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**Citation: González Roz A, Secades Villa R, Weidberg S. Evaluating nicotine dependence levels in e-cigarette users. Adicciones. 2017 Jan 11;29(2):136-138. English, Spanish. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.905. PMID: 28170058. | **Citation: González Roz A, Secades Villa R, Weidberg S. Evaluating nicotine dependence levels in e-cigarette users. Adicciones. 2017 Jan 11;29(2):136-138. English, Spanish. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.905. PMID: 28170058. | ||
***Acknowledgment: Funding for this study was provided by the BBVA foundation (SV-14-FBBVA-1). This institution had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. No conflicts reported. | ***Acknowledgment: Funding for this study was provided by the BBVA foundation (SV-14-FBBVA-1). This institution had no role in the study design, collection, analysis or interpretation of the data, writing the manuscript, or the decision to submit the paper for publication. No conflicts reported. | ||
===2017 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28780356/ Then and now: Consumption and dependence in e-cigarette users who formerly smoked cigarettes]=== | |||
*Conclusion: "Our results were largely consistent with expectations. First, we found that the large majority of vapers were ex-smokers who had either ceased or dramatically reduced their cigarette consumption. Second, there was a marked decrease in dependence among vapers compared to their retrospective prior cigarette dependence. Finally, we also observed decoupling: a large attenuation of the relationship between dependence and consumption for vapers as compared to their retrospective prior smoking. We incorporated multiple measures of vaping consumption, which showed high variability with respect to a vapour volume/(negative) nicotine concentration continuum, with female and older vapers tending to vape at lower volumes combined with higher nicotine concentrations. However, the lack of reliability and unidimensionality of the FTND-V raise concerns about the adequacy of cigarette-analogous dependence measures for vaping, and whether ‘apples to apples’ comparisons with smoking are strictly valid. Finally, we observed no relationship between dependence or e-liquid volume consumption and duration of vaping. There was a tendency for those who have been vaping longer to employ increased nicotine concentration, but this was moderated by vapers' intentions to reduce their intake. Future research should focus on better measurement of consumption patterns and dependence indices for vaping, and employ these measures in prospective longitudinal designs." | |||
**Citation: Browne M, Todd DG. Then and now: Consumption and dependence in e-cigarette users who formerly smoked cigarettes. Addict Behav. 2018 Jan;76:113-121. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.034. Epub 2017 Jul 28. PMID: 28780356. | |||
***Acknowledgement: Research was supported by block funding to the School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University. No conflicts of interest to declare. | |||
===2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25332459/ Development of a questionnaire for assessing dependence on electronic cigarettes among a large sample of ex-smoking E-cigarette users]=== | ===2015 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25332459/ Development of a questionnaire for assessing dependence on electronic cigarettes among a large sample of ex-smoking E-cigarette users]=== | ||
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