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=Dual Use= | =Dual Use= | ||
===2021: Testimony in Netherlands pertaining to a potential flavour / flavor ban: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]=== | |||
*Signed by 24 experts from around the world | |||
*Covers 12 key points including dual use | |||
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*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800112/pdf/ijerph-15-00012.pdf PDF Version] | *[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5800112/pdf/ijerph-15-00012.pdf PDF Version] | ||
*Citation: Adriaens K, Van Gucht D, Baeyens F. Differences between Dual Users and Switchers Center around Vaping Behavior and Its Experiences Rather than Beliefs and Attitudes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Dec 23;15(1):12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010012. PMID: 29295483; PMCID: PMC5800112. | *Citation: Adriaens K, Van Gucht D, Baeyens F. Differences between Dual Users and Switchers Center around Vaping Behavior and Its Experiences Rather than Beliefs and Attitudes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 Dec 23;15(1):12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010012. PMID: 29295483; PMCID: PMC5800112. | ||
=Economic Impact= | =Economic Impact= | ||
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=Flavors= | =Flavors= | ||
===2021: Testimony in Netherlands pertaining to a potential flavour / flavor ban: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]=== | |||
*Signed by 24 experts from around the world | |||
*Covers 12 key points | |||
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*Citation: Farsalinos, K., Romagna, G., Tsiapras, D., Kyrzopoulos, S., Spyrou, A., & Voudris, V. (2013). Impact of Flavour Variability on Electronic Cigarette Use Experience: An Internet Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(12), 7272–7282. doi:10.3390/ijerph10127272 | *Citation: Farsalinos, K., Romagna, G., Tsiapras, D., Kyrzopoulos, S., Spyrou, A., & Voudris, V. (2013). Impact of Flavour Variability on Electronic Cigarette Use Experience: An Internet Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(12), 7272–7282. doi:10.3390/ijerph10127272 | ||
*Acknowledgement: No funding was received for this study. | *Acknowledgement: No funding was received for this study. | ||
=Nicotine Levels= | =Nicotine Levels= | ||
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=Quitting Smoking: E-cigarette vs. NRT OR E-cigarette with NRT= | =Quitting Smoking: E-cigarette vs. NRT OR E-cigarette with NRT= | ||
===2021: [https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-021-00475-7 Electronic cigarettes in standard smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders: E-cigarette users show similar if not higher quit rates as those using commonly recommended smoking cessation aids]=== | |||
*One third of the total sample was biochemically verified smoking abstinent 7 months after quit date, with e-cigarette users (40%) having significantly higher chances to be smoking abstinent than NRT users (23%). | |||
*[https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12954-021-00475-7.pdf PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Adriaens, K., Belmans, E., Van Gucht, D. et al. Electronic cigarettes in standard smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders: E-cigarette users show similar if not higher quit rates as those using commonly recommended smoking cessation aids. Harm Reduct J 18, 28 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00475-7 | |||
*Acknowledgement: This research received no external funding. EB is supported by a PhD-fellowship of the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen; 1177820N). | |||
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===2011: Successful smoking cessation with electronic cigarettes in smokers with a documented history of recurring relapses: a case series=== | ===2011: Successful smoking cessation with electronic cigarettes in smokers with a documented history of recurring relapses: a case series=== | ||
The most important message from this case series is that these smokers, with a documented history of recurring relapses, were able to quit smoking and to remain abstinent for at least six months after taking up an electronic cigarette. | The most important message from this case series is that these smokers, with a documented history of recurring relapses, were able to quit smoking and to remain abstinent for at least six months after taking up an electronic cigarette. | ||
=Quitting Smoking / Preventing Relapse (No comparison to other methods)= | =Quitting Smoking / Preventing Relapse (No comparison to other methods)= | ||
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=Regulations and Taxes= | =Regulations and Taxes= | ||
===2021: Testimony in Netherlands pertaining to a potential flavour / flavor ban: [https://www.clivebates.com/documents/NLFlavoursResponseJan2021.pdf Regulation of e-cigarette flavours – a response]=== | |||
*Signed by 24 experts from around the world | |||
*Covers 12 key points | |||
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We provide some of the first evidence on how e-cigarette taxes impact adult smokers, exploiting the large tax increase in Minnesota. That state was the first to impose a tax on e-cigarettes by extending the definition of tobacco products to include e-cigarettes. This tax, which is 95% of the wholesale price, provides a plausibly exogenous deterrent to e-cigarette use. | We provide some of the first evidence on how e-cigarette taxes impact adult smokers, exploiting the large tax increase in Minnesota. That state was the first to impose a tax on e-cigarettes by extending the definition of tobacco products to include e-cigarettes. This tax, which is 95% of the wholesale price, provides a plausibly exogenous deterrent to e-cigarette use. | ||
Our results suggest that in the sample period about 32,400 additional adult smokers would have quit smoking in Minnesota in the absence of the tax. If this tax were imposed on a national level about 1.8 million smokers would be deterred from quitting in a ten year period. The taxation of e-cigarettes at the same rate as cigarettes could deter more than 2.75 million smokers nationally from quitting in the same period. | Our results suggest that in the sample period about 32,400 additional adult smokers would have quit smoking in Minnesota in the absence of the tax. If this tax were imposed on a national level about 1.8 million smokers would be deterred from quitting in a ten year period. The taxation of e-cigarettes at the same rate as cigarettes could deter more than 2.75 million smokers nationally from quitting in the same period. | ||
===2019 [https://www.nber.org/papers/w26126 The Effect of E-Cigarette Taxes on Pre-pregnancy and Prenatal Smoking]=== | |||
*We show that e-cigarette taxes increase pre-pregnancy smoking, increase prenatal smoking, and lower smoking cessation during pregnancy. These findings imply that e-cigarettes and traditional cigarettes are substitutes among pregnant women. | |||
* [https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w26126/revisions/w26126.rev0.pdf PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: The Effect of E-Cigarette Taxes on Pre-Pregnancy and Prenatal Smoking, and Birth Outcomes - Rahi Abouk, Scott Adams, Bo Feng, Johanna Catherine Maclean, and Michael F. Pesko, NBER Working Paper No. 26126, July 2019, JEL No. I12 | |||
*Acknowledgements: Research reported in this publication was supported | |||
by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number | |||
R01DA045016 (PI: Michael Pesko). | |||
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Beneficence: ENDS could benefit addicted smokers by reducing their health risks if they use them to quit and do not engage in dual use. | Beneficence: ENDS could benefit addicted smokers by reducing their health risks if they use them to quit and do not engage in dual use. | ||
Distributive justice: lack of access to ENDS disadvantages smokers who want to reduce their health risks. Different national policies create inequalities in the availability of products to smokers internationally. | Distributive justice: lack of access to ENDS disadvantages smokers who want to reduce their health risks. Different national policies create inequalities in the availability of products to smokers internationally. | ||
=More Information= | =More Information= | ||
*Click on the category link below for more studies by topic on ENDS and Nicotine. | *Click on the category link below for more studies by topic on ENDS and Nicotine. | ||
[[Category:Studies, Surveys, and Papers]] | [[Category:Studies, Surveys, and Papers]] | ||
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