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===2020 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33086157/ A comparison of product dependence among cigarette only, ENDS only, and dual users: Findings from Wave 3 (2015-2016) of the PATH study]=== | ===2020 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33086157/ A comparison of product dependence among cigarette only, ENDS only, and dual users: Findings from Wave 3 (2015-2016) of the PATH study]=== | ||
* | * | ||
===2019: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31278802/ 2019 Perceived relative harm of using e-cigarettes predicts future product switching among US adult cigarette and e-cigarette dual users]=== | ===2019: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31278802/ 2019 Perceived relative harm of using e-cigarettes predicts future product switching among US adult cigarette and e-cigarette dual users]=== | ||
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*Citation:: Lauren R. Pacek, Olga Rass, Maggie M. Sweitzer, Jason A. Oliver & F. Joseph McClernon (2019): Young adult dual combusted cigarette and e-cigarette users’ anticipated responses to hypothetical e-cigarette market restrictions, Substance Use & Misuse, DOI:10.1080/10826084.2019.1626435 | *Citation:: Lauren R. Pacek, Olga Rass, Maggie M. Sweitzer, Jason A. Oliver & F. Joseph McClernon (2019): Young adult dual combusted cigarette and e-cigarette users’ anticipated responses to hypothetical e-cigarette market restrictions, Substance Use & Misuse, DOI:10.1080/10826084.2019.1626435 | ||
*Acklnowledgement: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (K01DA043413, K23DA039294, and K23DA042898). The funding source had no other role other than financial support. | *Acklnowledgement: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (K01DA043413, K23DA039294, and K23DA042898). The funding source had no other role other than financial support. | ||
===2018 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6324349/ Comparison of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure in Users of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes]=== | |||
*In this population-based cohort study of 5105 participants, current exclusive e-cigarette users had greater concentrations of biomarkers of nicotine, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, volatile organic compounds, and metals compared with never tobacco users. However, these concentrations were lower than those observed in current exclusive cigarette smokers and dual users of both products. | |||
*[https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3A0923e7cd-7d55-45fc-923e-4ad06343a73e#pageNum=1 PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Goniewicz ML, Smith DM, Edwards KC, Blount BC, Caldwell KL, Feng J, Wang L, Christensen C, Ambrose B, Borek N, van Bemmel D, Konkel K, Erives G, Stanton CA, Lambert E, Kimmel HL, Hatsukami D, Hecht SS, Niaura RS, Travers M, Lawrence C, Hyland AJ. Comparison of Nicotine and Toxicant Exposure in Users of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes. JAMA Netw Open. 2018 Dec 7;1(8):e185937. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.5937. PMID: 30646298; PMCID: PMC6324349. | |||
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*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800112/pdf/ijerph-15-00012.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800112/pdf/ijerph-15-00012.pdf PDF Version] | ||
*Citation: Adriaens K, Van Gucht D, Baeyens F. Differences between Dual Users and Switchers Center around Vaping Behavior and Its Experiences Rather than Beliefs and Attitudes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Dec 23;15(1):12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010012. PMID: 29295483; PMCID: PMC5800112. | *Citation: Adriaens K, Van Gucht D, Baeyens F. Differences between Dual Users and Switchers Center around Vaping Behavior and Its Experiences Rather than Beliefs and Attitudes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Dec 23;15(1):12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010012. PMID: 29295483; PMCID: PMC5800112. | ||
===2016 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940751/ Reductions in biomarkers of exposure, impacts on smoking urge and assessment of product use and tolerability in adult smokers following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes]=== | |||
*Subjects switching to e-cigarettes had significantly lower levels (29 %–95 %) of urinary [[Special:MyLanguage/Abbreviations|BoE]]s after 5 days. Nicotine equivalents declined by 25 %–40 %. | |||
*Dual users who substituted half of their self-reported daily cigarette consumption with e-cigarettes experienced 7 %–38 % reductions, but had increases (1 %–20 %) in nicotine equivalents. | |||
*Blood nicotine biomarker levels were lower in the cessation (75 %–96 %) and e-cigarette use groups (11 %–83 %); dual users had no significant reductions. | |||
*All groups experienced significant decreases in exhaled CO (27 %–89 %). Exhaled NO increases (46 %–63 %) were observed in the cessation and e-cigarette use groups; dual users had minimal changes. | |||
*By Day 5, all groups had greater reductions in smoking urge compared to cessation. However, reductions were larger in the dual use group. | |||
*No serious adverse events were observed. | |||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940751/pdf/12889_2016_Article_3236.pdf PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: D'Ruiz CD, Graff DW, Robinson E. Reductions in biomarkers of exposure, impacts on smoking urge and assessment of product use and tolerability in adult smokers following partial or complete substitution of cigarettes with electronic cigarettes. BMC Public Health. 2016 Jul 11;16:543. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3236-1. PMID: 27401980; PMCID: PMC4940751. | |||
*Acknowledgement: This study was funded by Fontem Ventures B.V., a fully owned subsidiary of Imperial Brands plc, and the manufacturer of the e-cigarette products used in this study. | |||
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=Economic Impact= | =Economic Impact= | ||
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