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Nicotine therapeutic benefits: Difference between revisions

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===1996 [https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-00468-019 Depression and smoking cessation: Characteristics of depressed smokers and effects of nicotine replacement.]===  
===1996 [https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-00468-019 Depression and smoking cessation: Characteristics of depressed smokers and effects of nicotine replacement.]===  
*
*Depressed smokers relapsed significantly earlier than the nondepressed. Nicotine gum was significantly more effective than placebo gum among all smokers. The benefits of nicotine gum were particularly apparent among the depressed. Only 12.5% of depressed smokers quit successfully with placebo gum for 3 months, whereas 29.5% quit with nicotine gum. Depressed smokers reported more stress, less coping resources, more physical and psychological symptoms, and more frequent smoking in the presence of negative affect than did the nondepressed.
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1037/0022-006X.64.4.791 PDF Version]
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1037/0022-006X.64.4.791 PDF Version]
*Citation:
**Citation: Kinnunen, T., Doherty, K., Militello, F. S., & Garvey, A. J. (1996). Depression and smoking cessation: Characteristics of depressed smokers and effects of nicotine replacement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(4), 791–798. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.4.791


===1995 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8619011/ Effects of transderman nicotine on mood and sleep in nonsmoking major depressed patients]===  
===1995 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8619011/ Effects of transderman nicotine on mood and sleep in nonsmoking major depressed patients]===  
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* Citation: McConville BJ, Sanberg PR, Fogelson MH, King J, Cirino P, Parker KW, Norman AB. The effects of nicotine plus haloperidol compared to nicotine only and placebo nicotine only in reducing tic severity and frequency in Tourette's disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1992 Apr 15;31(8):832-40. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90315-q. PMID: 1643197.
* Citation: McConville BJ, Sanberg PR, Fogelson MH, King J, Cirino P, Parker KW, Norman AB. The effects of nicotine plus haloperidol compared to nicotine only and placebo nicotine only in reducing tic severity and frequency in Tourette's disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1992 Apr 15;31(8):832-40. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(92)90315-q. PMID: 1643197.
*Acknowledgements: Supported in part by grants from the Smokeless Tobacco Research Council, Inc., the Tourette Syndrome Association, and Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. The authors thank Roger Stuebing, B.S.M.E., M.S.I.E., and Sunny Y. Lu, M.D., Ph.D. for statistical advice and Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals for supplying both Nicoreue® gum and placebo nicotine gum.
*Acknowledgements: Supported in part by grants from the Smokeless Tobacco Research Council, Inc., the Tourette Syndrome Association, and Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. The authors thank Roger Stuebing, B.S.M.E., M.S.I.E., and Sunny Y. Lu, M.D., Ph.D. for statistical advice and Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals for supplying both Nicoreue® gum and placebo nicotine gum.
='''Weight Loss / Appetite Control / Metabolism / Obesity'''=
===2024 Article [https://web.archive.org/web/20241204102835/https://tobaccoreporter.com/2024/12/03/slim-chances/ Harm reduction, smoking cessation and weight]====
*"Nicotine influences eating and weight in multiple ways, from hormones to microbiomes to taste perceptions. The bottom line: Nicotine raises the metabolic rate while also depressing appetite."
===2021: [https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub4/full Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation]===
*There was moderate‐certainty that NRT reduced weight at end of treatment and moderate‐certainty that the effect may be similar at 12 months, although the estimates are too imprecise to assess long‐term benefit.
**Citation: Hartmann-Boyce J, Theodoulou A, Farley A, Hajek P, Lycett D, Jones LL, Kudlek L, Heath L, Hajizadeh A, Schenkels M, Aveyard P. Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD006219. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub4. Accessed 03 July 2025.
***[https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub4/information Acknowledgement]
===2011 [https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1479-5876-9-129 Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity and ulcerative colitis]===
*Nicotine, the principal addictive constituent of tobacco, has been shown to suppress appetite and attenuates obesity in many studies, but the underlying mechanism is not clear.
*Low-grade inflammation is a key feature of obesity and links obesity to insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and even diabetes.
*Overall, these findings suggest that nicotine and specific α7nAChR agonists may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. However, there is also evidence that heavy smoking affects body fat distribution that is associated with central obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, smoking appears to aggravate insulin resistance in persons with type 2 diabetes and to impair glycemic control.
*Much work remains in terms of understanding the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity-related inflammation and ulcerative colitis. However, it is now known that the α7nAChR plays a major role in the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine and nicotine attenuates inflammation in both obesity and ulcerative colitis. Since the inflammatory response is an integral process in both obesity and ulcerative colitis, controlling the inflammatory response could ameliorate tissue damage.
**Citation: Lakhan, S.E., Kirchgessner, A. Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity and ulcerative colitis. J Transl Med 9, 129 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-9-129
***Acknowledgement: This development of this work was supported by the Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation (GNIF).
===2004: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC526783/ Nicotine as Therapy]===
*Yet few of the horrendous health effects of smoking are traceable to nicotine itself—cigarettes contain nearly 4,000 other compounds that play a role. Until recently, nicotine research has been driven primarily by nicotine's unparalleled power to keep people smoking, rather than its potential therapeutic uses.
*There's a cheap, common, and mostly safe drug, in daily use for centuries by hundreds of millions of people, that only lately has been investigated for its therapeutic potential for a long list of common ills. The list includes Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, depression and anxiety, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and even pain and obesity.
*People with depressive-spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and adult ADHD tend to smoke heavily, which suggested to researchers that nicotine may soothe their symptoms. Common to all these disorders is a failure of attention, an inability to concentrate on particular stimuli and screen out the rest. Nicotine helps.
*Researchers at the National Institute on Drug Abuse have shown via functional magnetic resonance imaging that nicotine activates specific brain areas during tasks that demand attention
**Citation: Powledge TM. Nicotine as therapy. PLoS Biol. 2004 Nov;2(11):e404. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020404. Epub 2004 Nov 16. PMID: 15547644; PMCID: PMC526783
***Acknowledgement: None stated
===1991 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1859921/ Beneficial effects of nicotine]===
* When chronically taken, nicotine may result in reduction of body weight
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01810.x PDF version]
**Citation: Jarvik ME. Beneficial effects of nicotine. Br J Addict. 1991 May;86(5):571-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01810.x. PMID: 1859921.
***Acknowledgement: Supported by U. C. Tobacco-related Disease program, grant # RT87 and a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
<br>


='''Suggested additions to this page'''=  
='''Suggested additions to this page'''=  
===2021: [https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub4/full Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation]===
*There was moderate‐certainty that NRT reduced weight at end of treatment and moderate‐certainty that the effect may be similar at 12 months, although the estimates are too imprecise to assess long‐term benefit.
===2925: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12890-025-04071-4 Modulatory roles of the vagus nerve and nicotine in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats]===


===2021: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12640-021-00375-5 Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson’s Disease]===
===2021: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12640-021-00375-5 Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson’s Disease]===
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===2019: [https://medium.com/parkinsons-uk/protecting-brain-cells-the-story-of-nicotine-b3b51f5b8259 Protecting brain cells — the story of nicotine]===
===2019: [https://medium.com/parkinsons-uk/protecting-brain-cells-the-story-of-nicotine-b3b51f5b8259 Protecting brain cells — the story of nicotine]===
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20221021040501/https://www.parkinsons.org.uk/nicotine-good-bad-and-ugly Nicotine - Good, Bad, Ugly]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20221021040501/https://www.parkinsons.org.uk/nicotine-good-bad-and-ugly Nicotine - Good, Bad, Ugly]
===2018: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29770521/ Nicotine-mediated neuroprotection of rat spinal networks against excitotoxicity]===


===2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940486 Moist smokeless tobacco (Snus) use and risk of Parkinson's disease]===  
===2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27940486 Moist smokeless tobacco (Snus) use and risk of Parkinson's disease]===  
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===[https://docs.google.com/document/d/13-D2q1P0KpmZuoFBkKV4l9wUEQ-zcHfp6MAVJGoAaG4/edit?usp=sharing INNCO's List smoking cessation]===  
===[https://docs.google.com/document/d/13-D2q1P0KpmZuoFBkKV4l9wUEQ-zcHfp6MAVJGoAaG4/edit?usp=sharing INNCO's List smoking cessation]===  


Started: continue @ “Among smokers who have attempted to stop without professional support, those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to report continued abstinence than those who used a licensed NRT products [i.e., nicotine patches, gum or lozenges].”
Started: continue @ “Among smokers who have attempted to stop without professional support, those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to report continued abstinence than those who used a licensed NRT products [i.e., nicotine patches, gum or lozenges].”
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*Citation: D.E. Moss, Patricia Z. Manderscheid, S.P. Montgomery, Andrew B. Norman, Paul R. Sanberg, Nicotine and cannabinoids as adjuncts to neuroleptics in the treatment of tourette syndrome and other motor disorders, Life Sciences, Volume 44, Issue 21, 1989, Pages 1521-1525, ISSN 0024-3205, doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(89)90444-X.
*Citation: D.E. Moss, Patricia Z. Manderscheid, S.P. Montgomery, Andrew B. Norman, Paul R. Sanberg, Nicotine and cannabinoids as adjuncts to neuroleptics in the treatment of tourette syndrome and other motor disorders, Life Sciences, Volume 44, Issue 21, 1989, Pages 1521-1525, ISSN 0024-3205, doi.org/10.1016/0024-3205(89)90444-X.
*Acknowledgements: Supported in part by NIMH (RR 08012) and NIDA. Levonantradol and fluphenazine HCL were generous gifts from Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (Groton, Conn.) and E.R. Squibb and Sons (Princeton, N.J.), respectively.
*Acknowledgements: Supported in part by NIMH (RR 08012) and NIDA. Levonantradol and fluphenazine HCL were generous gifts from Pfizer Pharmaceuticals (Groton, Conn.) and E.R. Squibb and Sons (Princeton, N.J.), respectively.
<br>
='''Weight Loss / Appetite Control / Metabolism / Obesity'''=
===2024 Article [https://web.archive.org/web/20241204102835/https://tobaccoreporter.com/2024/12/03/slim-chances/ Harm reduction, smoking cessation and weight]====
*"Nicotine influences eating and weight in multiple ways, from hormones to microbiomes to taste perceptions. The bottom line: Nicotine raises the metabolic rate while also depressing appetite."
===2021: [https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub4/full Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation]===
*There was moderate‐certainty that NRT reduced weight at end of treatment and moderate‐certainty that the effect may be similar at 12 months, although the estimates are too imprecise to assess long‐term benefit.
**Citation: Hartmann-Boyce J, Theodoulou A, Farley A, Hajek P, Lycett D, Jones LL, Kudlek L, Heath L, Hajizadeh A, Schenkels M, Aveyard P. Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD006219. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub4. Accessed 03 July 2025.
***[https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub4/information Acknowledgement]
===2011 [https://translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1479-5876-9-129 Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity and ulcerative colitis]===
*Nicotine, the principal addictive constituent of tobacco, has been shown to suppress appetite and attenuates obesity in many studies, but the underlying mechanism is not clear.
*Low-grade inflammation is a key feature of obesity and links obesity to insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and even diabetes.
*Overall, these findings suggest that nicotine and specific α7nAChR agonists may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. However, there is also evidence that heavy smoking affects body fat distribution that is associated with central obesity and insulin resistance. Moreover, smoking appears to aggravate insulin resistance in persons with type 2 diabetes and to impair glycemic control.
*Much work remains in terms of understanding the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity-related inflammation and ulcerative colitis. However, it is now known that the α7nAChR plays a major role in the anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine and nicotine attenuates inflammation in both obesity and ulcerative colitis. Since the inflammatory response is an integral process in both obesity and ulcerative colitis, controlling the inflammatory response could ameliorate tissue damage.
**Citation: Lakhan, S.E., Kirchgessner, A. Anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine in obesity and ulcerative colitis. J Transl Med 9, 129 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5876-9-129
***Acknowledgement: This development of this work was supported by the Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation (GNIF).
===2004: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC526783/ Nicotine as Therapy]===
*Yet few of the horrendous health effects of smoking are traceable to nicotine itself—cigarettes contain nearly 4,000 other compounds that play a role. Until recently, nicotine research has been driven primarily by nicotine's unparalleled power to keep people smoking, rather than its potential therapeutic uses.
*There's a cheap, common, and mostly safe drug, in daily use for centuries by hundreds of millions of people, that only lately has been investigated for its therapeutic potential for a long list of common ills. The list includes Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, depression and anxiety, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and even pain and obesity.
*People with depressive-spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, and adult ADHD tend to smoke heavily, which suggested to researchers that nicotine may soothe their symptoms. Common to all these disorders is a failure of attention, an inability to concentrate on particular stimuli and screen out the rest. Nicotine helps.
*Researchers at the National Institute on Drug Abuse have shown via functional magnetic resonance imaging that nicotine activates specific brain areas during tasks that demand attention
**Citation: Powledge TM. Nicotine as therapy. PLoS Biol. 2004 Nov;2(11):e404. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0020404. Epub 2004 Nov 16. PMID: 15547644; PMCID: PMC526783
***Acknowledgement: None stated
===1991 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1859921/ Beneficial effects of nicotine]===
* When chronically taken, nicotine may result in reduction of body weight
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01810.x PDF version]
**Citation: Jarvik ME. Beneficial effects of nicotine. Br J Addict. 1991 May;86(5):571-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01810.x. PMID: 1859921.
***Acknowledgement: Supported by U. C. Tobacco-related Disease program, grant # RT87 and a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
<br>
='''Suggested additions to this page'''=
===2021: [https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub4/full Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation]===
*There was moderate‐certainty that NRT reduced weight at end of treatment and moderate‐certainty that the effect may be similar at 12 months, although the estimates are too imprecise to assess long‐term benefit.


===2021: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12640-021-00375-5 Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson’s Disease]===
===2021: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12640-021-00375-5 Novel Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson’s Disease]===
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====2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7404387/ Allosterism of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Therapeutic Potential for Neuroinflammation Underlying Brain Trauma and Degenerative Disorders]====
====2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7404387/ Allosterism of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Therapeutic Potential for Neuroinflammation Underlying Brain Trauma and Degenerative Disorders]====


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