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*Blood lead levels, and urinary cadmium, barium, and antimony levels were similar between participants who used e-cigarettes and participants who did not. | *Blood lead levels, and urinary cadmium, barium, and antimony levels were similar between participants who used e-cigarettes and participants who did not. | ||
*However, participants with a smoking history were more likely to have higher blood lead and urinary cadmium than participants who neither used e-cigarettes nor cigarettes. | *However, participants with a smoking history were more likely to have higher blood lead and urinary cadmium than participants who neither used e-cigarettes nor cigarettes. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126602 PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: R. Constance Wiener, Ruchi Bhandari, Association of electronic cigarette use with lead, cadmium, barium, and antimony body burden: NHANES 2015-2016, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Volume 62, 2020, 126602, ISSN 0946-672X, doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126602 | *Citation: R. Constance Wiener, Ruchi Bhandari, Association of electronic cigarette use with lead, cadmium, barium, and antimony body burden: NHANES 2015-2016, Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Volume 62, 2020, 126602, ISSN 0946-672X, doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126602 | ||
*Acknowledgement: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U54GM104942-4. The content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. | *Acknowledgement: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number U54GM104942-4. The content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. | ||
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*The IQOS heated tobacco product emits substantially lower levels of carbonyls than a commercial tobacco cigarette but higher levels than an e-cigarette. | *The IQOS heated tobacco product emits substantially lower levels of carbonyls than a commercial tobacco cigarette but higher levels than an e-cigarette. | ||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1111/add.14365 PDF Version] | *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1111/add.14365 PDF Version] | ||
*Farsalinos KE, Yannovits N, Sarri T, Voudris V, Poulas K, Leischow SJ. Carbonyl emissions from a novel heated tobacco product (IQOS): comparison with an e-cigarette and a tobacco cigarette. Addiction. 2018 Nov;113(11):2099-2106. doi: 10.1111/add.14365. Epub 2018 Jul 10. PMID: 29920842. | *Citation: Farsalinos KE, Yannovits N, Sarri T, Voudris V, Poulas K, Leischow SJ. Carbonyl emissions from a novel heated tobacco product (IQOS): comparison with an e-cigarette and a tobacco cigarette. Addiction. 2018 Nov;113(11):2099-2106. doi: 10.1111/add.14365. Epub 2018 Jul 10. PMID: 29920842. | ||
*Keywords: Carbonyls; electronic cigarettes; harm reduction; heated tobacco products; nicotine; smoking. | *Keywords: Carbonyls; electronic cigarettes; harm reduction; heated tobacco products; nicotine; smoking. | ||
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*Link above is to the PDF of 750 page report | *Link above is to the PDF of 750 page report | ||
*Citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/24952. | *Citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10.17226/24952. | ||
===2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5342216/ Benzene formation in electronic cigarettes]=== | |||
*The risks from benzene will be lower from e-cigarettes than from conventional cigarettes. | |||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5342216/pdf/pone.0173055.pdf PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Pankow JF, Kim K, McWhirter KJ, Luo W, Escobedo JO, Strongin RM, Duell AK, Peyton DH. Benzene formation in electronic cigarettes. PLoS One. 2017 Mar 8;12(3):e0173055. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173055. PMID: 28273096; PMCID: PMC5342216. | |||
*Acknowledgements: NIH and FDA supported this work via award R01ES025257. In particular, the work reported in this publication was supported by NIEHS and the FDA Center for Tobacco Products (CTP). | |||
===2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435921/ Comparative tumor promotion assessment of e‐cigarette and cigarettes using the in vitro Bhas 42 cell transformation assay]=== | |||
*Results from this study suggest that e‐cigarettes may have reduced tumor promoter activity compared to conventional cigarettes and therefore may provide a safer alternative to cigarettes. | |||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435921/pdf/EM-58-190.pdf PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Breheny D, Oke O, Pant K, Gaça M. Comparative tumor promotion assessment of e-cigarette and cigarettes using the in vitro Bhas 42 cell transformation assay. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2017 May;58(4):190-198. doi: 10.1002/em.22091. PMID: 28444993; PMCID: PMC5435921. | |||
*Acknowledgements: The authors are employees of British American Tobacco or BioReliance Corporation. BioReliance conducted all experimental work and were funded by British American Tobacco. Nicoventures, UK, is a wholly‐owned subsidiary of British American Tobacco. | |||
===2017 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691517305033 E-cigarettes emit very high formaldehyde levels only in conditions that are aversive to users: A replication study under verified realistic use conditions]=== | |||
*In realistic conditions, formaldehyde in e-cigarettes is lower than cigarette smoke | |||
*The high levels of formaldehyde emissions that were reported in a previous study were caused by unrealistic use conditions that create the unpleasant taste of dry puffs to e-cigarette users and are thus avoided. | |||
*The study shows the critical need to verify that realistic use conditions are tested in laboratory studies of e-cigarette emissions. This would ensure that abuse of devices in the laboratory setting is avoided and that findings have clinical relevance and represent realistic exposure of e-cigarette users. | |||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.044 PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Konstantinos E. Farsalinos, Vassilis Voudris, Alketa Spyrou, Konstantinos Poulas, E-cigarettes emit very high formaldehyde levels only in conditions that are aversive to users: A replication study under verified realistic use conditions, Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 109, Part 1, 2017, Pages 90-94, ISSN 0278-6915, doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.08.044. | |||
*Keywords: Smoking; Electronic cigarette; Formaldehyde; Dry puff; Aerosol | |||
===2017 [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/26/e1/e23.long Have combustible cigarettes met their match? The nicotine delivery profiles and harmful constituent exposures of second-generation and third-generation electronic cigarette users]=== | |||
*While not harmless, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have demonstrated a much more favourable (favorable) toxicological profile than combustible cigarettes—the worldwide leading cause of preventable death. Average eCO levels (ppm) were significantly higher in smokers than in e-cigarette users. Compared with cigarettes, G2 and G3 e-cigarettes resulted in significantly lower levels of exposure to a potent lung carcinogen and cardiovascular toxicant. | |||
*[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/26/e1/e23.full.pdf PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Wagener TL, Floyd EL, Stepanov I, et alHave combustible cigarettes met their match? The nicotine delivery profiles and harmful constituent exposures of second-generation and third-generation electronic cigarette usersTobacco Control 2017;26:e23-e28. | |||
*Acknowledgements: Intramural funds to TLW were used to complete this study. Part of TLW’s, ELF’s, LMD’s, ELL’s, NM’s, APT’s, and LQ’s salary support is provided by the Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, which is provided funding from the Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust. The Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources (U54 GM104938) provided phlebotomy support to this study. | |||
==ENDS (without comparison to other products)== | ==ENDS (without comparison to other products)== | ||
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