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== Disposable Vapes == | |||
=== 2024: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033350623005036 Who would be affected by a ban on disposable vapes? A population study in Great Britain] === | |||
* We used a nationally representative survey of ~70,000 adults in the general population in Great Britain (the Smoking Toolkit Study) to describe trends in disposable e-cigarette use since 2021, establish the number who would currently be affected by a ban on disposables, and assess their sociodemographic and smoking profile. | |||
* Our data show that while disposable vapes are particularly popular among young adults, they are also used by a large number of current smokers and ex-smokers and by people from disadvantaged groups – including those with a history of mental health conditions and working in lower paid jobs. | |||
* These findings suggest banning disposable vapes isn’t a straightforward solution to stop young people from vaping. It could also have unintended consequences for smokers, including discouraging people from using e-cigarettes to try to quit smoking or triggering relapse among those who have already used disposables to quit. It may also worsen health inequalities. We suggest these trade-offs should be carefully considered when making decisions around banning disposables. | |||
* Sarah E. Jackson, Harry Tattan-Birch, Lion Shahab, Melissa Oldham, Dimitra Kale, Leonie Brose, Jamie Brown | |||
* Public Health https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2023.12.024 Received 26 October 2023, Revised 19 December 2023, Accepted 20 December 2023, Available online 24 January 2024.<br /> | |||
=Dual Use= | =Dual Use= | ||
===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38192585/ Varenicline for smoking cessation in individuals who smoke cigarettes and use electronic cigarettes: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial]=== | |||
*Our findings indicate that inclusion of varenicline in a cessation programme for adults who smoke and use e-cigarettes with an intention to quit smoking could result in smoking abstinence without serious adverse events. In the absence of evidence from other smoking cessation methods, it could be useful to suggest the use of varenicline in cessation programmes specifically designed to help dual users stop smoking. | |||
*Caponnetto P, Spicuzza L, Campagna D, Ahluwalia JS, Russell C, Maglia M, Riela PM, Longo CF, Caci G, Quattropani MC, Signorelli MS, Polosa R. Varenicline for smoking cessation in individuals who smoke cigarettes and use electronic cigarettes: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. EClinicalMedicine. 2023 Nov 21;66:102316. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102316. PMID: 38192585; PMCID: PMC10772233. | |||
===2021: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]=== | ===2021: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]=== | ||
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**Proposes an illiberal policy and fails to recognise a major global public health opportunity. | **Proposes an illiberal policy and fails to recognise a major global public health opportunity. | ||
*Acknowledgement: We confirm that signatories report no conflicts with respect to FCTC Article 5.3 and no financial conflicts of interest with respect to tobacco or e-cigarette companies under the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME) reporting standard. | *Acknowledgement: We confirm that signatories report no conflicts with respect to FCTC Article 5.3 and no financial conflicts of interest with respect to tobacco or e-cigarette companies under the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICJME) reporting standard. | ||
===2020 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33086157/ A comparison of product dependence among cigarette only, ENDS only, and dual users: Findings from Wave 3 (2015-2016) of the PATH study]=== | ===2020 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33086157/ A comparison of product dependence among cigarette only, ENDS only, and dual users: Findings from Wave 3 (2015-2016) of the PATH study]=== | ||
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*Citation:Buckell J, Marti J, Sindelar JLShould flavours be banned in cigarettes and e-cigarettes? Evidence on adult smokers and recent quitters from a discrete choice experimentTobacco Control 2019;28:168-175. | *Citation:Buckell J, Marti J, Sindelar JLShould flavours be banned in cigarettes and e-cigarettes? Evidence on adult smokers and recent quitters from a discrete choice experimentTobacco Control 2019;28:168-175. | ||
*Acknowledgement: Research reported in this publication was supported by grant number P50DA036151 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP). | *Acknowledgement: Research reported in this publication was supported by grant number P50DA036151 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP). | ||
===2017: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800112/ Differences between Dual Users and Switchers Center around Vaping Behavior and Its Experiences Rather than Beliefs and Attitudes]=== | ===2017: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800112/ Differences between Dual Users and Switchers Center around Vaping Behavior and Its Experiences Rather than Beliefs and Attitudes]=== | ||
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*Citation: Litt MD, Duffy V, Oncken C. Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings, Tobacco Control 2016;25:ii67-ii72. | *Citation: Litt MD, Duffy V, Oncken C. Cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette vaping patterns as a function of e-cigarette flavourings, Tobacco Control 2016;25:ii67-ii72. | ||
*Acknowledgement: Support for this project was provided by Grant 1 R01 DA036492 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and in part by General Clinical Research Center Grant M01-RR06192 from the National Institutes of Health. | *Acknowledgement: Support for this project was provided by Grant 1 R01 DA036492 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and in part by General Clinical Research Center Grant M01-RR06192 from the National Institutes of Health. | ||
===2015: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/17/10/1255/1028251?redirectedFrom=fulltext The Impact of Flavor Descriptors on Nonsmoking Teens’ and Adult Smokers’ Interest in Electronic Cigarettes]=== | ===2015: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/17/10/1255/1028251?redirectedFrom=fulltext The Impact of Flavor Descriptors on Nonsmoking Teens’ and Adult Smokers’ Interest in Electronic Cigarettes]=== | ||
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*Citation: Saul Shiffman, PhD, Mark A Sembower, MS, Janine L Pillitteri, PhD, Karen K Gerlach, PhD, MPH, Joseph G Gitchell, BA, The Impact of Flavor Descriptors on Nonsmoking Teens’ and Adult Smokers’ Interest in Electronic Cigarettes, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 17, Issue 10, October 2015, Pages 1255–1262, doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu333 | *Citation: Saul Shiffman, PhD, Mark A Sembower, MS, Janine L Pillitteri, PhD, Karen K Gerlach, PhD, MPH, Joseph G Gitchell, BA, The Impact of Flavor Descriptors on Nonsmoking Teens’ and Adult Smokers’ Interest in Electronic Cigarettes, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 17, Issue 10, October 2015, Pages 1255–1262, doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu333 | ||
*Acknowledgement: This work was supported by NJOY, a company that markets electronic cigarettes, but does not make or sell any combustible tobacco products. All authors work for Pinney Associates and provide consulting services to GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare on their stop-smoking medications and to NJOY, Inc. on electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). SS and JGG also own an interest in a novel nicotine medication in development. The study sponsor was involved in discussion of the study design, but had no role in study execution, data collection, data analysis, or writing of the manuscript, nor did the sponsor review the manuscript prior to submission. | *Acknowledgement: This work was supported by NJOY, a company that markets electronic cigarettes, but does not make or sell any combustible tobacco products. All authors work for Pinney Associates and provide consulting services to GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare on their stop-smoking medications and to NJOY, Inc. on electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). SS and JGG also own an interest in a novel nicotine medication in development. The study sponsor was involved in discussion of the study design, but had no role in study execution, data collection, data analysis, or writing of the manuscript, nor did the sponsor review the manuscript prior to submission. | ||
===2015: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808473/ Preferred Flavors and Reasons for E-cigarette Use and Discontinued Use Among Never, Current, and Former Smokers]=== | ===2015: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4808473/ Preferred Flavors and Reasons for E-cigarette Use and Discontinued Use Among Never, Current, and Former Smokers]=== | ||
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*Citation: Gentry, S.V., Ward, E., Dawkins, L. et al. Reported patterns of vaping to support long-term abstinence from smoking: a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of vapers. Harm Reduct J 17, 70 (2020). doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00418-8 | *Citation: Gentry, S.V., Ward, E., Dawkins, L. et al. Reported patterns of vaping to support long-term abstinence from smoking: a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of vapers. Harm Reduct J 17, 70 (2020). doi:10.1186/s12954-020-00418-8 | ||
*Acknowledgement: This research was funded by Cancer Research UK (CRUK), Grant Number C54889/A22732. | *Acknowledgement: This research was funded by Cancer Research UK (CRUK), Grant Number C54889/A22732. | ||
===2016: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.13299 Protocol proposal for, and evaluation of, consistency in nicotine delivery from the liquid to the aerosol of electronic cigarettes atomizers: regulatory implications]=== | ===2016: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/add.13299 Protocol proposal for, and evaluation of, consistency in nicotine delivery from the liquid to the aerosol of electronic cigarettes atomizers: regulatory implications]=== | ||
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*Perceived EC dependency was significantly lower compared to smoking. | *Perceived EC dependency was significantly lower compared to smoking. | ||
*[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.4137/SART.S12756 PDF Version] | *[https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.4137/SART.S12756 PDF Version] | ||
===2013: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22529223/ Nicotine levels in electronic cigarettes]=== | ===2013: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22529223/ Nicotine levels in electronic cigarettes]=== | ||
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*Citation: Harlow AF, Stokes A, Brooks DR. Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Differences in E-Cigarette Uptake Among Cigarette Smokers: Longitudinal Analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019;21(10):1385-1393. doi:10.1093/ntr/nty141 | *Citation: Harlow AF, Stokes A, Brooks DR. Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Differences in E-Cigarette Uptake Among Cigarette Smokers: Longitudinal Analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019;21(10):1385-1393. doi:10.1093/ntr/nty141 | ||
*Acknowledgement: Research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and the Center for Tobacco Products under Award Number P50HL120163. | *Acknowledgement: Research was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health and the Center for Tobacco Products under Award Number P50HL120163. | ||
===2016: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5086748/?report=classic Racial/Ethnic Differences in Electronic Cigarette Use and Reasons for Use among Current and Former Smokers: Findings from a Community-Based Sample]=== | ===2016: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5086748/?report=classic Racial/Ethnic Differences in Electronic Cigarette Use and Reasons for Use among Current and Former Smokers: Findings from a Community-Based Sample]=== | ||
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=Regulations (not including taxes)= | =Regulations (not including taxes)= | ||
===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37452656/ Impacts of EU Tobacco Products Directive regulations on use of e-cigarettes in adolescents in Great Britain: a natural experiment evaluation.]=== | |||
* Moore G, Hallingberg B, Brown R, McKell J, Van Godwin J, Bauld L, Gray L, Maynard O, Mackintosh AM, Munafò M, Blackwell A, Lowthian E, Page N. Public Health Res (Southampt). 2023 Jun;11(5):1-102. doi: 10.3310/WTMH3198. PMID: 37452656 | |||
* A report on the impacts of the EU Tobacco Products Directive (TPD) on youth e-cigarette use in Great Britain, with special focus on testing the renormalization hypothesis (a specific version of ‘gateway’ in which the effect is hypothesized to occur through the mechanism of social norms). This report examines national survey data of youth (aged 13-15) from England, Scotland, and Wales, using an interrupted time series analysis of TPD regulations. | |||
** '''''Results:''''' ''Ever smoking continued to decline alongside the emergence of e-cigarettes, with a slight slowing in decline for regular use… Young people described e-cigarettes as a fad and indicated limited interaction with components of the [TPD] regulations. In primary statistical analyses in Wales, growth in ever use of e-cigarettes prior to [TPD] regulations did not continue after implementation… Data from England and Scotland exhibited a similar pattern. Smoking followed the opposite pattern, declining prior to the [TPD] regulations, but plateauing as growth in e-cigarette use stalled.'' | |||
* Once again, these data show an inverse relationship between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking trends, suggesting substitution. Whether or not TPD regulations causally stopped the increase in e-cigarette use is still unresolved to me (i.e., it’s also possible that it was truly a social fad that to some extent burned out on its own). However, this report shows that if the decline in e-cigarette use can be attributed to TPD, then one must face the uncomfortable conclusion that it also stopped the decline in cigarette smoking. | |||
* Regarding the renormalization hypothesis, this is not supported by the data: the proportion of youth who agree with the statements “trying smoking is OK” and “smoking regularly is OK” declined substantially over the time period when e-cigarette use was increasing, which is what the opposite of what the renormalization hypothesis would predict (much like the population-level smoking trends contradict what the gateway hypothesis would predict). This follows other informative work by Britt Hallingberg and colleagues (e.g. here) that also tests – and fails to support – the renormalization hypothesis (which is often assumed by its proponents without citing empirical evidence). | |||
=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37161460/ The impact of JUUL market entry on cigarette sales: evidence from a major chain retailer in Canada.] === | === 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37161460/ The impact of JUUL market entry on cigarette sales: evidence from a major chain retailer in Canada.] === | ||
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*Citation: Hall, W., Gartner, C., & Forlini, C. (2015). Ethical issues raised by a ban on the sale of electronic nicotine devices. Addiction, 110(7), 1061–1067. doi:10.1111/add.12898 | *Citation: Hall, W., Gartner, C., & Forlini, C. (2015). Ethical issues raised by a ban on the sale of electronic nicotine devices. Addiction, 110(7), 1061–1067. doi:10.1111/add.12898 | ||
*Acknowledgement: C.G. is supported by an NHMRC Career Development Award. C.F. is supported by funding from the Australia Research Council for research on the use of stimulant drugs as cognitive enhancers. We would like to thank Sarah Yeates for her assistance in preparing this paper for publication. | *Acknowledgement: C.G. is supported by an NHMRC Career Development Award. C.F. is supported by funding from the Australia Research Council for research on the use of stimulant drugs as cognitive enhancers. We would like to thank Sarah Yeates for her assistance in preparing this paper for publication. | ||
=Taxes= | =Taxes= | ||
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**Keywords | **Keywords | ||
**Other | **Other | ||
=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37756034/ Mobile Phone Text Messages to Support People to Stop Smoking by Switching to Vaping: Codevelopment, Coproduction, and Initial Testing Study.] === | |||
* smoking cessation using vaping. Also, an important aspect of this is the 'co-production' of messaging with the affected community. | |||
* This study underscores the potential benefits of co production in health research, including the ability to target community needs, engage community stakeholders, and promote person-centered practices. The co developed mobile phone SMS text message program has the potential to support smokers to quit smoking using a vape. However, the rapidly changing e-cigarette landscape suggests that further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of the co developed SMS text message program by considering disposable vapes. Despite the aforementioned limitations, the program was perceived as effective by participants in phase 3, highlighting the potential benefits of incorporating community perspectives and expertise in the development of smoking cessation interventions. | |||
* Sideropoulos V, Vangeli E, Naughton F, Cox S, Frings D, Notley C, Brown J, Kimber C, Dawkins L. JMIR Form Res. 2023 Sep 27;7:e49668. doi: 10.2196/49668. PMID: 37756034 | |||
=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37561572/ e-Cigarette Use and the Cessation of Tobacco Cigarette Smoking: Protocol for an Umbrella Review.] === | |||
* O'Leary R, Polosa R. JMIR Res Protoc. 2023 Aug 10;12:e47711. doi: 10.2196/47711. PMID: 37561572 | |||
* A protocol for an umbrella review: a systematic review of systematic reviews of ENDS for smoking cessation: | |||
** Methods: The search will retrieve systematic reviews that include both clinical trials and experimental studies on the use of ENDS for smoking cessation. We will also include nonrandomized cohort studies that track ENDS use and the subsequent abstinence from smoking. | |||
** Results: A second-order meta-analysis will calculate the range and average of quit rates for ENDS. A vote counting of the direction of effect, based on quit rates, will be used to present the relative effectiveness of ENDS for smoking cessation compared to other cessation treatments (including no treatment)… A sensitivity analysis will examine the impact of the intensity of cessation treatment on quit rates… Reporting bias will be presented with a tabulation of bias indicators. Publication bias will be assessed. | |||
* Of course we have the excellent Cochrane systematic review [https://www.cochrane.org/CD010216/TOBACCO can-electronic-cigarettes-help-people-stop-smoking-and-do-they-have-any-unwanted-effects-when-used (here)], but there are also other systematic reviews on the topic that don’t necessarily align with the findings of the gold-standard Cochrane one. This umbrella review could be useful in adding another layer to the evidence base, especially since it will be assessing different types of bias. | |||
* This umbrella review also has a novel angle compared to other systematic reviews, because it will include nonrandomized studies as well. Since most randomized studies are done in the context of a medical approach to cessation, they are often (though not always) limited to the minority who actively want to quit smoking soon. While nonrandomized studies have their own limitations, one advantage is that they more often include people who use ENDS as an alternative consumer product rather than as a medical cessation aid, making these studies more relevant to the majority of people who smoke. | |||
* Definitely one to keep an eye on... | |||
=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37041075/ Vaping and socioeconomic inequalities in smoking cessation and relapse: a longitudinal analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study.] === | === 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37041075/ Vaping and socioeconomic inequalities in smoking cessation and relapse: a longitudinal analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study.] === | ||
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===[https://www.lungcancerjournal.info/article/S0169-5002(16)30323-3/fulltext Patients with lung cancer: Are electronic cigarettes harmful or useful?]=== | ===2016: [https://www.lungcancerjournal.info/article/S0169-5002(16)30323-3/fulltext Patients with lung cancer: Are electronic cigarettes harmful or useful?]=== | ||
Based on current knowledge, for patients with lung or other forms of cancer who would otherwise continue to smoke, e-cigarettes offer an alternative way to quit smoking while they undergo medical treatment. The option to switch to e-cigarettes should be considered by healthcare practitioners with patients with cancer who would otherwise continue to smoke | *Based on current knowledge, for patients with lung or other forms of cancer who would otherwise continue to smoke, e-cigarettes offer an alternative way to quit smoking while they undergo medical treatment. The option to switch to e-cigarettes should be considered by healthcare practitioners with patients with cancer who would otherwise continue to smoke. | ||
===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6043356/ Electronic cigarette use among patients with cancer: Reasons for use, beliefs, and patient-provider communication]=== | |||
*Patients with cancer who use e-cigarettes have positive attitudes toward these devices and use them to aid in smoking cessation. | |||
=More Information= | =More Information= | ||
*Click on the category link below for more studies by topic on ENDS and Nicotine. | *Click on the category link below for more studies by topic on ENDS and Nicotine. | ||
[[Category:Studies, Surveys, and Papers]] | [[index.php?title=Category:Studies, Surveys, and Papers]] | ||
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