Nicotine - Effects of Messaging: Difference between revisions

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**Citation: O'Connor RJ, Rees VW, Rivard C, Hatsukami DK, Cummings KM. Internalized smoking stigma in relation to quit intentions, quit attempts, and current e-cigarette use. Subst Abus. 2017 Jul-Sep;38(3):330-336. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2017.1326999. Epub 2017 May 8. PMID: 28481713; PMCID: PMC6319257.

***Acknowledgement: This work was supported by a cooperative agreement from the National Cancer Institute (U19CA157345). The funding organization had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. KMC has received grant funding from Pfizer, Inc to study the impact of a hospital-based tobacco cessation intervention and also has served as an expert witness in litigation filed against the tobacco industry. The remaining authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

===2016: [https://researchonline.stthomas.edu/esploro/outputs/graduate/Smoking-Cessation-and-the-Role-of/991015131652903691 Smoking Cessation and the Role of Stigma: A Systematic Review]===

*Anti-smoking campaigns have been used for the last three decades, and while there has been a decrease in smokers across the US, the number of smokers living in poverty has remained relatively unchanged. The research points to the use of stigma as a possible reason for smokers who are living in poverty to not stop smoking. The use of stigma to help a population, who may be stigmatized for multiple reasons, has shown through the research, to be a poor tool in moving them towards a smoke free life. The use of stigma in public health campaigns may lead to making things worse for smokers who live in poverty through discrimination in hiring policies and other unintended consequences.

**Citation: Thesis - Carl White - University of St. Thomas, Minnesota

***Acknowledgement: Contributors: Melissa Lundquist

===2015: Article: [https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2015/11/smoking-stigma-backfires-hurts-efforts-quit.html Smoking stigma can hurt efforts to quit]===

*Public health campaigns that stigmatize smoking can backfire, according to a study published Monday, leading some people to become so angry and defensive that they refuse to quit and others feeling so bad about themselves that they give up trying.

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 **Citation: O'Connor RJ, Rees VW, Rivard C, Hatsukami DK, Cummings KM. Internalized smoking stigma in relation to quit intentions, quit attempts, and current e-cigarette use. Subst Abus. 2017 Jul-Sep;38(3):330-336. doi: 10.1080/08897077.2017.1326999. Epub 2017 May 8. PMID: 28481713; PMCID: PMC6319257.
 ***Acknowledgement: This work was supported by a cooperative agreement from the National Cancer Institute (U19CA157345). The funding organization had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. KMC has received grant funding from Pfizer, Inc to study the impact of a hospital-based tobacco cessation intervention and also has served as an expert witness in litigation filed against the tobacco industry. The remaining authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.
+===2016: [https://researchonline.stthomas.edu/esploro/outputs/graduate/Smoking-Cessation-and-the-Role-of/991015131652903691 Smoking Cessation and the Role of Stigma: A Systematic Review]===
+*Anti-smoking campaigns have been used for the last three decades, and while there has been a decrease in smokers across the US, the number of smokers living in poverty has remained relatively unchanged. The research points to the use of stigma as a possible reason for smokers who are living in poverty to not stop smoking. The use of stigma to help a population, who may be stigmatized for multiple reasons, has shown through the research, to be a poor tool in moving them towards a smoke free life. The use of stigma in public health campaigns may lead to making things worse for smokers who live in poverty through discrimination in hiring policies and other unintended consequences.
+**Citation: Thesis - Carl White - University of St. Thomas, Minnesota
+***Acknowledgement: Contributors: Melissa Lundquist
 ===2015: Article: [https://www.fredhutch.org/en/news/center-news/2015/11/smoking-stigma-backfires-hurts-efforts-quit.html Smoking stigma can hurt efforts to quit]===
 *Public health campaigns that stigmatize smoking can backfire, according to a study published Monday, leading some people to become so angry and defensive that they refuse to quit and others feeling so bad about themselves that they give up trying.