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==Scientific Publications - Not Youth Specific== | ==Scientific Publications - Not Youth Specific== | ||
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===2018 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763417301793 Nicotine and networks: Potential for enhancement of mood and cognition in late-life depression]=== | |||
*Nicotine improves cognitive performance in clinical and preclinical studies. | |||
*Nicotine may also benefit depressive symptoms and depressive behavior. | |||
*Cognitive and mood benefits may be mediated by nicotinic effect on neural networks. | |||
*Nicotine’s effects on networks may reverse network changes seen in depression. | |||
*Improvement to mood and cognition may particularly benefit older depressed adults. | |||
*Both preclinical and clinical studies support that nicotine and other nAChR agonists can improve depressive behavior, mood, and cognitive performance. nAChR agonists also demonstrate neuropharmacologic effects that oppose the intrinsic network alterations reported in MDD. Through modulation of intrinsic functional networks, nAChR agonists may reduce depressive symptoms, enhance emotional regulation ability, and improve cognitive deficits common in LLD. For these reasons, we propose nAChR agonists as a potential novel treatment for the mood and cognitive symptoms of LLD. | |||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.018 PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Gandelman, J. A., Newhouse, P., & Taylor, W. D. (2018). Nicotine and networks: Potential for enhancement of mood and cognition in late-life depression. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 84, 289–298. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.0 | |||
===2018 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29795403/ Nicotine normalizes cortico-striatal connectivity in non-smoking individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD)]=== | |||
*In MDD, acute nicotine administration normalized both pathways to the level of healthy controls, while having no impact on healthy controls. These results indicate that nicotine normalizes dysfunctional cortico-striatal communication in unmedicated non-smokers with MDD. | |||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1038/s41386-018-0069-x PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Janes AC, Zegel M, Ohashi K, Betts J, Molokotos E, Olson D, Moran L, Pizzagalli DA. Nicotine normalizes cortico-striatal connectivity in non-smoking individuals with major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2018 Nov;43(12):2445-2451. doi: 10.1038/s41386-018-0069-x. Epub 2018 Apr 19. PMID: 29795403; PMCID: PMC6180119. | |||
===2018 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6129985/ Transdermal Nicotine for the Treatment of Mood and Cognitive Symptoms in Non-Smokers with Late-Life Depression]=== | |||
*Late Life Depression (LLD) is characterized by poor antidepressant response and cognitive dysfunction. Late life depression has no currently approved treatment that improves both its mood and cognitive symptoms. | |||
*We observed robust response (86.7%) and remission rates (53.3%). There was a significant decrease in MADRS (Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating scale) over the study, with improvement seen as early as three weeks. We also observed improvement in apathy and rumination. We did not observe improvement on the CPT (Conners Continuous Performance Test), but did observe improvement in subjective cognitive performance and signals of potential drug effects on secondary cognitive measures of working memory, episodic memory, and self-referential emotional processing. | |||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6129985/pdf/nihms965043.pdf PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Gandelman JA, Kang H, Antal A, Albert K, Boyd BD, Conley AC, Newhouse P, Taylor WD. Transdermal Nicotine for the Treatment of Mood and Cognitive Symptoms in Nonsmokers With Late-Life Depression. J Clin Psychiatry. 2018 Aug 28;79(5):18m12137. doi: 10.4088/JCP.18m12137. PMID: 30192444; PMCID: PMC6129985. | |||
===2016: [https://truthinitiative.org/sites/default/files/media/files/2019/08/ReThinking-Nicotine_0.pdf Re-thinking nicotine and its effects]=== | |||
*Some nicotine users benefit from self-medication effects for alleviation of stress, anxiety, depression, and other mental health and medical conditions... | |||
*Truth Initiative / Schroeder Institute: Raymond Niaura, PhD. - This paper was also reviewed by content area experts whose feedback was included: Drs. Neal Benowitz, Peter Shields, Dorothy Hatsukami, and Ken Warner | |||
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*Our results do not support a causal role of smoking on depressed mood, but are consistent with a self-medication hypothesis, whereby smoking is used to alleviate symptoms of depression. | *Our results do not support a causal role of smoking on depressed mood, but are consistent with a self-medication hypothesis, whereby smoking is used to alleviate symptoms of depression. | ||
*Citation: Lewis SJ, Araya R, Smith GD, Freathy R, Gunnell D, Palmer T, Munafò M. Smoking is associated with, but does not cause, depressed mood in pregnancy--a mendelian randomization study. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e21689. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021689. Epub 2011 Jul 19. PMID: 21818261; PMCID: PMC3139580. | *Citation: Lewis SJ, Araya R, Smith GD, Freathy R, Gunnell D, Palmer T, Munafò M. Smoking is associated with, but does not cause, depressed mood in pregnancy--a mendelian randomization study. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e21689. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021689. Epub 2011 Jul 19. PMID: 21818261; PMCID: PMC3139580. | ||
===2006 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16977477/ Transdermal nicotine attenuates depression symptoms in nonsmokers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial]=== | |||
*These findings suggest a role for nicotinic receptor systems in the pathophysiology of depression and that nicotinic compounds should be evaluated for treating depression symptoms. | |||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1007/s00213-006-0516-y PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: McClernon FJ, Hiott FB, Westman EC, Rose JE, Levin ED. Transdermal nicotine attenuates depression symptoms in nonsmokers: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2006 Nov;189(1):125-33. doi: 10.1007/s00213-006-0516-y. Epub 2006 Sep 15. PMID: 16977477. | |||
===2002: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11995405/ Relationship between mood improvement and sleep changes with acute nicotine administration in non-smoking major depressed patients]=== | |||
*Acute administration of nicotine patches produced rapid eye movement sleep (REM) increases in non-smoking major depressed patients as well as clinical improvement in mood. Antidepressant effect was also observed after four continuous days of nicotine administration. (NOTE: Study consisted of 15 people) | |||
*Citation: Salin-Pascual R. J. (2002). Relationship between mood improvement and sleep changes with acute nicotine administration in non-smoking major depressed patients. Revista de investigacion clinica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion, 54(1), 36–40. | |||
===2000 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091305700002057 The Effects of Nicotine on Neural Pathways Implicated in Depression: A Factor in Nicotine Addiction?]=== | |||
*. It is also possible that an underlying depressive disorder enhances the “rewarding” properties of addictive drugs in a way that does not depend upon alleviation of the symptoms per se. However, this review has outlined evidence that nicotine has antidepressant-like properties that could also account for the association | |||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1016/S0091-3057(00)00205-7 PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Balfour, D. J. ., & Ridley, D. L. (2000). The Effects of Nicotine on Neural Pathways Implicated in Depression. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 66(1), 79–85. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00205-7 | |||
===1996: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9746444/ Antidepressant effect of transdermal nicotine patches in nonsmoking patients with major depression]=== | |||
*Nicotine patches produced short-term improvement of depression with minor side effects. | |||
*Citation: Salín-Pascual, R. J., Rosas, M., Jimenez-Genchi, A., Rivera-Meza, B. L., & Delgado-Parra, V. (1996). Antidepressant effect of transdermal nicotine patches in nonsmoking patients with major depression. The Journal of clinical psychiatry, 57(9), 387–389. | |||
===1993 [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/496026 Nicotine Dependence and Major Depression]=== | |||
*There is, then, no evidence in these data that the occurrence of MDD in persons with a prior history of nicotine dependence might have been caused directly by recent persistent smoking. | |||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820130033006 PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Breslau N, Kilbey MM, Andreski P. Nicotine Dependence and Major Depression: New Evidence From a Prospective Investigation. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50(1):31–35. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820130033006 | |||
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