Nicotine therapeutic benefits: Difference between revisions

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===2013: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cen.12222 Smoking and thyroid]===

*"Smoking has distinct associations with thyroid function and size in healthy subjects. It has remarkable and contrasting associations with thyroid function in autoimmune thyroid disease (lower risk of Hashimoto's disease and higher risk of Graves’ disease) and with thyroid size in nodular disease (lower risk of thyroid carcinoma and higher risk of nontoxic goitre and multinodularity). The observed associations likely indicate causal relationships in view of consistent associations across studies, the presence of a dose–response relationship and disappearance of the associations after cessation of smoking. Which mechanisms mediate the many effects of smoking remains largely obscure. Probably, they differ between the various effects. The divergent effects of smoking on the expression of autoimmune thyroid disease are intriguing and reminiscent on the contrasting effects of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease: protective against ulcerative colitis (OR 0·41, 0·34–0·48) but risky for Crohn's disease (OR 1·61, 1·27–2·03)."

='''Huntington’s Disease'''=

===2005: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16140176/ Neuroprotective effect of nicotine against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced experimental Huntington's disease in rats]===

*These results clearly showed neuroprotective effect of nicotine in experimental model of HD. The clinical relevance of these findings in HD patients remains unclear and warrants further studies.

*In conclusion, nicotine significantly and dose-dependently attenuated 3-NP-induced striatal lesions and behavioral deficits in rats. The protective effect of nicotine may be attributed to its ability of restoring striatal DA levels in 3-NP intoxicated rats.

*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.024 PDF Version]

**Citation: Tariq M, Khan HA, Elfaki I, Al Deeb S, Al Moutaery K. Neuroprotective effect of nicotine against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced experimental Huntington's disease in rats. Brain Res Bull. 2005 Sep 30;67(1-2):161-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.024. PMID: 16140176.

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='''Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis / Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis''' (See Also: Allergies/Hayfever/Histamines)=

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*In the literature of extrinsic allergic alveolitis non-smokers predominate in those papers in which smoking habits are recorded (Hapke et al., 1968; Schlueter et al., 1969; Schofield et al., 1976). Studies of the prevalence of precipitating antibodies against Micropolyspora faeni in farmers have shown that they are detected significantly more often in non-smokers than in smokers (Morgan et al., 1975).

**Citation: Warren CP. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis: a disease commoner in non-smokers. Thorax. 1977 Oct;32(5):567-9. doi: 10.1136/thx.32.5.567. PMID: 594937; PMCID: PMC470791.

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='''Hypothyroidism'''=

===2006: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16902999/ Nicotine reverses adult-onset hypothyroidism-induced impairment of learning and memory: Behavioral and electrophysiological studies]===

*Animal Study

*The major finding of the present study is that chronic nicotine treatment reverses hypothyroidism-induced learning, short-term memory, and longterm memory impairment. This is indicated by the ability of chronic nicotine treatment to normalize the performance of hypothyroid rats in the RAWM spatial learning and memory tasks. Chronic nicotine treatment also reverses the hypothyroidism-induced impairment of E-LTP and L-LTP, the widely accepted electrophysiological correlates of cognitive function (Bliss and Collingridge, 1993).

* [https://sci-hub.st/10.1002/jnr.21014 PDF Full study]

**Citation: Alzoubi KH, Aleisa AM, Gerges NZ, Alkadhi KA. Nicotine reverses adult-onset hypothyroidism-induced impairment of learning and memory: Behavioral and electrophysiological studies. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Oct;84(5):944-53. doi: 10.1002/jnr.21014. PMID: 16902999.

***Acknowledgement: None stated

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@@ Line 882: / Line 882: @@
 ===2013: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cen.12222 Smoking and thyroid]===
 *"Smoking has distinct associations with thyroid function and size in healthy subjects. It has remarkable and contrasting associations with thyroid function in autoimmune thyroid disease (lower risk of Hashimoto's disease and higher risk of Graves’ disease) and with thyroid size in nodular disease (lower risk of thyroid carcinoma and higher risk of nontoxic goitre and multinodularity). The observed associations likely indicate causal relationships in view of consistent associations across studies, the presence of a dose–response relationship and disappearance of the associations after cessation of smoking. Which mechanisms mediate the many effects of smoking remains largely obscure. Probably, they differ between the various effects. The divergent effects of smoking on the expression of autoimmune thyroid disease are intriguing and reminiscent on the contrasting effects of smoking on inflammatory bowel disease: protective against ulcerative colitis (OR 0·41, 0·34–0·48) but risky for Crohn's disease (OR 1·61, 1·27–2·03)."
+='''Huntington’s Disease'''=
+===2005: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16140176/ Neuroprotective effect of nicotine against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced experimental Huntington's disease in rats]===
+*These results clearly showed neuroprotective effect of nicotine in experimental model of HD. The clinical relevance of these findings in HD patients remains unclear and warrants further studies.
+*In conclusion, nicotine significantly and dose-dependently attenuated 3-NP-induced striatal lesions and behavioral deficits in rats. The protective effect of nicotine may be attributed to its ability of restoring striatal DA levels in 3-NP intoxicated rats.
+*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.024 PDF Version]
+**Citation: Tariq M, Khan HA, Elfaki I, Al Deeb S, Al Moutaery K. Neuroprotective effect of nicotine against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced experimental Huntington's disease in rats. Brain Res Bull. 2005 Sep 30;67(1-2):161-8. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.024. PMID: 16140176.
+<br>
 ='''Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis / Extrinsic Allergic Alveolitis''' (See Also: Allergies/Hayfever/Histamines)=
@@ Line 912: / Line 921: @@
 *In the literature of extrinsic allergic alveolitis non-smokers predominate in those papers in which smoking habits are recorded (Hapke et al., 1968; Schlueter et al., 1969; Schofield et al., 1976). Studies of the prevalence of precipitating antibodies against Micropolyspora faeni in farmers have shown that they are detected significantly more often in non-smokers than in smokers (Morgan et al., 1975).
 **Citation: Warren CP. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis: a disease commoner in non-smokers. Thorax. 1977 Oct;32(5):567-9. doi: 10.1136/thx.32.5.567. PMID: 594937; PMCID: PMC470791.
+<br>
+='''Hypothyroidism'''=
+===2006: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16902999/ Nicotine reverses adult-onset hypothyroidism-induced impairment of learning and memory: Behavioral and electrophysiological studies]===
+*Animal Study
+*The major finding of the present study is that chronic nicotine treatment reverses hypothyroidism-induced learning, short-term memory, and longterm memory impairment. This is indicated by the ability of chronic nicotine treatment to normalize the performance of hypothyroid rats in the RAWM spatial learning and memory tasks. Chronic nicotine treatment also reverses the hypothyroidism-induced impairment of E-LTP and L-LTP, the widely accepted electrophysiological correlates of cognitive function (Bliss and Collingridge, 1993).
+* [https://sci-hub.st/10.1002/jnr.21014 PDF Full study]
+**Citation: Alzoubi KH, Aleisa AM, Gerges NZ, Alkadhi KA. Nicotine reverses adult-onset hypothyroidism-induced impairment of learning and memory: Behavioral and electrophysiological studies. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Oct;84(5):944-53. doi: 10.1002/jnr.21014. PMID: 16902999.
+***Acknowledgement: None stated
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