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*Abstract: "We review the literature on laboratory studies quantifying the production of potentially toxic organic byproducts (carbonyls, carbon monoxide, free radicals and some nontargeted compounds) in e-cigarette (EC) aerosol emissions, focusing on the consistency between their experimental design and a realistic usage of the devices, as determined by the power ranges of an optimal regime fulfilling a thermodynamically efficient process of aerosol generation that avoids overheating and “dry puffs”. The majority of the reviewed studies failed in various degrees to comply with this consistency criterion or supplied insufficient information to verify it. Consequently, most of the experimental outcomes and risk assessments are either partially or totally unreliable and/or of various degrees of questionable relevance to end users. Studies testing the devices under reasonable approximation to realistic conditions detected levels of all organic byproducts that are either negligible or orders of magnitude lower than in tobacco smoke. Our review reinforces the pressing need to update and improve current laboratory standards by an appropriate selection of testing parameters and the logistical incorporation of end users in the experimental design." | *Abstract: "We review the literature on laboratory studies quantifying the production of potentially toxic organic byproducts (carbonyls, carbon monoxide, free radicals and some nontargeted compounds) in e-cigarette (EC) aerosol emissions, focusing on the consistency between their experimental design and a realistic usage of the devices, as determined by the power ranges of an optimal regime fulfilling a thermodynamically efficient process of aerosol generation that avoids overheating and “dry puffs”. The majority of the reviewed studies failed in various degrees to comply with this consistency criterion or supplied insufficient information to verify it. Consequently, most of the experimental outcomes and risk assessments are either partially or totally unreliable and/or of various degrees of questionable relevance to end users. Studies testing the devices under reasonable approximation to realistic conditions detected levels of all organic byproducts that are either negligible or orders of magnitude lower than in tobacco smoke. Our review reinforces the pressing need to update and improve current laboratory standards by an appropriate selection of testing parameters and the logistical incorporation of end users in the experimental design." | ||
*Citation: Soulet S, Sussman RA. Critical Review of the Recent Literature on Organic Byproducts in E-Cigarette Aerosol Emissions. Toxics. 2022 Nov 22;10(12):714. doi: 10.3390/toxics10120714. PMID: 36548547; PMCID: PMC9787926. | *Citation: Soulet S, Sussman RA. Critical Review of the Recent Literature on Organic Byproducts in E-Cigarette Aerosol Emissions. Toxics. 2022 Nov 22;10(12):714. doi: 10.3390/toxics10120714. PMID: 36548547; PMCID: PMC9787926. | ||
===2017: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5769337/ Carbonyl Emissions in E-cigarette Aerosol: A Systematic Review and Methodological Considerations]=== | |||
*Importantly, control for the generation of dry puffs was not performed in the vast majority of studies, particularly in studies using variable power devices, which could result in testing conditions and reported carbonyl levels that have no clinical relevance or context. | |||
*Citation: Farsalinos KE, Gillman G. Carbonyl Emissions in E-cigarette Aerosol: A Systematic Review and Methodological Considerations. Front Physiol. 2018 Jan 11;8:1119. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01119. PMID: 29375395; PMCID: PMC5769337. | |||
===2017: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28864295/ E-cigarettes emit very high formaldehyde levels only in conditions that are aversive to users: A replication study under verified realistic use conditions]=== | |||
*The high levels of formaldehyde emissions that were reported in a previous study were caused by unrealistic use conditions that create the unpleasant taste of dry puffs to e-cigarette users and are thus avoided. | |||
*Citation: Farsalinos KE, Voudris V, Spyrou A, Poulas K. E-cigarettes emit very high formaldehyde levels only in conditions that are aversive to users: A replication study under verified realistic use conditions. Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Nov;109(Pt 1):90-94. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.044. Epub 2017 Aug 31. PMID: 28864295. | |||
===2015: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25996087/ E-cigarettes generate high levels of aldehydes only in 'dry puff' conditions]=== | |||
*Electronic cigarettes produce high levels of aldehyde only in dry puff conditions, in which the liquid overheats, causing a strong unpleasant taste that e-cigarette users detect and avoid. | |||
*Citation: Farsalinos KE, Voudris V, Poulas K. E-cigarettes generate high levels of aldehydes only in 'dry puff' conditions. Addiction. 2015 Aug;110(8):1352-6. doi: 10.1111/add.12942. Epub 2015 May 20. PMID: 25996087. | |||
=Comments by Experts: Suggesting Corrections, Identifying Methodological Flaws, or Expressing the Need for Retractions= | =Comments by Experts: Suggesting Corrections, Identifying Methodological Flaws, or Expressing the Need for Retractions= | ||
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