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{{short description|On-demand archiving service}}
{{distinguish|Website}}
{{Self reference|For a guide to using WebCite within Wikipedia, see [[Wikipedia:Using WebCite]]. For the unrelated Wikipedia "cite web" editing tool, see [[Wikipedia:Citation templates]].}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox website
| name = WebCite
| logo = WebCite.svg
| screenshot =
| caption =
| url = {{URL|https://www.webcitation.org/}}
| commercial = No
| type =
| language = English
| registration =
| owner = [[University of Toronto]]<ref name="faq"/>
| author = [[Gunther Eysenbach]]
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|1997}}
| current_status = Online, read-only
| revenue =
}}

'''WebCite''' is an on-demand [[archive site]], designed to digitally preserve scientific and educationally important material on the web by making snapshots of Internet contents as they existed at the time when a blogger or a scholar cited or quoted from it. The preservation service enables verifiability of claims supported by the cited sources even when the original web pages are being revised, removed, or disappear for other reasons, an effect known as [[link rot]].

Sometime between 9 and 17 July 2019, WebCite stopped accepting new archiving requests.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=2019-07-17|title=WebCite 17th July 2019|url=https://webcitation.org/index|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717131123/https://webcitation.org/index|archive-date=July 17, 2019|access-date=2021-01-17}}</ref> As of February 2021, it does not accept new archiving requests, but continues to serve existing archives. As of 19 August 2021, there was a maintenance announcement, and no archived content was accessible; WebCite came back online sometime between then and 8 October 2021.

== Service features ==
All types of web content, including [[HTML]] web pages, [[PDF]] files, [[style sheet (web development)|style sheets]], [[JavaScript]] and [[digital image]]s can be preserved. It also archives [[metadata]] about the collected resources such as access time, [[MIME type]], and content length.

WebCite is a non-profit [[consortium]] supported by publishers and editors,{{who|date=July 2019}} and it can be used by individuals without charge.{{clarify|reason=Does it charge for institutional use?|date=July 2019}} It was one of the first services to offer on-demand archiving of pages, a feature later adopted by many other archiving services, such as [[archive.today]] and the [[Wayback Machine]]. It does not do web page crawling.

== History ==
Conceived in 1997 by [[Gunther Eysenbach]], WebCite was publicly described the following year when an article on Internet [[quality control]] declared that such a service could also measure the [[citation impact]] of web pages.<ref>{{cite journal |last= Eysenbach|first= Gunther |author-link= Gunther Eysenbach|author2=Diepgen, Thomas L. |date = November 28, 1998|title= Towards quality management of medical information on the internet: evaluation, labelling, and filtering of information|journal= [[The BMJ]]|volume= 317|issue= 7171|pages= 1496–1502|issn= 0959-8146|oclc= 206118688|pmid= 9831581|id= BL Shelfmark 2330.000000 |pmc= 1114339 |doi=10.1136/bmj.317.7171.1496}}</ref> In the next year, a pilot service was set up at the address webcite.net. Although it seemed that the need for WebCite decreased when [[Google]]'s ''short term'' copies of web pages began to be offered by [[Google Cache]] and the [[Internet Archive]] expanded their crawling (which started in 1996),<ref name=IA-2013-10>''[http://blog.archive.org/2013/10/25/fixing-broken-links/ Fixing Broken Links on the Internet]'', Internet Archive blog, October 25, 2013.</ref> WebCite was the only one allowing "on-demand" archiving by users. WebCite also offered interfaces to scholarly journals and publishers to automate the archiving of cited links. By 2008, over 200 journals had begun routinely using WebCite.<ref name="JMIR">{{cite journal |last= Eysenbach|first= Gunther |author-link= Gunther Eysenbach|author2=Trudel, Mathieu |year= 2005|title= Going, Going, Still There: Using the WebCite Service to Permanently Archive Cited Web Pages|journal= [[Journal of Medical Internet Research]]|volume= 7|issue= 5|pages= e60|issn= 1438-8871|oclc= 107198227|doi= 10.2196/jmir.7.5.e60|pmid= 16403724 |pmc= 1550686 }} - [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7367740_Going_Going_Still_There_Using_the_WebCite_Service_to_Permanently_Archive_Cited_Web_Pages Profile at] [[Resarchgate]]</ref>

WebCite used to be, but is no longer, a member of the [[International Internet Preservation Consortium]].<ref name="faq">{{Cite web |url=http://www.webcitation.org/faq |via=archive.org |title=WebCite Consortium FAQ |work=WebCitation.org |publisher=WebCite }}</ref> In a 2012 message on Twitter, Eysenbach commented that "WebCite has no funding, and IIPC charges €4000 per year in annual membership fees."<ref>{{cite web |url=https://twitter.com/eysenbach/status/212380809464782849 |title=Twitter post |date=June 11, 2012 |access-date=March 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305130446/https://twitter.com/eysenbach/status/212380809464782849 |archive-date=March 5, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

WebCite "feeds its content" to other [[digital preservation]] projects, including the [[Internet Archive]].<ref name=faq /> [[Lawrence Lessig]], an American academic who writes extensively on copyright and technology, used WebCite in his [[amicus brief|''amicus'' brief]] in the [[Supreme Court of the United States]] case of ''[[MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd.]]''<ref>{{Cite news| last = Cohen| first = Norm| title = Courts Turn to Wikipedia, but Selectively | newspaper = [[The New York Times]]| date = January 29, 2007| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/29/technology/29wikipedia.html}}</ref>

== Fundraising ==
WebCite ran a fund-raising campaign using [[FundRazr]] from January 2013 with a target of $22,500, a sum which its operators stated was needed to maintain and modernize the service beyond the end of 2013.<ref name=funding>{{cite web |title= Fund WebCite|publisher= [[Wikimedia Foundation]] |url= http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WebCite |access-date= December 6, 2013 }}</ref> This includes relocating the service to [[Amazon EC2]] cloud hosting and legal support. {{As of | 2013}} it remained undecided whether WebCite would continue as a non-profit or as a for-profit entity.<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.givewell.org/files/conversations/Webcite%20conversation%20notes%20(public).pdf
|publisher = [[GiveWell]]
|access-date = October 18, 2009
|title = Conversation between GiveWell and Webcite on 4/10/13
|quote = Dr. Eysenbach is trying to decide whether Webcite should continue as a non-profit project or a business with revenue streams built into the system.
}}
</ref>

== Usage ==
WebCite allows on-demand prospective archiving. It is not crawler-based; pages are only archived if the citing author or publisher requests it. No cached copy will appear in a WebCite search unless the author or another person has specifically cached it beforehand.

To initiate the caching and archiving of a page, an author may use WebCite's "archive" menu option or use a WebCite [[bookmarklet]] that will allow web surfers to cache pages just by clicking a button in their bookmarks folder.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180211164104/http://www.webcitation.org/doc/WebCiteBestPracticesGuide.pdf WebCite Best Practices Guide .pdf]</ref>

One can retrieve or cite archived pages through a transparent format such as

: <code><nowiki>http://webcitation.org/query?url=URL&date=DATE</nowiki></code>

where <code>URL</code> is the URL that was archived, and <code>DATE</code> indicates the caching date. For example,

: <code>http://webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMain_Page&date=2008-03-04</code>

or the alternate short form <code>http://webcitation.org/5W56XTY5h</code>
retrieves an archived copy of the URL <code>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page</code> that is closest to the date of March 4, 2008. The ID (5W56XTY5h) is the [[UNIX time]] in [[base 62]].

WebCite does not work for pages which contain a [[no-cache tag]]. WebCite respects the author's request to not have their web page cached.

One can archive a page by simply navigating in their browser to a link formatted like this:

: <code><nowiki>http://webcitation.org/archive?url=</nowiki>''urltoarchive''<nowiki>&email=</nowiki>''youremail''</code>

Compared to [[Wayback Machine]]
: <code><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/</nowiki>''urltoarchive''</code>

replacing ''<code>urltoarchive</code>'' with the full URL of the page to be archived, and ''<code>youremail</code>'' with their e-mail address. This is how the WebCite [[bookmarklet]] works.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.webcitation.org/bookmarklet |title=WebCite Bookmarklet |work=WebCitation.org |publisher=WebCite |access-date=May 14, 2017 }}</ref>

Once archived on WebCite, users can try to create an independent second-level backup copy of the starting URL, saving a second time the new WebCite's domain URL on [[Internet Archive|web.archive.org]], and on [[archive.is]]. Users can more conveniently do this using a browser add-on for archiving.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/rahiel/archiveror |title=GitHub – rahiel/archiveror: Archiveror will help you preserve the webpages you love. |website=GitHub |access-date=December 12, 2018}}</ref>

== Business model ==
The term "WebCite" is a registered trademark.<ref name=wc_license>{{Cite web |url=http://webcitation.org/license |title=WebCite Legal and Copyright Information |work=WebCitation.org |publisher=WebCite |access-date=June 16, 2009 }}</ref> WebCite does not charge individual users, journal editors and publishers<ref name=wc_MEMBERS>{{Cite web |url=http://webcitation.org/members |title=WebCite Member List |work=WebCitation.org |publisher=WebCite Consortium |quote=Membership is currently free |access-date=June 16, 2009 }}</ref> any fee to use their service. WebCite earns revenue from publishers who want to "have their publications analyzed and cited webreferences archived",<ref name="faq"/> and accepts donations. Early support was from the [[University of Toronto]].<ref name="faq"/>

== Copyright issues ==
WebCite maintains the legal position that its archiving activities<ref name="JMIR"/> are allowed by the copyright doctrines of [[fair use]] and [[implied license]].<ref name="faq"/> To support the fair use argument, WebCite notes that its archived copies are [[Transformativeness|transformative]], socially valuable for academic research, and not harmful to the market value of any copyrighted work.<ref name="faq"/> WebCite argues that caching and archiving web pages is not considered a copyright infringement when the archiver offers the copyright owner an opportunity to "opt-out" of the archive system, thus creating an implied license.<ref name="faq"/> To that end, WebCite will not archive in violation of Web site "do-not-cache" and "no-archive" [[metadata]], as well as [[robot exclusion standard]]s, the absence of which creates an "[[implied license]]" for web archive services to preserve the content.<ref name="faq"/>

In a similar case involving [[Google]]'s web caching activities, on January 19, 2006, the [[United States District Court for the District of Nevada]] agreed with that argument in the case of ''[[Field v. Google]]'' (CV-S-04-0413-RCJ-LRL), holding that fair use and an "implied license" meant that Google's caching of Web pages did not constitute copyright violation.<ref name="faq"/> The "implied license" referred to general Internet standards.<ref name="faq"/>

===DMCA requests===
According to their policy, after receiving legitimate [[DMCA]] requests from the copyright holders, WebCite removes saved pages from public access, as the archived pages are still under the safe harbor of being citations. The pages are removed to a "dark archive" and in cases of legal controversies or evidence requests there is pay-per-view access of "$200 (up to 5 snapshots) plus $100 for each further 10 snapshots" to the copyrighted content.<ref>{{Cite web |url= https://www.webcitation.org/policy.php |title=WebCite takedown requests policy |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422075627/https://www.webcitation.org/policy.php| archive-date=2021-04-22 | work=WebCitation.org |publisher=WebCite |access-date=May 14, 2017 }}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Internet}}
* [[Archive.today]]
* [[Perma.cc]]
* [[Wayback Machine]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{Official website}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Webcite}}
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2004]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2003]]
[[Category:Web archiving initiatives]]

WebCite - Revision history

Richardpruen: 1 revision imported

Wikipedia>TheImaCow: Reverted 1 edit by 2A01:C22:B808:D600:9091:4B48:5DAB:B316 (talk): Not "gone", site is still usable