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{{short description|Software to use for recording and utilising bibliographic citations (references)}}
{{No citations|date=March 2018}}

'''Reference management software''', '''citation management software''', or '''bibliographic management software''' is software for scholars and authors to use for recording and utilising bibliographic [[citation]]s (references) as well as managing project references either as a company or an individual.<ref name="Francese2013">{{Cite journal |last=Francese |first=Enrico |year=2013 |title=Usage of Reference Management Software at the University of Torino |url=http://leo.cilea.it/index.php/jlis/article/view/8679 |journal=JLIS.it |publisher=University of Florence |volume=4 |issue=1 |doi=10.4403/jlis.it-8679 |access-date=2016-09-09}}</ref> Once a citation has been recorded, it can be used time and again in generating [[bibliography|bibliographies]], such as lists of references in scholarly books, articles and essays. The development of reference management packages has been driven by the rapid expansion of [[scientific literature]].

These software packages normally consist of a [[database]] in which full bibliographic references can be entered, plus a system for generating selective lists of articles in the different formats required by publishers and [[scholarly journal]]s. Modern reference management packages can usually be integrated with [[word processor]]s so that a [[reference list]] in the appropriate format is produced automatically as an article is written, reducing the risk that a cited source is not included in the reference list. They will also have a facility for importing the details of publications from [[bibliographic database]]s.

Reference management software does not do the same job as a [[bibliographic database]], which tries to list all articles published in a particular discipline or group of disciplines. Such bibliographic databases are large and have to be housed on major [[Server (computing)|server]] installations. Reference management software collects a much smaller database, of the publications that have been used or are likely to be used by a particular author or group, and such a database can easily be housed on an individual's [[personal computer]].

Apart from managing references, most reference management software also enables users to search references from online libraries. These online libraries are usually based on [[Z39.50]] public protocol. Users just need to specify the IP address, database name and keywords to start a Z39.50 search. It is quicker and more efficient than a web browser. However, Z39.50 is a little out of date. Some popular scientific websites, such as [[Google Scholar]], [[IEEE Xplore]] and [[arXiv]], do not support the Z39.50 protocol.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}

==Citation creators==
'''Citation creators''' or citation generators are online tools which facilitate the creation of [[Citation|works cited]] and [[bibliographies]]. Citation creators use [[web form]]s to take input and format the output according to guidelines and standards, such as the [[Modern Language Association]]'s [[MLA Style Manual]], [[American Psychological Association]]'s [[APA style]], [[The Chicago Manual of Style]], or [[Turabian]] format. Some citation creators generate only run-time output, while others store the citation data for later use.{{Citation needed|date=October 2014}}


==Reference management software among legal scholars==
A comparison of usage of [[Endnote]], [[RefWorks]], and [[Zotero]] among the legal scholars at the Oxford University Law Faculty was performed by survey. 0% of survey participants used RefWorks; 40% used Endnote; 17% used Zotero, mostly research students. The difficulty of using RefWorks, Endnote, and Zotero by Oxford legal scholars was estimated by the author as well. A comparison of these tools for legal scholars was made across several usage scenarios, including: installing and setting up [[Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities|OSCOLA citation style]]; building a personal legal bibliographic library and using extracting metadata from legal bibliographic databases; generating footnotes and bibliographies for academic publications; using and modifying OSCOLA citation style.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Meredith |first=Sandra |date=2013-01-21 |title=Critical review of referencing software when used with OSCOLA |journal=European Journal of Law and Technology |volume=4 |issue=1 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.2184098 |issn=2042-115X}}</ref>

==Reference management in Wikipedia==
{{Self reference|For instructions how to use citations in Wikipedia, see [[Wikipedia:Inline citation]]}}
[[Wikipedia]], which runs on [[MediaWiki]] software, has built-in tools for the management of references. These tools - in many ways - have the function of reference-management software, in that they:

# automatically number the references
# generate the reference list
# set up links between the component of the citation in the text and the reference list

[[Wikidata]] stores various attributes of scientific journals and journal articles in the main, item, namespace of Wikidata.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources#Scientific,_newspaper_or_magazine_article |title=Help:Sources - Wikidata}}</ref>

Unlike traditional reference-management tools, MediaWiki does not store references in a database constructed to facilitate ease of citation.

==See also==
* [[Comparison of reference management software]]
* [[COinS]] – method to embed bibliographic metadata in the HTML code of web pages
* [[Z39.50]] – international standard client–server, application layer communications protocol for searching and retrieving information from a database over a TCP/IP computer network; widely used in library environments
* [[Reference software]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Cite web |url=https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/doc/1320978/1320978.pdf |title=Reference Management Software Comparison - 6th Update |last=TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN LIBRARY |date=2016-08-04 |access-date=2016-08-09}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.openoffice.org/bibliographic/ |title=Bibliographic |last=Apache OpenOffice |date=2008-11-04 |access-date=2016-09-08}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.docear.org/2013/08/27/off-topic-which-one-is-the-best-reference-management-software-tool/ |title=Which one is the best reference management software? |last=Docear Blog |date=2013-08-27 |access-date=2016-09-08}}
* {{Cite web |url=http://www.docear.org/2013/10/14/what-makes-a-bad-reference-manager/ |title=What makes a '''bad''' reference manager? |last=Docear Blog |date=2013-10-14 |access-date=2016-09-08}}

{{Reference management software}}

[[Category:Reference management software| ]]

Reference management software - Revision history

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91.64.99.100: /* Reference management software among legal scholars */ added links and changed order of products to alphabetical order.