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| ='''Arthritis/Skeletal'''= | | ='''Arthritis/Skeletal'''= |
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| === 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36708864/ Tobacco heating system has less impact on bone metabolism than cigarette smoke]=== | | ===2009 [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/art.24177 Stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in mice]=== |
| * We found that, following acute or chronic exposure, particulate matter extract from the aerosol of an HTP, the Tobacco Heating System (THS), was less harmful to the bone coculture system than reference cigarette (1R6F) smoke extract. In the fracture healing model, cultures exposed to the THS extract maintained similar osteoclast activity and calcium deposits as control cultures. Conversely, smoke extract exposure promoted osteoclast activity, resulting in an osteoporotic environment, whose formation could be prevented by bisphosphonate coadministration. Thus, THS is potentially less harmful than cigarette smoke to bone cell differentiation and bone mineralization - both being crucial aspects during the reparative phase of fracture healing. | | *Animal Study |
| * Comment From Clive Bates: "A characteristically cautious statement. But still annoying as it gives no sense of the magnitude of "less harmful". I realise this is not a straightforward idea (see paper), but the harm reduction proposition is necessarily quantitative, even if expressed in pseudo-quantitative terms. If they want the harm reduction proposition to succeed these industries need to develop evidence-based metrics for communicating risk reduction. Eg. it required xx times the exposure to vape liquids to have the same effect as tobacco smoke."
| | *Clinical arthritis was exacerbated by vagotomy and ameliorated by oral nicotine administration. Moreover, oral nicotine inhibited bone degradation and reduced TNFalpha expression in synovial tissue. Both IP-injected nicotine and AR-R17779 ameliorated clinical arthritis and reduced synovial inflammation. This was accompanied by a reduction of TNFalpha levels in both plasma and synovial tissue. The effect of AR-R17779 was more potent compared with that of nicotine and was associated with delayed onset of the disease as well as with protection against joint destruction. |
| * Cell/organoid study | | **Citation: van Maanen MA, Lebre MC, van der Poll T, LaRosa GJ, Elbaum D, Vervoordeldonk MJ, Tak PP. Stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors attenuates collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2009 Jan;60(1):114-22. doi: 10.1002/art.24177. PMID: 19116908. |
| * Note: tobacco industry funded (PMI) | |
| * Weng W, Bovard D, Zanetti F, Ehnert S, Braun B, Uynuk-Ool T, Histing T, Hoeng J, Nussler AK, Aspera-Werz RH. Food Chem Toxicol. 2023 Jan 25:113637. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113637. Online ahead of print. PMID: 36708864
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| = '''Auditory''' = | | = '''Auditory''' = |