Nicotine - Older Adults (50+): Difference between revisions

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*Those who suffer multiple forms of stigmatisation and feel devalued in society find it harder than higher status, socially valued individuals to change health behaviours, lacking resources and social encouragement to do so. The deprioritisation of older smokers is a symptom of institutionalised ageism, which must be addressed systematically to apply the tenets of health equity and inclusion in our work. Across all areas of tobacco control, we must do better by our elders.

**Citation: McAfee T, Malone RE, Cataldo J, Ignoring our elders: tobacco control’s forgotten health equity issue. Tobacco Control 2021;30:479-480.

===2021: [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9122748/ Age-Related Interactions on Key Theoretical Determinants of Smoking Cessation: Findings from the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys (2016–2020)]===

*Younger smokers were more likely to be abstinent for 6 months if they had reported more immediate plans to quit, while older smokers were less likely to be successful if they indicated short-term plans to quit. The age-stratified analysis for smoking abstinence (Table 3) showed that lower HSI [Heaviness of Smoking Index] predicted smoking abstinence in those under 40 but not in those 40 or older. Lower degrees of wanting to quit and to a lesser extent, planning to quit were also associated with abstinence in the older age group with reverse trends, albeit nonsignificant, for younger smokers. Quit efficacy was associated with success in the older age group only. Most associations remained consistent for 6-month smoking abstinence.

**Citation: Le Grande M, Borland R, Yong HH, McNeill A, Fong G, Cummings KM. Age-Related Interactions on Key Theoretical Determinants of Smoking Cessation: Findings from the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys (2016-2020). Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Mar 26;24(5):679-689. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab230. PMID: 34755869; PMCID: PMC9122748.

***Acknowledgement: The ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Project in Australia, Canada, US, and England was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (APP1106451), US National Cancer Institute (P01CA200512), and Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148477). GTF was supported by a Senior Investigator Grant from the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. GTF has served as an expert witness on behalf of governments in litigation involving the tobacco industry. KMC has been a consultant and received grant funding from the Pfizer Inc. in the past 5 years. K.M.C has also been a paid expert witness in litigation against the tobacco industry. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

===2020: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0085253815469595 Tobacco, hypertension, and vascular disease: Risk factors for renal functional decline in an older population]===

@@ Line 46: / Line 46: @@
 *Those who suffer multiple forms of stigmatisation and feel devalued in society find it harder than higher status, socially valued individuals to change health behaviours, lacking resources and social encouragement to do so. The deprioritisation of older smokers is a symptom of institutionalised ageism, which must be addressed systematically to apply the tenets of health equity and inclusion in our work. Across all areas of tobacco control, we must do better by our elders.
 **Citation: McAfee T, Malone RE, Cataldo J, Ignoring our elders: tobacco control’s forgotten health equity issue. Tobacco Control 2021;30:479-480.
+===2021: [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9122748/ Age-Related Interactions on Key Theoretical Determinants of Smoking Cessation: Findings from the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys (2016–2020)]===
+*Younger smokers were more likely to be abstinent for 6 months if they had reported more immediate plans to quit, while older smokers were less likely to be successful if they indicated short-term plans to quit. The age-stratified analysis for smoking abstinence (Table 3) showed that lower HSI [Heaviness of Smoking Index] predicted smoking abstinence in those under 40 but not in those 40 or older. Lower degrees of wanting to quit and to a lesser extent, planning to quit were also associated with abstinence in the older age group with reverse trends, albeit nonsignificant, for younger smokers. Quit efficacy was associated with success in the older age group only. Most associations remained consistent for 6-month smoking abstinence.
+**Citation: Le Grande M, Borland R, Yong HH, McNeill A, Fong G, Cummings KM. Age-Related Interactions on Key Theoretical Determinants of Smoking Cessation: Findings from the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys (2016-2020). Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Mar 26;24(5):679-689. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntab230. PMID: 34755869; PMCID: PMC9122748.
+***Acknowledgement: The ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Project in Australia, Canada, US, and England was supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (APP1106451), US National Cancer Institute (P01CA200512), and Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FDN-148477). GTF was supported by a Senior Investigator Grant from the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research. GTF has served as an expert witness on behalf of governments in litigation involving the tobacco industry. KMC has been a consultant and received grant funding from the Pfizer Inc. in the past 5 years. K.M.C has also been a paid expert witness in litigation against the tobacco industry. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
 ===2020: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0085253815469595 Tobacco, hypertension, and vascular disease: Risk factors for renal functional decline in an older population]===