are robust to multiple specifications as well as several falsification and placebo checks. This effect is both consistent with e-cigarette access reducing smoking among minors, and large: banning electronic cigarette sales to minors counteracts 70 percent of the downward pre-trend in teen cigarette smoking for a given two-year period.”
			**Citation: Friedman AS. How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking? J Health Econ. 2015 Dec;44:300-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Oct 19. PMID: 26583343.
	~~<!--T:68-->~~		***Acknowledgement: I am grateful to David Cutler, Richard Frank, Claudia Goldin, Frank Sloan, Jody Sindelar, Martin Anderson, Sebastian Bauhoff, Shivaani Prakash, Mark Schlesinger, and Sam Richardson for helpful comments and discussion, and to the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, for fellowship funding that helped support this research.
	Abstract: “Understanding electronic cigarettes’ effect on tobacco smoking is a central economic and policy issue. This paper examines the causal impact of e-cigarette access on conventional cigarette use by adolescents. Regression analyses consider how state bans on e-cigarette sales to minors influence smoking rates among 12 to 17 year olds. Such bans yield a statistically significant 0.9 percentage point increase in recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans. Results are robust to multiple specifications as well as several falsification and placebo checks. This effect is both consistent with e-cigarette access reducing smoking among minors, and large: banning electronic cigarette sales to minors counteracts 70 percent of the downward pre-trend in teen cigarette smoking for a given two-year period.”

	=Young Adults= <!--T:69-->		=Young Adults= <!--T:69-->

Skip: /* Age Restrictions */

2024-07-25T12:00:57Z

Age Restrictions

← Older revision		Revision as of 13:00, 25 July 2024
Line 184:		Line 184:
	=Age Restrictions=		=Age Restrictions=

	===2019: E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers=== <!--T:63-->		===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7051858/ E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers]===
			*"This paper suggests that increases in teen prenatal cigarette smoking may be an unintended consequence of ENDS MLSAs among rural teens. Increases in prenatal smoking were entirely accounted for by pre-pregnancy smokers, suggesting that the mechanism through which ENDS MLSAs affected prenatal smoking was by reducing smoking cessation rather than by causing new initiation of cigarette smoking during pregnancy. "
	<!--~~T:64~~-->		**Citation: Pesko MF, Currie JM. E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers. J Health Econ. 2019 Jul;66:71-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.05.003. Epub 2019 May 13. PMID: 31121389; PMCID: PMC7051858.
	E-cigarette Regulations Increase Prenatal Cigarette Use Among Teen Smokers, Study Shows ~~(Article)~~		***Acknowledgment: We appreciate helpful comments from Michael French and conference participants at the 2016 American Society for Health Economists conference. We thank Joanna Seirup for excellent data management. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01DA045016 (PI: Michael Pesko), P30DA040500 (PI: Bruce Schackman), and R01DA039968 (PI: Dhaval Dave). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health
	~~Teenagers under 18 could legally purchase e-cigarettes until states passed minimum legal sale age laws. These laws may have curtailed teenagers' use of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.~~		*See also: [https://news.gsu.edu/2019/07/11/e-cigartte-legal-age-regulation-teen-smokers/ E-cigarette Regulations Increase Prenatal Cigarette Use Among Teen Smokers, Study Shows]
	These results suggest that the laws reduced cigarette smoking cessation during pregnancy rather than causing new cigarette smoking initiation. Our results may indicate an unmet need for assistance with smoking cessation among pregnant teenagers.

	===2016: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26971853/ The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use]===		===2016: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26971853/ The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use]===

Skip at 11:50, 25 July 2024

2024-07-25T11:50:47Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:50, 25 July 2024
Line 191:		Line 191:
	These results suggest that the laws reduced cigarette smoking cessation during pregnancy rather than causing new cigarette smoking initiation. Our results may indicate an unmet need for assistance with smoking cessation among pregnant teenagers.		These results suggest that the laws reduced cigarette smoking cessation during pregnancy rather than causing new cigarette smoking initiation. Our results may indicate an unmet need for assistance with smoking cessation among pregnant teenagers.

	===2016: The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use=== ~~<!--T:65-->~~		===2016: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26971853/ The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use]===
			*Conclusion: “We document a concerning trend of cigarette smoking among adolescents increasing when ENDS become more difficult to purchase.”
	~~<!--T:66-->~~		**Pesko MF, Hughes JM, Faisal FS. The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use. Prev Med. 2016 Jun;87:207-212. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.001. Epub 2016 Mar 10. PMID: 26971853.
	Conclusion: “We document a concerning trend of cigarette smoking among adolescents increasing when ENDS become more difficult to purchase.”		***(Full study behind paywall, can't see information on study funding)

	===2015: Study: How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking?=== <!--T:67-->		===2015: Study: How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking?=== <!--T:67-->

Skip at 11:26, 25 July 2024

2024-07-25T11:26:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:26, 25 July 2024
Line 137:		Line 137:

	=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37409355/ How do you solve a problem like youth vaping?] ===		=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37409355/ How do you solve a problem like youth vaping?] ===

	* Gartner C. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2023 Jul;42(5):1298-1300. doi: 10.1111/dar.13666. Epub 2023 May 9. PMID: 37409355 No abstract available.		* Gartner C. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2023 Jul;42(5):1298-1300. doi: 10.1111/dar.13666. Epub 2023 May 9. PMID: 37409355 No abstract available.
	* But the first step to "solve a problem like youth vaping" is to ''define'' the problem. The opening statement "concerns about youth vaping are rising globally" isn't really enough for a scientific discussion, unless it's a discussion about media/political perceptions. In my view, the problem of youth vaping is primarily an ''aesthetic or'' political problem (and I agree, no one wants to see this), rather than a public health risk that should really justify strong interventions that will likely harm adults. This is because there are really two types of youth vaping: (1) frivolous experience, faddish, transitory and of little current or lasting consequence; (2) the uptake of vaping by young people who would otherwise smoke or have a high propensity to use nicotine. For these adolescents, vaping is likely beneficial - a harm-reduction diversion from smoking. So youth vaping, in public health terms, is a mix of inconsequential and beneficial. We've already seen how that played out in the US in a [https://rodutobaccotruth.blogspot.com/2023/07/astounding-smoking-vaping-statistics-in.html recent blog] by Brad Rodu. So from a scientific and public health perspective, we need a clear-eyed public understanding of the (non-)problem, before we make trade-offs to solve this problem that may cause actual harm to adults. See Mendelsohn and Hall: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395923001123?via%3Dihub What are the harms of vaping in young people who have never smoked?]		* But the first step to "solve a problem like youth vaping" is to ''define'' the problem. The opening statement "concerns about youth vaping are rising globally" isn't really enough for a scientific discussion, unless it's a discussion about media/political perceptions. In my view, the problem of youth vaping is primarily an ''aesthetic or'' political problem (and I agree, no one wants to see this), rather than a public health risk that should really justify strong interventions that will likely harm adults. This is because there are really two types of youth vaping: (1) frivolous experience, faddish, transitory and of little current or lasting consequence; (2) the uptake of vaping by young people who would otherwise smoke or have a high propensity to use nicotine. For these adolescents, vaping is likely beneficial - a harm-reduction diversion from smoking. So youth vaping, in public health terms, is a mix of inconsequential and beneficial. We've already seen how that played out in the US in a [https://rodutobaccotruth.blogspot.com/2023/07/astounding-smoking-vaping-statistics-in.html recent blog] by Brad Rodu. So from a scientific and public health perspective, we need a clear-eyed public understanding of the (non-)problem, before we make trade-offs to solve this problem that may cause actual harm to adults. See Mendelsohn and Hall: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395923001123?via%3Dihub What are the harms of vaping in young people who have never smoked?]
Line 148:		Line 147:

	=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37364525/ An experimental evaluation of the effects of banning the sale of flavored tobacco products on adolescents' and young adults' future nicotine vaping intentions.] ===		=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37364525/ An experimental evaluation of the effects of banning the sale of flavored tobacco products on adolescents' and young adults' future nicotine vaping intentions.] ===

	* Dunbar M, Setoji CM, Martino SC, Jensen D, Li R, Bialas A, Shadel WG. Addict Behav. 2023 Jun 19;145:107784. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107784. Online ahead of print. PMID: 37364525		* Dunbar M, Setoji CM, Martino SC, Jensen D, Li R, Bialas A, Shadel WG. Addict Behav. 2023 Jun 19;145:107784. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107784. Online ahead of print. PMID: 37364525
	* An experimental purchasing study of youth (11-20 years old) in a mock convenience store, examining different conditions with different flavor availabilities:		* An experimental purchasing study of youth (11-20 years old) in a mock convenience store, examining different conditions with different flavor availabilities:
Line 155:		Line 153:
	* The assumption behind flavor bans is that flavor availability will causally deter use among youth (especially non-using youth), which stems from the unproven assumption that because youth often use flavors, that flavors caused youth use. However, there is no evidence for this causation – youth might otherwise use tobacco flavor, as evidenced by youth using no-added-flavors cigarettes for decades previously. This is one of the first studies that evaluates the causality of flavor availability on youth use (another one was a Pinney paper finding that youth interest did not vary across flavor descriptors).		* The assumption behind flavor bans is that flavor availability will causally deter use among youth (especially non-using youth), which stems from the unproven assumption that because youth often use flavors, that flavors caused youth use. However, there is no evidence for this causation – youth might otherwise use tobacco flavor, as evidenced by youth using no-added-flavors cigarettes for decades previously. This is one of the first studies that evaluates the causality of flavor availability on youth use (another one was a Pinney paper finding that youth interest did not vary across flavor descriptors).
	* The results are notable in their lack of causal associations, except in increasing the intention to use tobacco-flavored products among youth who already use e-cigarettes if there are no flavors available (i.e., migrating to the remaining available products). Especially notable is that flavor restrictions did not change intentions to use among non-users (which were already low), which calls into question the fundamental motivation behind flavor bans.		* The results are notable in their lack of causal associations, except in increasing the intention to use tobacco-flavored products among youth who already use e-cigarettes if there are no flavors available (i.e., migrating to the remaining available products). Especially notable is that flavor restrictions did not change intentions to use among non-users (which were already low), which calls into question the fundamental motivation behind flavor bans.
	* I would be nice to have seen the overall levels of intentions to use in each condition to evaluate the magnitude of the effects (for those results, only adjusted odds ratios are presented)

	===2021: [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17538068.2020.1860671 Content analysis of the use of fear in the real cost youth e-cigarette prevention campaign]=== <!--T:57-->		===2021: [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17538068.2020.1860671 Content analysis of the use of fear in the real cost youth e-cigarette prevention campaign]=== <!--T:57-->
Line 169:		Line 166:
	*[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538068.2020.1860671?needAccess=true PDF Version]		*[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17538068.2020.1860671?needAccess=true PDF Version]
	*Citation: Ziming Xuan & Jasmin N. Choi (2021) Content analysis of the use of fear in the real cost youth e-cigarette prevention campaign, Journal of Communication in Healthcare, DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2020.1860671		*Citation: Ziming Xuan & Jasmin N. Choi (2021) Content analysis of the use of fear in the real cost youth e-cigarette prevention campaign, Journal of Communication in Healthcare, DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2020.1860671



	===2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7789942/ Rescuing Vapers Versus Rescuing Smokers: The Ethics]=== <!--T:59-->		===2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7789942/ Rescuing Vapers Versus Rescuing Smokers: The Ethics]=== <!--T:59-->
Line 179:		Line 174:
	*Citation: Eyal, Nir. “Rescuing Vapers Versus Rescuing Smokers: The Ethics.” Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco vol. 23,1 (2021): 26-31. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa157		*Citation: Eyal, Nir. “Rescuing Vapers Versus Rescuing Smokers: The Ethics.” Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco vol. 23,1 (2021): 26-31. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa157
	*Acknowledgement: The author is grateful to the National Institutes of Health for a grant supplement (to parent grant R01CA190444-04; PI: Delnevo) that supported this work.		*Acknowledgement: The author is grateful to the National Institutes of Health for a grant supplement (to parent grant R01CA190444-04; PI: Delnevo) that supported this work.



	===2020: Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”=== <!--T:61-->		===2020: Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”=== <!--T:61-->
Line 189:		Line 182:
	Teen vaping did not escalate despite the increased anti-vaping messaging. Adolescents’ curiosity and subsequent experimentation with vaping rose because of anti-vaping messaging.		Teen vaping did not escalate despite the increased anti-vaping messaging. Adolescents’ curiosity and subsequent experimentation with vaping rose because of anti-vaping messaging.

			=Age Restrictions=

	===2019: E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers=== <!--T:63-->		===2019: E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers=== <!--T:63-->
Line 198:		Line 191:
	These results suggest that the laws reduced cigarette smoking cessation during pregnancy rather than causing new cigarette smoking initiation. Our results may indicate an unmet need for assistance with smoking cessation among pregnant teenagers.		These results suggest that the laws reduced cigarette smoking cessation during pregnancy rather than causing new cigarette smoking initiation. Our results may indicate an unmet need for assistance with smoking cessation among pregnant teenagers.

			===2016: The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use=== <!--T:65-->

	===2016: ~~Study~~ The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use=== <!--T:65-->

	<!--T:66-->		<!--T:66-->
	Conclusion: “We document a concerning trend of cigarette smoking among adolescents increasing when ENDS become more difficult to purchase.”		Conclusion: “We document a concerning trend of cigarette smoking among adolescents increasing when ENDS become more difficult to purchase.”



	===2015: Study: How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking?=== <!--T:67-->		===2015: Study: How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking?=== <!--T:67-->
Line 212:		Line 201:
	<!--T:68-->		<!--T:68-->
	Abstract: “Understanding electronic cigarettes’ effect on tobacco smoking is a central economic and policy issue. This paper examines the causal impact of e-cigarette access on conventional cigarette use by adolescents. Regression analyses consider how state bans on e-cigarette sales to minors influence smoking rates among 12 to 17 year olds. Such bans yield a statistically significant 0.9 percentage point increase in recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans. Results are robust to multiple specifications as well as several falsification and placebo checks. This effect is both consistent with e-cigarette access reducing smoking among minors, and large: banning electronic cigarette sales to minors counteracts 70 percent of the downward pre-trend in teen cigarette smoking for a given two-year period.”		Abstract: “Understanding electronic cigarettes’ effect on tobacco smoking is a central economic and policy issue. This paper examines the causal impact of e-cigarette access on conventional cigarette use by adolescents. Regression analyses consider how state bans on e-cigarette sales to minors influence smoking rates among 12 to 17 year olds. Such bans yield a statistically significant 0.9 percentage point increase in recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans. Results are robust to multiple specifications as well as several falsification and placebo checks. This effect is both consistent with e-cigarette access reducing smoking among minors, and large: banning electronic cigarette sales to minors counteracts 70 percent of the downward pre-trend in teen cigarette smoking for a given two-year period.”
	~~<br>~~

	=Young Adults= <!--T:69-->		=Young Adults= <!--T:69-->

Skip at 09:29, 22 July 2024

2024-07-22T09:29:00Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:29, 22 July 2024
Line 9:		Line 9:


	=Addiction / Dependence= ~~<!--T:3-->~~		=Addiction / Dependence=

	===~~2021:~~ [https://~~onlinelibrary.wiley~~.~~com~~/~~doi~~/10.~~1111~~/~~add.15403 Dependence on nicotine in US high school students in the context of changing patterns of tobacco product use]=== <!~~-~~-T:4-->~~		===Please see this page for addiction/dependence information===
			*[https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php/Nicotine_-_Addiction/Dependence Nicotine - Addiction/Dependence]
	~~<!--T:5-->~~
	*Use of e-cigarettes increased dramatically, use of cigarettes declined, and use of combustible (non-cigarette) and smokeless tobacco was relatively stable. Whether the overall increase in product use has been mirrored by an increase in nicotine dependence was unclear.
	*We found that different tobacco products were associated with differing levels of nicotine dependence, with cigarettes characterised by highest dependence and e-cigarettes in otherwise tobacco-naïve students by low dependence.
	~~[[File:Youth_Dependence.jpg\|Youth~~ Dependence on Nicotine ~~Products]]~~
	*The increase in population use of tobacco products between 2012 and 2019 (from 23.2% to 31.2%) was not accompanied by an equivalent increase in overall population burden of dependence (craving: 10.9% to 9.5%; wanting to use within 30min: 4.7% to 5.4%).
	*Among US high school students, increases in the prevalence of nicotine product use from 2012 to 2019 do not appear to have been accompanied by a similar increase in the population burden of nicotine dependence. This may be at least partly attributable to a shift in the most common product of choice from cigarettes (on which users are most dependent) to e‐cigarettes (on which users are least dependent).
	*PDF version behind a paywall
	*Citation: Jackson, S. E., Brown, J., and Jarvis, M. J. (2021) Dependence on nicotine in US high school students in the context of changing patterns of tobacco product use. Addiction~~, https:~~/~~/doi.org/10.1111/add.15403.~~

	=Marketing/Advertising/Packaging=		=Marketing/Advertising/Packaging=

Skip at 09:18, 22 July 2024

2024-07-22T09:18:38Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:18, 22 July 2024
Line 36:		Line 36:
	===Please see this page for gateway information:===		===Please see this page for gateway information:===
	*[https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php/Myth:_Alternative_nicotine_products_are_a_gateway_to_smoking Myth: Alternative nicotine products are a gateway to smoking]		*[https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php/Myth:_Alternative_nicotine_products_are_a_gateway_to_smoking Myth: Alternative nicotine products are a gateway to smoking]
	~~<br>~~

	=Youth Use / Risky Behaviors / ACE’s= <!--T:31-->		=Youth Use / Risky Behaviors / ACE’s= <!--T:31-->