Safer nicotine wiki

Myth: Alternative nicotine products don't help people stop smoking: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Myth: Alternative nicotine products don't help people stop smoking (view source)

Revision as of 06:44, 20 January 2024

10,565 bytes removed ,  4 months ago
→‎Studies - Not Catagorized
VisualWikitext
Line 1,065: Line 1,065:


=Studies - Not Catagorized=
=Studies - Not Catagorized=
===2015: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4464650/ Electronic Cigarettes Efficacy and Safety at 12 Months: Cohort Study]===
*Follow-up data were available for 236 e-smokers, 491 tobacco smokers, and 232 dual smokers (overall response rate 70.8%). All e-smokers were tobacco ex-smokers. At 12 months, 61.9% of the e-smokers were still abstinent from tobacco smoking; 20.6% of the tobacco smokers and 22.0% of the dual smokers achieved tobacco abstinence. Adjusting for potential confounders, tobacco smoking abstinence or cessation remained significantly more likely among e-smokers...
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4464650/pdf/pone.0129443.pdf PDF Version]
===2014: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4171752/ Real-world effectiveness of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation: a cross-sectional population study]===
*Conclusion: “Among smokers who have attempted to stop without professional support, those who use e-cigarettes are more likely to report continued abstinence than those who used a licensed NRT product bought over-the-counter or no aid to cessation. This difference persists after adjusting for a range of smoker characteristics such as nicotine dependence.”
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4171752/pdf/add0109-1531.pdf PDF Version]
===2014: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4245610/ Effectiveness of the Electronic Cigarette: An Eight-Week Flemish Study with Six-Month Follow-up on Smoking Reduction, Craving and Experienced Benefits and Complaints]===
*When people, ready to switch to an e-cig, are severely restricted in terms of accessibility of nicotine-containing e-liquids, the success of e-cigs may be endangered. For the e-cig to be and remain successful, it is important that people have easy access to nicotine containing e-liquids.
*“In a series of controlled lab sessions with e-cig-naïve tobacco smokers, second-generation e-cigs were shown to be immediately and highly effective in reducing abstinence-induced cigarette craving and withdrawal symptoms, while not resulting in increases in eCO. Ad libitum use of e-cigs—in between and until six months after the lab sessions—resulted in remarkable reductions in or (biologically confirmed) complete abstinence from tobacco smoking in almost half of the participants who had no intention to quit smoking. Eight months after the start of the study 21% of all participants were completely abstinent from tobacco cigarettes. Similar reduction/cessation rates were obtained with guided versus non-guided switching to e-cigs. Part of the observed efficacy of e-cigs in this study may be related to the fact that they allowed to maintain relatively high blood nicotine levels and showed an excellent experienced benefits/complaints ratio, especially in comparison with continued tobacco smoking”...
*E-cigarette is an attractive long-term alternative and safer source of nicotine to conventional cigarette. Since their invention in 2003, there has been constant innovation and development of more efficient and appealing products. Here we show for the first time that second generation PVs can substantially decrease cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects in smokers not intending to quit. Moreover, overall participants’ perception and acceptance of these products was very good, in particular for those who quit or reduced smoking. Compared to our earlier work with first generation “cig-alikes”, technical problems and difficulties in use familiarization with second generation PVs were negligible. Improved products reliability and attractiveness might have contributed to the very low number of study failures and lost to follow-up and high success rates thus confirming the notion that these products are attractive substitutes for conventional cigarettes. Although large and carefully conducted RCTs will be required to confirm these preliminary encouraging observations, the notion that second generation PVs can substantially decrease cigarette consumption in smokers not intending to quit should be taken into consideration by regulatory authorities seeking to adopt proportional measures for the vapour category
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4245610/pdf/ijerph-11-11220.pdf PDF Version]
===2014: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4247211/ Success rates with nicotine personal vaporizers: a prospective 6-month pilot study of smokers not intending to quit]===
*Complete tobacco cessation is the best outcome for smokers, but the powerful addictive qualities of nicotine and of the ritualistic behavior of smoking create a huge hurdle, even for those with a strong desire to quit. Tobacco harm reduction (THR), the substitution of low-risk nicotine products for cigarette smoking, is a realistic strategy for smokers who have difficulty quitting. E-cigarettes are the newest and most promising products for THR. This approach has been recently exploited to reduce or reverse the burden of harm in smokers with mental health disorders and chronic airway disease.
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4247211/pdf/12889_2014_Article_7263.pdf PDF Version]
===2014: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025024/ Characteristics, Perceived Side Effects and Benefits of Electronic Cigarette Use: A Worldwide Survey of More than 19,000 Consumers]===
*The main results of this survey indicate that ECs may be an effective substitute for smoking even in highly dependent subjects who are heavy smokers. Significant benefits are experienced by these people in physiologic functions and in some disease conditions, with former smokers (those who completely substituted smoking with EC use) being more likely to report such beneficial effects.
*Both former and current smokers initiated EC use with high nicotine-containing liquids. More than one-fifth of the population initiated use with more than 20 mg/mL nicotine concentration, with higher prevalence in former smokers, supporting the hypothesis that nicotine plays an important role in the success of ECs as smoking substitutes. This can be attributed to the lower nicotine absorption from EC use compared to smoking. Such repeated observations should be taken into consideration by the regulatory authorities.
*The most important reasons for participants to initiate ECs were to reduce or completely quit smoking and to reduce exposure of family members to second-hand smoking. It seems that these subjects are well-informed about the adverse health effects of smoking and are willing to try an alternative product which they consider less harmful.
*In conclusion, in this large sample of dedicated EC users, it seems that ECs are used as long-term substitutes to smoking. They can be effective even in subjects who are highly dependent on smoking and are heavy smokers. Mild temporary side-effects and significant benefits are reported by this population. Motivation for using ECs comes from their expected less harmful potential compared to smoking.
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025024/pdf/ijerph-11-04356.pdf PDF Version]
===2014: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4511704/ Reasons for quitting cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette use for cessation help]===
*Thus, this may be the first study to suggest that smokers who want to quit smoking for immediate, extrinsic rewards may be attracted to use e-cigarettes to stop smoking cigarettes than smokers who want to quit smoking for intrinsic reasons such as health concerns. In conclusion, e-cigarettes appear to provide a “smoking” alternative to a section of cigarette smokers who may not quit smoking for health reasons. Public health efforts may need to consider employing e-cigarettes to promote tobacco-related harm reduction.
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4511704/pdf/nihms676311.pdf PDF Version]
===2014: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/17/2/245/1258995 Cigarette Users’ Interest in Using or Switching to Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) for Smokeless Tobacco for Harm Reduction, Cessation, or Novelty: A Cross-Sectional Survey of US Adults]===
*This study highlights higher interest in ENDS versus smokeless tobacco and greater interest in both for harm reduction and cessation than due to novelty or smoking restrictions. Developing educational campaigns and informing practitioners about caveats around ENDS as cessation or harm reduction aids are critical.
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1093/ntr/ntu103 PDF Version]
===2013: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24029165/ Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial]===
*657 people were randomised (289 to nicotine e-cigarettes, 295 to patches, and 73 to placebo e-cigarettes) and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis.
*At 6 months, verified abstinence was 7·3% (21 of 289) with nicotine e-cigarettes, 5·8% (17 of 295) with patches, and 4·1% (three of 73) with placebo e-cigarettes
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)61842-5 PDF Version]
===2013: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3850892/ A fresh look at tobacco harm reduction: the case for the electronic cigarette]===
*Smokers of any age can reap substantial health benefits by quitting. In fact, no other single public health effort is likely to achieve a benefit comparable to large-scale smoking cessation.
*E-cigs might be the most promising product for tobacco harm reduction to date, because, besides delivering nicotine vapour without the combustion products that are responsible for nearly all of smoking’s damaging effect, they also replace some of the rituals associated with smoking behaviour.
*Nicotine’s beneficial effects include correcting problems with concentration, attention and memory, as well as improving symptoms of mood impairments. Keeping such disabilities at bay right now can be much stronger motivation to continue using nicotine than any threats of diseases that may strike
*Nicotine’s beneficial effects can be controlled, and the detrimental effects of the smoky delivery system can be attenuated, by providing the drug via less hazardous delivery systems. Although more research is needed, e-cigs appear to be effective cigarette substitutes for inveterate smokers, and the health improvements enjoyed by switchers do not differ from those enjoyed by tobacco/nicotine abstainers.
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3850892/pdf/1477-7517-10-19.pdf PDF Version]


===2013: [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00056/full Electronic cigarettes and vaping: a new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review]===  
===2013: [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2013.00056/full Electronic cigarettes and vaping: a new challenge in clinical medicine and public health. A literature review]===  
*When compared to the harmful effects of smoking, these studies suggest that vaping could be used as a possible “harm reduction” tool. There is evidence supporting e-cigarettes as an aide for smoking cessation, at least as successful as currently available FDA-approved NRTs.
*When compared to the harmful effects of smoking, these studies suggest that vaping could be used as a possible “harm reduction” tool. There is evidence supporting e-cigarettes as an aide for smoking cessation, at least as successful as currently available FDA-approved NRTs.


===2013: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/15/10/1737/1183788 E-Cigarettes: Prevalence and Attitudes in Great Britain]===
===2013: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/15/10/1737/1183788 E-Cigarettes: Prevalence and Attitudes in Great Britain]===
*While we found evidence supporting the view that e-cigarette use may be a bridge to quitting, we found very little evidence of e-cigarette use among adults who had never smoked. British smokers would benefit from information about the effective use, risks, and benefits of e-cigarettes, as this might enable the use of e-cigarettes to improve public health.
*While we found evidence supporting the view that e-cigarette use may be a bridge to quitting, we found very little evidence of e-cigarette use among adults who had never smoked. British smokers would benefit from information about the effective use, risks, and benefits of e-cigarettes, as this might enable the use of e-cigarettes to improve public health.
*[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-pdf/15/10/1737/4005852/ntt057.pdf&hl=en&sa=T&oi=ucasa&ct=ufr&ei=5-niYKGiHo6RywT0wZbgCg&scisig=AAGBfm1x30ekBGwfhPgkxdJKFW0eOfPFPw PDF Version]
*[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-pdf/15/10/1737/4005852/ntt057.pdf&hl=en&sa=T&oi=ucasa&ct=ufr&ei=5-niYKGiHo6RywT0wZbgCg&scisig=AAGBfm1x30ekBGwfhPgkxdJKFW0eOfPFPw PDF Version]


===2013: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3691171/ EffiCiency and Safety of an eLectronic cigAreTte (ECLAT) as Tobacco Cigarettes Substitute: A Prospective 12-Month Randomized Control Design Study]===
===2013: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3691171/ EffiCiency and Safety of an eLectronic cigAreTte (ECLAT) as Tobacco Cigarettes Substitute: A Prospective 12-Month Randomized Control Design Study]===
*In smokers not intending to quit, the use of e-cigarettes, with or without nicotine, decreased cigarette consumption and elicited enduring tobacco abstinence without causing significant side effects. In view of the fact that subjects in this study had no immediate intention of quitting, the reported overall abstinence rate of 8.7% at 52-week was remarkable.
*In smokers not intending to quit, the use of e-cigarettes, with or without nicotine, decreased cigarette consumption and elicited enduring tobacco abstinence without causing significant side effects. In view of the fact that subjects in this study had no immediate intention of quitting, the reported overall abstinence rate of 8.7% at 52-week was remarkable.
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3691171/pdf/pone.0066317.pdf PDF Version]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3691171/pdf/pone.0066317.pdf PDF Version]


===2013: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23551515/ 'Vaping' profiles and preferences: an online survey of electronic cigarette users]===
===2013: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23551515/ 'Vaping' profiles and preferences: an online survey of electronic cigarette users]===
Line 1,145: Line 1,081:
*E-cigarettes are used primarily for smoking cessation, but for a longer duration than nicotine replacement therapy, and users believe them to be safer than smoking
*E-cigarettes are used primarily for smoking cessation, but for a longer duration than nicotine replacement therapy, and users believe them to be safer than smoking
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1111/add.12150 PDF Version]
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1111/add.12150 PDF Version]


===2012: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460312000913 The electronic-cigarette: Effects on desire to smoke, withdrawal symptoms and cognition]===
===2012: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460312000913 The electronic-cigarette: Effects on desire to smoke, withdrawal symptoms and cognition]===
Line 1,154: Line 1,088:
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.004 PDF Version]
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.004 PDF Version]
   
   
===2011: [https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-1947-5-585 Successful smoking cessation with electronic cigarettes in smokers with a documented history of recurring relapses: a case series]===  
===2011: [https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1752-1947-5-585 Successful smoking cessation with electronic cigarettes in smokers with a documented history of recurring relapses: a case series]===  
*The most important message from this case series is that these smokers, with a documented history of recurring relapses, were able to quit smoking and to remain abstinent for at least six months after taking up an electronic cigarette.
*The most important message from this case series is that these smokers, with a documented history of recurring relapses, were able to quit smoking and to remain abstinent for at least six months after taking up an electronic cigarette.
*[https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1752-1947-5-585.pdf PDF Version]
*[https://jmedicalcasereports.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/1752-1947-5-585.pdf PDF Version]


===2011: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21989407/ Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e-Cigarette) on smoking reduction and cessation: a prospective 6-month pilot study]===
===2011: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21989407/ Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e-Cigarette) on smoking reduction and cessation: a prospective 6-month pilot study]===
Line 1,166: Line 1,096:
*The use of e-Cigarette substantially decreased cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects in smokers not intending to quit  
*The use of e-Cigarette substantially decreased cigarette consumption without causing significant side effects in smokers not intending to quit  
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3203079/pdf/1471-2458-11-786.pdf PDF Version]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3203079/pdf/1471-2458-11-786.pdf PDF Version]


===2011: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03505.x Electronic cigarette: users profile, utilization, satisfaction and perceived efficacy]===
===2011: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03505.x Electronic cigarette: users profile, utilization, satisfaction and perceived efficacy]===
Line 1,181: Line 1,109:
*The distinct and unique advantage of e-cigarettes is that they allow individuals to utilize one device that can simultaneously address nicotine withdrawal, psychological factors, and behavioral cues that serve as barriers to smoking abstinence.  
*The distinct and unique advantage of e-cigarettes is that they allow individuals to utilize one device that can simultaneously address nicotine withdrawal, psychological factors, and behavioral cues that serve as barriers to smoking abstinence.  
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.006 PDF Version]
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.amepre.2010.12.006 PDF Version]


===2011: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/13/9/860/1134354 Interviews With “Vapers”: Implications for Future Research With Electronic Cigarettes]===
===2011: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/13/9/860/1134354 Interviews With “Vapers”: Implications for Future Research With Electronic Cigarettes]===
Line 1,187: Line 1,114:
*There were pervasive themes including the language and culture of vaping; social and informational support among vapers, motives and perceived benefits of using e-cigs versus cigarettes including cigarette-like enjoyment, cost, restored sense of taste and smell, and improved breathing and exercise tolerance; rapidly reduced nicotine tolerance and dependence; and a strong interest in e-cig–related research and policy.
*There were pervasive themes including the language and culture of vaping; social and informational support among vapers, motives and perceived benefits of using e-cigs versus cigarettes including cigarette-like enjoyment, cost, restored sense of taste and smell, and improved breathing and exercise tolerance; rapidly reduced nicotine tolerance and dependence; and a strong interest in e-cig–related research and policy.
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1093/ntr/ntr088 PDF Version]
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1093/ntr/ntr088 PDF Version]


===2010: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/19/2/98 Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e cigarette) on desire to smoke and withdrawal, user preferences and nicotine delivery: randomised cross-over trial]===
===2010: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/19/2/98 Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery device (e cigarette) on desire to smoke and withdrawal, user preferences and nicotine delivery: randomised cross-over trial]===
*Conclusions “The 16 mg Ruyan V8 ENDD alleviated desire to smoke after overnight abstinence, was well tolerated and had a pharmacokinetic profile more like the Nicorette inhalator than a tobacco cigarette. Evaluation of the ENDD for longer-term safety, potential for long-term use and efficacy as a cessation aid is needed.”
*Conclusions “The 16 mg Ruyan V8 ENDD alleviated desire to smoke after overnight abstinence, was well tolerated and had a pharmacokinetic profile more like the Nicorette inhalator than a tobacco cigarette. Evaluation of the ENDD for longer-term safety, potential for long-term use and efficacy as a cessation aid is needed.”
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/tc.2009.031567 PDF Version]
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1136/tc.2009.031567 PDF Version]


===2010: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2458-10-231 Electronic cigarettes: a survey of users]===
===2010: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2458-10-231 Electronic cigarettes: a survey of users]===
*Our results suggest that ecigarettes are used mainly to quit smoking, and may be useful for this purpose.
*Our results suggest that ecigarettes are used mainly to quit smoking, and may be useful for this purpose.
*[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1471-2458-10-231.pdf PDF Version]
*[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186%2F1471-2458-10-231.pdf PDF Version]


===2006: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/15/3/210 Role of snus in initiation and cessation of tobacco smoking in Sweden]===
===2006: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/15/3/210 Role of snus in initiation and cessation of tobacco smoking in Sweden]===
*Use of snus in Sweden is associated with a reduced risk of becoming a daily smoker, and increased likelihood of stopping smoking
*Use of snus in Sweden is associated with a reduced risk of becoming a daily smoker, and increased likelihood of stopping smoking


===2005: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/14/6/422 Is Swedish snus associated with smoking initiation or smoking cessation?]===
===2005: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/14/6/422 Is Swedish snus associated with smoking initiation or smoking cessation?]===
Retrieved from ‘https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php/Special:MobileDiff/70380’