|
|
| Line 96: |
Line 96: |
| *"The problem with these studies is disentangling the effects of a smoking career (something more complicated than adjusting for current-, former-, never-smoking status) and subsequent vaping behaviour. Also, the relationships are complicated by reverse causation (was the vaping a response to smoking-induced respiratory symptoms?), a hard-to-define counterfactual (has the vaping displaced smoking or displaced abstinence?), and the fact that respiratory damage arises from cumulative exposure and vaping exposures may be adding incremental risk (would the subject have any symptoms if they hadn't smoked first?)." (Bates) | | *"The problem with these studies is disentangling the effects of a smoking career (something more complicated than adjusting for current-, former-, never-smoking status) and subsequent vaping behaviour. Also, the relationships are complicated by reverse causation (was the vaping a response to smoking-induced respiratory symptoms?), a hard-to-define counterfactual (has the vaping displaced smoking or displaced abstinence?), and the fact that respiratory damage arises from cumulative exposure and vaping exposures may be adding incremental risk (would the subject have any symptoms if they hadn't smoked first?)." (Bates) |
| *Referring to: Varella MH, Andrade OA, Shaffer SM, Castro G, Rodriguez P, Barengo NC, Acuna JM. E-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in residents of the United States: A BRFSS report. PLoS One. 2022 Dec 1;17(12):e0269760. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269760. PMID: 36454742; PMCID: PMC9714717. | | *Referring to: Varella MH, Andrade OA, Shaffer SM, Castro G, Rodriguez P, Barengo NC, Acuna JM. E-cigarette use and respiratory symptoms in residents of the United States: A BRFSS report. PLoS One. 2022 Dec 1;17(12):e0269760. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269760. PMID: 36454742; PMCID: PMC9714717. |
|
| |
| ===2020-2022: [https://pubpeer.com/publications/E4180AE40B2A0F076D7D07CE0B7961 Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Myocardial Infarction]===
| |
| *Multiple comments:
| |
| **"The study by Alzahrani et al. used data from the National Health Interview Survey, which contains no information about when participants started to smoke or vape, and when they were diagnosed with a myocardial infarction." (Rodu)
| |
| **"E-cigarettes first appeared in the US at about 2009 and their use picked up from about 2013. In the cohorts from 2014 and 2016 that this study used, most participants with a history of MI can be expected to have had their MI before they tried e-cigarettes...The authors’ conclusions are thus misleading on an important public health issue. The article has been used e.g. to claim that vaping increases risk of cardiovascular disease by the WHO Director Ghebreyesus (DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31730-1). The data that the paper reports show no such thing." (Hajek)
| |
| *See also: [https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(21)00290-7/fulltext 2021]
| |
| **"Alzahrani and colleagues rightly point out that their models test for and thus demonstrate statistically independent effects of smoking and vaping, but if vaping and smoking are not actually independent contributors to identifying MI occurrence—that is, if the association between e-cigarette use and MI occurrence varies as a function of combustible cigarette use—then the main-effects model cannot be used to draw conclusions about the association between e-cigarette use and MI, independent of (or regardless of) one's history of combustible cigarette use." (Critcher, Siegel)
| |
| *See also: [https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.amepre.2019.03.012 2019]
| |
| **"As the debate on the risks−benefits of electronic-cigarettes continues, a rigorous evidence base is critical. Although determining whether the use of e-cigarettes carries excess risk for future MI is important, it is not possible through the analysis of cross-sectional data, such as the National Health Interview Survey data, from which temporality cannot be inferred. Equally important, we were unable to replicate the authors’ findings. Given the importance of this topic to public health, we request that the authors provide a full and comprehensive explanation for the discrepancies noted and temper their conclusions about “increased risk of myocardial infarction” to reflect the limitations of cross-sectional data." (Bover Manderski, Delnevo)
| |
| *See also: [https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.11.013 2018]
| |
| **"Our findings show the well-established limitations of cross-sectional studies, which cannot justify any claims about causal inference, as mentioned in the conclusion by Alzahrani and colleagues.1 Therefore, the conclusion of their study is incorrect and should be revised." (Farsalinos, Niaura)
| |
| *Referring to: Alzahrani T, Pena I, Temesgen N, Glantz SA. Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Myocardial Infarction. Am J Prev Med. 2018 Oct;55(4):455-461. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.05.004. Epub 2018 Aug 22. Erratum in: Am J Prev Med. 2019 Oct;57(4):579-584. PMID: 30166079; PMCID: PMC6208321.
| |
|
| |
|
| ===2020: [https://pubpeer.com/publications/CEB008BBD48F89272321EB50092793 Association Between Youth Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and COVID-19]=== | | ===2020: [https://pubpeer.com/publications/CEB008BBD48F89272321EB50092793 Association Between Youth Smoking, Electronic Cigarette Use, and COVID-19]=== |
