Nicotine therapeutic benefits: Difference between revisions

Line 226:

*In addition, nicotine or its metabolites can result in decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins 1 and 6, and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. Consequently, there is reduced susceptibility to RAS due to immunosuppression and/or reduction in inflammatory response.

*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.006 PDF Version]

*Subramanyam, R. V. (2011). Occurrence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis only on lining mucosa and its relationship to smoking – A possible hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses, 77(2), 185–187. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.006

**Citation: Subramanyam, R. V. (2011). Occurrence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis only on lining mucosa and its relationship to smoking – A possible hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses, 77(2), 185–187. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.006

===2004: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15370162/ The relationship between smoking cessation and mouth ulcers]===

*Our results confirm that mouth ulcers are a common result of stopping smoking, affecting two in five quitters. Patients should be reassured that the lesions are a result of stopping smoking and not a side-effect of smoking cessation medication.

**Citation: McRobbie H, Hajek P, Gillison F. The relationship between smoking cessation and mouth ulcers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2004 Aug;6(4):655-9. doi: 10.1080/14622200410001734012. PMID: 15370162.

===2002 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12108762/ Minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis and smoking: an epidemiological study measuring plasma cotinine]===

@@ Line 226: / Line 226: @@
 *In addition, nicotine or its metabolites can result in decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukins 1 and 6, and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10. Consequently, there is reduced susceptibility to RAS due to immunosuppression and/or reduction in inflammatory response.
 *[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.006 PDF Version]
-*Subramanyam, R. V. (2011). Occurrence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis only on lining mucosa and its relationship to smoking – A possible hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses, 77(2), 185–187. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.006
+**Citation: Subramanyam, R. V. (2011). Occurrence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis only on lining mucosa and its relationship to smoking – A possible hypothesis. Medical Hypotheses, 77(2), 185–187. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2011.04.006
+===2004: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15370162/ The relationship between smoking cessation and mouth ulcers]===
+*Our results confirm that mouth ulcers are a common result of stopping smoking, affecting two in five quitters. Patients should be reassured that the lesions are a result of stopping smoking and not a side-effect of smoking cessation medication.
+**Citation: McRobbie H, Hajek P, Gillison F. The relationship between smoking cessation and mouth ulcers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2004 Aug;6(4):655-9. doi: 10.1080/14622200410001734012. PMID: 15370162.
 ===2002 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12108762/ Minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis and smoking: an epidemiological study measuring plasma cotinine]===