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	<id>https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=NASEM</id>
	<title>NASEM - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php?action=history&amp;feed=atom&amp;title=NASEM"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php?title=NASEM&amp;action=history"/>
	<updated>2026-06-26T00:55:17Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php?title=NASEM&amp;diff=8825&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Richardpruen: added cat</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php?title=NASEM&amp;diff=8825&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2021-09-06T22:01:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;added cat&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122;&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 23:01, 6 September 2021&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l6&quot;&gt;Line 6:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 6:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Leadership&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/leadership Learn more]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;about the presidents of our three Academies and our executive team.Each Academy is governed by its own council elected from the Academy&amp;#039;s membership. The National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, is overseen by a governing board that consists councilors from each of the three Academies. [file:///native baseline]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Members&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Members are elected to the NAS, NAE, or NAM in recognition of outstanding achievements, and membership is considered one of the highest professional honors. Among the world&amp;#039;s most distinguished scientists, engineers, and health care professionals,&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/members our members]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;are essential to the work we do.&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Volunteers&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Each year, approximately 6,000 top experts in their fields — including but not limited to members of the Academies — volunteer their time and extensive knowledge to conduct our policy studies, workshops, symposia, and other activities.&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/volunteers Learn more about our volunteers].&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our History&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;To meet the government&amp;#039;s urgent need for an independent adviser on scientific matters, President Lincoln signed a congressional charter forming theNational Academy of Sciences in 1863. Under the same charter, the Academy eventually expanded to include the National Academy of Engineeringin 1964, and theNational Academy of Medicine, which was established in 1970 as the Institute of Medicine.[http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/history/archives/ Learnmore about our history].&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Give to the Academies&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Although many of our activities are requested and funded by Congress and federal agencies, we do not receive direct appropriations from the federal government. Foundations, the private sector, and philanthropy from individuals enable us to address critical issues on behalf of the nation.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/giving Make a gift to the National Academies].&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;&amp;lt;section id=&amp;quot;sl-three-columns-b4dbebf2-0a3d-48c1-8e3f-bd76e32e015e&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;layout__content&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Leadership&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/leadership Learn more]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;about the presidents of our three Academies and our executive team.Each Academy is governed by its own council elected from the Academy&amp;#039;s membership. The National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, is overseen by a governing board that consists councilors from each of the three Academies. [file:///native baseline]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Members&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Members are elected to the NAS, NAE, or NAM in recognition of outstanding achievements, and membership is considered one of the highest professional honors. Among the world&amp;#039;s most distinguished scientists, engineers, and health care professionals,&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/members our members]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;are essential to the work we do.&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Volunteers&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Each year, approximately 6,000 top experts in their fields — including but not limited to members of the Academies — volunteer their time and extensive knowledge to conduct our policy studies, workshops, symposia, and other activities.&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/volunteers Learn more about our volunteers].&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our History&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;To meet the government&amp;#039;s urgent need for an independent adviser on scientific matters, President Lincoln signed a congressional charter forming theNational Academy of Sciences in 1863. Under the same charter, the Academy eventually expanded to include the National Academy of Engineeringin 1964, and theNational Academy of Medicine, which was established in 1970 as the Institute of Medicine.[http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/history/archives/ Learnmore about our history].&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Give to the Academies&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Although many of our activities are requested and funded by Congress and federal agencies, we do not receive direct appropriations from the federal government. Foundations, the private sector, and philanthropy from individuals enable us to address critical issues on behalf of the nation.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/giving Make a gift to the National Academies].&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;&amp;lt;section id=&amp;quot;sl-three-columns-b4dbebf2-0a3d-48c1-8e3f-bd76e32e015e&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;layout__content&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;What We Do&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;What We Do&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;We marshal knowledge and expertise across disciplines to study complex and sometimes contentious issues, reach consensus based on the evidence, and identify the best path forward.&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Trusted Advice&#039;&#039;&#039;Each year, thousands of the world’s leading experts serve pro bono on study committees that address some of society&#039;s toughest challenges. Our&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/our-study-process rigorous process]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;produces&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications independent, objective reports]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;that present the evidence-based consensus on these issues.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work Learn about our projects]as well as our&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/institutional-policies-and-procedures institutional structure, policies, and procedures].&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Convening Power&#039;&#039;&#039;We advance the conversation around critical issues facing the U.S. and the world, gathering leading thinkers to share the latest research and explore new ideas and solutions.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/events Learn about our events].&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Champions of the Research Enterprise&#039;&#039;&#039;We honor excellence in science, engineering, and medicine, and pursue efforts to strengthen these fields. Learn about the many[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/awards awards]and&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/opportunities fellowships]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;given out by our organization.&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Global Partnerships&#039;&#039;&#039;We collaborate with colleagues from around the world to spur international dialogue on issues that transcend borders.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;[http://sites.nationalacademies.org/International/index.htm Learn more about our international activities].&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;For Sponsors&#039;&#039;&#039;Inform your decisions with the best available evidence, evaluated by leading experts in science, engineering, and medicine.&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/sponsors Learn more]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;about the wide variety of projects, products, and activities the National Academies provider&#039;&#039;&#039;Journals and Periodicals&#039;&#039;&#039;Our&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications prestigious journals and periodicals]&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;such as the&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039;Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Issues in Science and Technology,&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039;and&#039;&#039;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;Transportation Research Record&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&#039;&#039;publish the latest scientific findings and examine a wide range of topics.&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;We marshal knowledge and expertise across disciplines to study complex and sometimes contentious issues, reach consensus based on the evidence, and identify the best path forward.&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Trusted Advice&#039;&#039;&#039;Each year, thousands of the world’s leading experts serve pro bono on study committees that address some of society&#039;s toughest challenges. Our[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/our-study-process rigorous process]produces[https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications independent, objective reports]that present the evidence-based consensus on these issues.[https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work Learn about our projects]as well as our[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/institutional-policies-and-procedures institutional structure, policies, and procedures].&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Convening Power&#039;&#039;&#039;We advance the conversation around critical issues facing the U.S. and the world, gathering leading thinkers to share the latest research and explore new ideas and solutions.[https://www.nationalacademies.org/events Learn about our events].&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Champions of the Research Enterprise&#039;&#039;&#039;We honor excellence in science, engineering, and medicine, and pursue efforts to strengthen these fields. Learn about the many[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/awards awards]and[https://www.nationalacademies.org/opportunities fellowships]given out by our organization.&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Global Partnerships&#039;&#039;&#039;We collaborate with colleagues from around the world to spur international dialogue on issues that transcend borders.[http://sites.nationalacademies.org/International/index.htm Learn more about our international activities].&#039;&#039;&#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;For Sponsors&#039;&#039;&#039;Inform your decisions with the best available evidence, evaluated by leading experts in science, engineering, and medicine.[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/sponsors Learn more]about the wide variety of projects, products, and activities the National Academies provider&#039;&#039;&#039;Journals and Periodicals&#039;&#039;&#039;Our[https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications prestigious journals and periodicals]such as the&#039;&#039;Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Issues in Science and Technology,&#039;&#039;and&#039;&#039;Transportation Research Record&#039;&#039;publish the latest scientific findings and examine a wide range of topics.&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:People of note]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;[[Category:Tobacco control groups]]&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Richardpruen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php?title=NASEM&amp;diff=4238&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Richardpruen: visual edit</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php?title=NASEM&amp;diff=4238&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2020-12-16T16:33:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;visual edit&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 17:33, 16 December 2020&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l1&quot;&gt;Line 1:&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;−&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&amp;lt;section id=&quot;sl-three-columns-ff59390f-12bd-435f-b435-ef23f516d1bb&quot; class=&quot;layout__content&quot;&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;__TOC__&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-side-deleted&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; data-marker=&quot;+&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Who We Are&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Who We Are&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Created to Advise the Nation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine provide independent, objective advice to inform policy with evidence, spark progress and innovation, and confront challenging issues for the benefit of society.[file:///native baseline]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Organization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;The work of the private, nonprofit National Academies is grounded in the expertise of our&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/the-national-academies three honorific societies]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;— the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and National Academy of Medicine (NAM). Most of this work is conducted through&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/organization seven major program areas of the National Academies].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;diff-marker&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Created to Advise the Nation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine provide independent, objective advice to inform policy with evidence, spark progress and innovation, and confront challenging issues for the benefit of society.[file:///native baseline]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Organization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;The work of the private, nonprofit National Academies is grounded in the expertise of our&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/the-national-academies three honorific societies]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;— the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and National Academy of Medicine (NAM). Most of this work is conducted through&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/organization seven major program areas of the National Academies].&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Richardpruen</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php?title=NASEM&amp;diff=4237&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Richardpruen: Created page with &quot;&lt;section id=&quot;sl-three-columns-ff59390f-12bd-435f-b435-ef23f516d1bb&quot; class=&quot;layout__content&quot;&gt; ==&#039;&#039;&#039;Who We Are&#039;&#039;&#039;== &#039;&#039;&#039;Created to Advise the Nation&#039;&#039;&#039;The National Academies of S...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php?title=NASEM&amp;diff=4237&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2020-12-16T16:31:33Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;section id=&amp;quot;sl-three-columns-ff59390f-12bd-435f-b435-ef23f516d1bb&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;layout__content&amp;quot;&amp;gt; ==&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Who We Are&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;== &amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Created to Advise the Nation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The National Academies of S...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;section id=&amp;quot;sl-three-columns-ff59390f-12bd-435f-b435-ef23f516d1bb&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;layout__content&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Who We Are&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Created to Advise the Nation&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine provide independent, objective advice to inform policy with evidence, spark progress and innovation, and confront challenging issues for the benefit of society.[file:///native baseline]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Organization&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;The work of the private, nonprofit National Academies is grounded in the expertise of our&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/the-national-academies three honorific societies]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;— the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and National Academy of Medicine (NAM). Most of this work is conducted through&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/organization seven major program areas of the National Academies].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Leadership&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/leadership Learn more]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;about the presidents of our three Academies and our executive team.Each Academy is governed by its own council elected from the Academy&amp;#039;s membership. The National Research Council, the operating arm of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, is overseen by a governing board that consists councilors from each of the three Academies. [file:///native baseline]&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Members&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Members are elected to the NAS, NAE, or NAM in recognition of outstanding achievements, and membership is considered one of the highest professional honors. Among the world&amp;#039;s most distinguished scientists, engineers, and health care professionals,&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/members our members]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;are essential to the work we do.&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our Volunteers&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Each year, approximately 6,000 top experts in their fields — including but not limited to members of the Academies — volunteer their time and extensive knowledge to conduct our policy studies, workshops, symposia, and other activities.&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/volunteers Learn more about our volunteers].&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our History&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;To meet the government&amp;#039;s urgent need for an independent adviser on scientific matters, President Lincoln signed a congressional charter forming theNational Academy of Sciences in 1863. Under the same charter, the Academy eventually expanded to include the National Academy of Engineeringin 1964, and theNational Academy of Medicine, which was established in 1970 as the Institute of Medicine.[http://www.nasonline.org/about-nas/history/archives/ Learnmore about our history].&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Give to the Academies&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;Although many of our activities are requested and funded by Congress and federal agencies, we do not receive direct appropriations from the federal government. Foundations, the private sector, and philanthropy from individuals enable us to address critical issues on behalf of the nation.&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/giving Make a gift to the National Academies].&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;&amp;lt;section id=&amp;quot;sl-three-columns-b4dbebf2-0a3d-48c1-8e3f-bd76e32e015e&amp;quot; class=&amp;quot;layout__content&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;What We Do&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;==&lt;br /&gt;
We marshal knowledge and expertise across disciplines to study complex and sometimes contentious issues, reach consensus based on the evidence, and identify the best path forward.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Trusted Advice&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Each year, thousands of the world’s leading experts serve pro bono on study committees that address some of society&amp;#039;s toughest challenges. Our&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/our-study-process rigorous process]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;produces&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications independent, objective reports]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;that present the evidence-based consensus on these issues.&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/our-work Learn about our projects]as well as our&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/institutional-policies-and-procedures institutional structure, policies, and procedures].&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Convening Power&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;We advance the conversation around critical issues facing the U.S. and the world, gathering leading thinkers to share the latest research and explore new ideas and solutions.&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/events Learn about our events].&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Champions of the Research Enterprise&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;We honor excellence in science, engineering, and medicine, and pursue efforts to strengthen these fields. Learn about the many[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/awards awards]and&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/opportunities fellowships]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;given out by our organization.&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;Global Partnerships&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;We collaborate with colleagues from around the world to spur international dialogue on issues that transcend borders.&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[http://sites.nationalacademies.org/International/index.htm Learn more about our international activities].&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;br  /&amp;gt;For Sponsors&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Inform your decisions with the best available evidence, evaluated by leading experts in science, engineering, and medicine.&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/about/sponsors Learn more]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;about the wide variety of projects, products, and activities the National Academies provider&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Journals and Periodicals&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Our&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;[https://www.nationalacademies.org/publications prestigious journals and periodicals]&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;such as the&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Issues in Science and Technology,&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;and&amp;#039;&amp;#039;&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;Transportation Research Record&amp;lt;span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;#039;&amp;#039;publish the latest scientific findings and examine a wide range of topics.&amp;lt;/section&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Richardpruen</name></author>
	</entry>
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