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='''Studies'''= | ='''Studies - Unintended Consequences - Increasing Smoking to Targeting the Poor'''= | ||
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**California had a 34 percent increase in people aged 18-24 who smoked after the passage of an e-cigarette tax. Deleware's increase was 48.6 percent. Pennsylvania passed a 40% wholesale tax on vapor products, which closed 1/3 of the vape shops in that state and increased smoking in the 18-24 year old age group by 19 percent. Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota and West Virginia also say increases in smoking in young adults after passing taxes on vapor products. | **California had a 34 percent increase in people aged 18-24 who smoked after the passage of an e-cigarette tax. Deleware's increase was 48.6 percent. Pennsylvania passed a 40% wholesale tax on vapor products, which closed 1/3 of the vape shops in that state and increased smoking in the 18-24 year old age group by 19 percent. Kansas, Louisiana, Minnesota and West Virginia also say increases in smoking in young adults after passing taxes on vapor products. | ||
*Peer-reviewed studies have found that high taxation rates on e-cigarettes increase smoking and/or prevent adult smokers from transitioning to less harmful alternatives. | *Peer-reviewed studies have found that high taxation rates on e-cigarettes increase smoking and/or prevent adult smokers from transitioning to less harmful alternatives. | ||
===2020: [https://filtermag.org/native-american-reservations-new-york-vape-shops/ Native American Reservations a Haven for New York Vape Shops]=== | ===2020: [https://filtermag.org/native-american-reservations-new-york-vape-shops/ Native American Reservations a Haven for New York Vape Shops]=== | ||
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*With all good intentions to reduce the underage use of a product designed for adults, the question remains: Is increasing excise taxes to punitive levels the best way to achieve this honorable target? Punitive excise levels not only impact minors but also limit the availability of vapor products to adults, who are trying to quit smoking. | *With all good intentions to reduce the underage use of a product designed for adults, the question remains: Is increasing excise taxes to punitive levels the best way to achieve this honorable target? Punitive excise levels not only impact minors but also limit the availability of vapor products to adults, who are trying to quit smoking. | ||
*It is a principle of good taxation policy that taxes remain as neutral as possible. That means taxes should neither encourage nor discourage personal or business decisions. Legislators should pass regulations rather than adopt taxes to achieve regulatory goals. Furthermore, they should make sure that current regulations are enforced. | *It is a principle of good taxation policy that taxes remain as neutral as possible. That means taxes should neither encourage nor discourage personal or business decisions. Legislators should pass regulations rather than adopt taxes to achieve regulatory goals. Furthermore, they should make sure that current regulations are enforced. | ||
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='''Unintended Consequences of Taxes and Bans'''= | ='''Unintended Consequences of Taxes and Bans - Law Enforcement'''= | ||
===[https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/eric-garner-dies-nypd-chokehold Eric Garner dies in NYPD chokehold]=== | ===2014: [https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/eric-garner-dies-nypd-chokehold Eric Garner dies in NYPD chokehold]=== | ||
*Accused of selling "loosies" | *Accused of selling "loosies" | ||
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=''' | ='''Unintended Consequences - From Black Markets to Deals With Big Tobacco'''= | ||
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