Nicotine - Addiction/Dependence: Difference between revisions

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**Citation: Stiles MF, Campbell LR, Jin T, Graff DW, Fant RV, Henningfield JE. Assessment of the abuse liability of three menthol Vuse Solo electronic cigarettes relative to combustible cigarettes and nicotine gum. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Jul;235(7):2077-2086. doi: 10.1007/s00213-018-4904-x. Epub 2018 May 3. PMID: 29725702; PMCID: PMC6015619.

***Acknowledgement: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02664012. MF Stiles, LR Campbell, and T Jin are full-time employees of RAI Services Company. RAI Services Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American Inc., which is a wholly owned subsidiary of British American Tobacco plc. DW Graff is a full-time employee of Celerion and provided the original draft of the manuscript. RV Fant and JE Henningfield are full-time employees of PinneyAssociates, which provides consulting services on smoking cessation and tobacco harm minimization (including nicotine replacement therapy and electronic vapor products) to Niconovum, USA, Inc., RJ Reynolds Vapor Company, and RAI Services Company (all subsidiaries of Reynolds American Inc.). JE Henningfield also owns an interest in intellectual property for a novel nicotine medication. Through PinneyAssociates, Fant and Henningfield provide consulting services to pharmaceutical companies on abuse potential assessment, and the regulation of substances with a potential for abuse.

===2018 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460317302885 Then and now: Consumption and dependence in e-cigarette users who formerly smoked cigarettes]===

*Conclusion: "First, we found that the large majority of vapers were ex-smokers who had either ceased or dramatically reduced their cigarette consumption. Second, there was a marked decrease in dependence among vapers compared to their retrospective prior cigarette dependence..."

*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.034 PDF of full study]

**Citation: Browne M, Todd DG. Then and now: Consumption and dependence in e-cigarette users who formerly smoked cigarettes. Addict Behav. 2018 Jan;76:113-121. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.034. Epub 2017 Jul 28. PMID: 28780356.

***Acknowledgement: Research was supported by block funding to the School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University

===2017 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28389330/ A comparison of nicotine dependence among exclusive E-cigarette and cigarette users in the PATH study]===

@@ Line 116: / Line 116: @@
 **Citation: Stiles MF, Campbell LR, Jin T, Graff DW, Fant RV, Henningfield JE. Assessment of the abuse liability of three menthol Vuse Solo electronic cigarettes relative to combustible cigarettes and nicotine gum. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018 Jul;235(7):2077-2086. doi: 10.1007/s00213-018-4904-x. Epub 2018 May 3. PMID: 29725702; PMCID: PMC6015619.
 ***Acknowledgement: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02664012. MF Stiles, LR Campbell, and T Jin are full-time employees of RAI Services Company. RAI Services Company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Reynolds American Inc., which is a wholly owned subsidiary of British American Tobacco plc. DW Graff is a full-time employee of Celerion and provided the original draft of the manuscript. RV Fant and JE Henningfield are full-time employees of PinneyAssociates, which provides consulting services on smoking cessation and tobacco harm minimization (including nicotine replacement therapy and electronic vapor products) to Niconovum, USA, Inc., RJ Reynolds Vapor Company, and RAI Services Company (all subsidiaries of Reynolds American Inc.). JE Henningfield also owns an interest in intellectual property for a novel nicotine medication. Through PinneyAssociates, Fant and Henningfield provide consulting services to pharmaceutical companies on abuse potential assessment, and the regulation of substances with a potential for abuse.
+===2018 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460317302885 Then and now: Consumption and dependence in e-cigarette users who formerly smoked cigarettes]===
+*Conclusion: "First, we found that the large majority of vapers were ex-smokers who had either ceased or dramatically reduced their cigarette consumption. Second, there was a marked decrease in dependence among vapers compared to their retrospective prior cigarette dependence..."
+*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.034 PDF of full study]
+**Citation: Browne M, Todd DG. Then and now: Consumption and dependence in e-cigarette users who formerly smoked cigarettes. Addict Behav. 2018 Jan;76:113-121. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.07.034. Epub 2017 Jul 28. PMID: 28780356.
+***Acknowledgement: Research was supported by block funding to the School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University
 ===2017 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28389330/ A comparison of nicotine dependence among exclusive E-cigarette and cigarette users in the PATH study]===