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='''Nicotine Pouches'''= | ='''Nicotine Pouches'''= | ||
===2024: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10944327/ Tobacco-Free Nicotine Pouches and Their Potential Contribution to Tobacco Harm Reduction: A Scoping Review]=== | |||
*Based on the reviewed evidence, TFNPs contain significantly fewer and lower levels of harmful chemicals, have a reduced toxicological impact compared to cigarette smoke, and may convey lower health risks compared to smoking. | |||
*Citation: Grandolfo E, Ogden H, Fearon IM, Malt L, Stevenson M, Weaver S, Nahde T. Tobacco-Free Nicotine Pouches and Their Potential Contribution to Tobacco Harm Reduction: A Scoping Review. Cureus. 2024 Feb 15;16(2):e54228. doi: 10.7759/cureus.54228. PMID: 38496069; PMCID: PMC10944327. | |||
===2022: [https://f1000research.com/articles/9-1225#f1 Nicotine products relative risk assessment: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations<nowiki>]</nowiki> Previously titled: Nicotine products relative risk assessment: a systematic review and meta-analysis]=== | ===2022: [https://f1000research.com/articles/9-1225#f1 Nicotine products relative risk assessment: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations<nowiki>]</nowiki> Previously titled: Nicotine products relative risk assessment: a systematic review and meta-analysis]=== | ||
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*Citation: Murkett R, Rugh M and Ding B. Nicotine products relative risk assessment: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2022, 9:1225 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26762.2) | *Citation: Murkett R, Rugh M and Ding B. Nicotine products relative risk assessment: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]. F1000Research 2022, 9:1225 (https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.26762.2) | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
='''Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)'''= | ='''Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)'''= | ||
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*There was moderate‐certainty that NRT reduced weight at end of treatment and moderate‐certainty that the effect may be similar at 12 months, although the estimates are too imprecise to assess long‐term benefit. | *There was moderate‐certainty that NRT reduced weight at end of treatment and moderate‐certainty that the effect may be similar at 12 months, although the estimates are too imprecise to assess long‐term benefit. | ||
*Citation: Hartmann-Boyce J, Theodoulou A, Farley A, Hajek P, Lycett D, Jones LL, Kudlek L, Heath L, Hajizadeh A, Schenkels M, Aveyard P. Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD006219. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub4. Accessed 17 March 2024. | *Citation: Hartmann-Boyce J, Theodoulou A, Farley A, Hajek P, Lycett D, Jones LL, Kudlek L, Heath L, Hajizadeh A, Schenkels M, Aveyard P. Interventions for preventing weight gain after smoking cessation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2021, Issue 10. Art. No.: CD006219. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006219.pub4. Accessed 17 March 2024. | ||
===2003: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/12/2/124 Estimating the health consequences of replacing cigarettes with nicotine inhalers]=== | |||
*Prevention of tobacco use is historically difficult in spite of clear health hazards. Regulatory responses to the problem are tenuous and subject to reversal or delay as political and economic fortunes change. A lasting reduction in tobacco related illness might result from unleashing clean alternative nicotine delivery systems to compete directly with tobacco products. Even if used very broadly, clean inhaled nicotine might reduce public health problems as much as a very successful tobacco control programme. | |||
*[https://sci-hub.wf/10.2307/20208116 PDF] | |||
*Citation: W. Sumner II (2003). Estimating the Health Consequences of Replacing Cigarettes with Nicotine Inhalers. Tobacco Control, 12(2), 124–132. doi:10.2307/20208116 | |||
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*A potential implication of these results is that flavorless E-liquids and their generated aerosol induce less tooth decay and periodontal disease than traditional cigarette smoke. | *A potential implication of these results is that flavorless E-liquids and their generated aerosol induce less tooth decay and periodontal disease than traditional cigarette smoke. | ||
*A case for improving oral health (and overall health) could be made by federal health regulatory agencies for promoting the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems over the use of traditional cigarettes as a means of harm reduction. | *A case for improving oral health (and overall health) could be made by federal health regulatory agencies for promoting the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems over the use of traditional cigarettes as a means of harm reduction. | ||
*Citation: | *Citation: Nelson JM, Cuadra GA, Palazzolo DL. A Comparison of Flavorless Electronic Cigarette-Generated Aerosol and Conventional Cigarette Smoke on the Planktonic Growth of Common Oral Commensal Streptococci. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 9;16(24):5004. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16245004. PMID: 31835369; PMCID: PMC6949915. | ||
===2019: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30361795/ Impact of cigarette smoking and vaping on the outcome of full-mouth ultrasonic scaling among patients with gingival inflammation: a prospective study]=== | ===2019: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30361795/ Impact of cigarette smoking and vaping on the outcome of full-mouth ultrasonic scaling among patients with gingival inflammation: a prospective study]=== | ||
*There are no studies that have assessed the oral soft tissue response to full-mouth ultrasonic scaling (FMUS) among cigarette-smokers (CS) (group 1), individuals vaping electronic-cigarettes (E-cigs) (group 2), and never-smokers (NS) (group 3). The aim was to assess the impact of cigarette smoking and vaping on periodontal tissues following FMUS. | *There are no studies that have assessed the oral soft tissue response to full-mouth ultrasonic scaling (FMUS) among cigarette-smokers (CS) (group 1), individuals vaping electronic-cigarettes (E-cigs) (group 2), and never-smokers (NS) (group 3). The aim was to assess the impact of cigarette smoking and vaping on periodontal tissues following FMUS. | ||
*Following FMUS, gingival inflammation is worse in CS compared with individuals vaping E-cigs and NS. | *Following FMUS, gingival inflammation is worse in CS compared with individuals vaping E-cigs and NS. | ||
*Citation: | *Citation: ALHarthi SS, BinShabaib M, Akram Z, Rahman I, Romanos GE, Javed F. Impact of cigarette smoking and vaping on the outcome of full-mouth ultrasonic scaling among patients with gingival inflammation: a prospective study. Clin Oral Investig. 2019 Jun;23(6):2751-2758. doi: 10.1007/s00784-018-2725-2. Epub 2018 Oct 26. PMID: 30361795. | ||
===2019: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31078071/ Clinical periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile among cigarette-smokers, electronic-cigarette users and never-smokers]=== | ===2019: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31078071/ Clinical periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile among cigarette-smokers, electronic-cigarette users and never-smokers]=== | ||
*Periodontal status is poorer and GCF levels of proinflammatory cytokines are higher in cigarette-smokers compared with electronic-cigarette smokers and never-smokers. However, the probability of increased periodontal inflammation and GCF proinflammatory cytokine levels in electronic-cigarette users than never-smokers cannot be annulled. | *Periodontal status is poorer and GCF levels of proinflammatory cytokines are higher in cigarette-smokers compared with electronic-cigarette smokers and never-smokers. However, the probability of increased periodontal inflammation and GCF proinflammatory cytokine levels in electronic-cigarette users than never-smokers cannot be annulled. | ||
*Citation: | *Citation: BinShabaib M, ALHarthi SS, Akram Z, Khan J, Rahman I, Romanos GE, Javed F. Clinical periodontal status and gingival crevicular fluid cytokine profile among cigarette-smokers, electronic-cigarette users and never-smokers. Arch Oral Biol. 2019 Jun;102:212-217. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.001. Epub 2019 May 3. PMID: 31078071. | ||
===2018: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691518303491 Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes on human gingival fibroblast proliferation, migration and apoptosis]=== | ===2018: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278691518303491 Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes on human gingival fibroblast proliferation, migration and apoptosis]=== | ||
*The damage to gingival fibroblasts was greater with conventional cigarette smoke condensate than with nicotine-rich e-vapor condensate. | *The damage to gingival fibroblasts was greater with conventional cigarette smoke condensate than with nicotine-rich e-vapor condensate. | ||
*Citation: | *Citation: Alanazi, Humidah; Park, Hyun Jin; Chakir, Jamila; Semlali, Abdelhabib; Rouabhia, Mahmoud (2018). Comparative study of the effects of cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes on human gingival fibroblast proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 118(), 390–398. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.049 | ||
===2018: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30346667/ Assessment of enamel discoloration in vitro following exposure to cigarette smoke and emissions from novel vapor and tobacco heating products]=== | ===2018: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30346667/ Assessment of enamel discoloration in vitro following exposure to cigarette smoke and emissions from novel vapor and tobacco heating products]=== | ||
*For the first time, diverse NGPs [next generation tobacco and nicotine products] across the risk continuum were assessed in vitro for their impact on enamel staining. CS exposure significantly increased the level of bovine enamel sample discoloration, whereas THP1.0 [tobacco heated product] or NVP [nicotine vapor product] exposure resulted in values comparable to the controls. | *For the first time, diverse NGPs [next generation tobacco and nicotine products] across the risk continuum were assessed in vitro for their impact on enamel staining. CS exposure significantly increased the level of bovine enamel sample discoloration, whereas THP1.0 [tobacco heated product] or NVP [nicotine vapor product] exposure resulted in values comparable to the controls. | ||
*Citation: | *Citation: Dalrymple A, Badrock TC, Terry A, Barber M, Hall PJ, Thorne D, Gaca MD, Coburn S, Proctor C. Assessment of enamel discoloration in vitro following exposure to cigarette smoke and emissions from novel vapor and tobacco heating products. Am J Dent. 2018 Oct;31(5):227-233. PMID: 30346667. | ||
===2018: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5933315/ Effects of tobacco smoke and electronic cigarette vapor exposure on the oral and gut microbiota in humans: a pilot study]=== | ===2018: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5933315/ Effects of tobacco smoke and electronic cigarette vapor exposure on the oral and gut microbiota in humans: a pilot study]=== | ||
*In summary, we found that tobacco smoking significantly alters the bacterial profiles in feces, buccal, and saliva samples. Compared to controls, exposure to ECs had no effect on the oral or gut communities. Changes in the gut microbiota of tobacco smokers were associated with increased relative abundance of Prevotella and decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides. From a microbial ecology perspective, this study supports the perception that ECs represent a safer alternative to tobacco smoking. | *In summary, we found that tobacco smoking significantly alters the bacterial profiles in feces, buccal, and saliva samples. Compared to controls, exposure to ECs had no effect on the oral or gut communities. Changes in the gut microbiota of tobacco smokers were associated with increased relative abundance of Prevotella and decreased relative abundance of Bacteroides. From a microbial ecology perspective, this study supports the perception that ECs represent a safer alternative to tobacco smoking. | ||
*Citation: | *Citation: Stewart CJ, Auchtung TA, Ajami NJ, Velasquez K, Smith DP, De La Garza R 2nd, Salas R, Petrosino JF. Effects of tobacco smoke and electronic cigarette vapor exposure on the oral and gut microbiota in humans: a pilot study. PeerJ. 2018 Apr 30;6:e4693. doi: 10.7717/peerj.4693. Erratum in: PeerJ. 2018 Aug 23;6: PMID: 29736335; PMCID: PMC5933315. | ||
===2017: [https://aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1902/jop.2017.170197 Comparison of Periodontal Parameters and Self-Perceived Oral Symptoms Among Cigarette Smokers, Individuals Vaping Electronic Cigarettes, and Never-Smokers]=== | ===2017: [https://aap.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1902/jop.2017.170197 Comparison of Periodontal Parameters and Self-Perceived Oral Symptoms Among Cigarette Smokers, Individuals Vaping Electronic Cigarettes, and Never-Smokers]=== | ||
*To the authors’ knowledge, there are no studies that have compared periodontal parameters and self-perceived oral symptoms (OSs) among cigarette smokers (CSs) (group 1), individuals exclusively vaping electronic cigarettes (group 2), and never-smokers (NSs) (group 3). | *To the authors’ knowledge, there are no studies that have compared periodontal parameters and self-perceived oral symptoms (OSs) among cigarette smokers (CSs) (group 1), individuals exclusively vaping electronic cigarettes (group 2), and never-smokers (NSs) (group 3). | ||
*Periodontal inflammation and self-perceived OSs were poorer among CSs than among vaping individuals and NSs. | *Periodontal inflammation and self-perceived OSs were poorer among CSs than among vaping individuals and NSs. | ||
*Citation: | *Citation: Javed, F., Abduljabbar, T., Vohra, F., Malmstrom, H., Rahman, I. and Romanos, G.E. (2017), Comparison of Periodontal Parameters and Self-Perceived Oral Symptoms Among Cigarette Smokers, Individuals Vaping Electronic Cigarettes, and Never-Smokers. Journal of Periodontology, 88: 1059-1065. https://doi.org/10.1902/jop.2017.170197 | ||
===2016: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5068504/ Electronic Cigarette: Role in the Primary Prevention of Oral Cavity Cancer]=== | ===2016: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5068504/ Electronic Cigarette: Role in the Primary Prevention of Oral Cavity Cancer]=== | ||
*Cigarette smoke has been identified as the main cause of oral cavity carcinoma. ...in our in vivo study, the oral cavity cells of e-cigarette smokers showed CMN and TMN values similar to those of healthy controls, indicating the safety of e-cigarettes. The use of electronic cigarettes seems to be safe for oral cells and should be suggested as an aid to smoking cessation. | *Cigarette smoke has been identified as the main cause of oral cavity carcinoma. ...in our in vivo study, the oral cavity cells of e-cigarette smokers showed CMN and TMN values similar to those of healthy controls, indicating the safety of e-cigarettes. The use of electronic cigarettes seems to be safe for oral cells and should be suggested as an aid to smoking cessation. | ||
*Citation: | *Citation: Franco T, Trapasso S, Puzzo L, Allegra E. Electronic Cigarette: Role in the Primary Prevention of Oral Cavity Cancer. Clin Med Insights Ear Nose Throat. 2016 Oct 17;9:7-12. doi: 10.4137/CMENT.S40364. PMID: 27773997; PMCID: PMC5068504. | ||
===2015: [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607145405/https://www.dentalhealth.org/news/british-dental-health-foundation-responds-to-public-health-england-e-cigarette-review Oral Health Foundation: (Formerly known as the British Dental Health Foundation)]=== | ===2015: Article: [https://web.archive.org/web/20230607145405/https://www.dentalhealth.org/news/british-dental-health-foundation-responds-to-public-health-england-e-cigarette-review Oral Health Foundation: (Formerly known as the British Dental Health Foundation)]=== | ||
*"Smoking is the cause of many serious oral health problems, including worsening gum disease, which is one of the most common causes of caries in UK adults. It is also responsible for the majority or mouth cancers and is the direct cause of thousands of deaths every year. Every year almost seven thousand people in the UK are diagnosed with mouth cancer, and it leads to more deaths than testicular and cervical cancer combined." | *"Smoking is the cause of many serious oral health problems, including worsening gum disease, which is one of the most common causes of caries in UK adults. It is also responsible for the majority or mouth cancers and is the direct cause of thousands of deaths every year. Every year almost seven thousand people in the UK are diagnosed with mouth cancer, and it leads to more deaths than testicular and cervical cancer combined." | ||
*"We need to spread the message that e-cigarettes, while not risk free, are much less harmful than smoking, as currently nearly half the population are not aware of this… The British Dental Health Foundation believe that there is a long way to go to before we get to a smoke-free lifestyle but any way which smoking numbers can be cut, and therefore lives saved, is positive and one which we will support.” | *"We need to spread the message that e-cigarettes, while not risk free, are much less harmful than smoking, as currently nearly half the population are not aware of this… The British Dental Health Foundation believe that there is a long way to go to before we get to a smoke-free lifestyle but any way which smoking numbers can be cut, and therefore lives saved, is positive and one which we will support.” | ||
==Respiratory System== | ==Respiratory System== | ||
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===2022: [https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiol.211327 MRI Shows Lung Perfusion Changes after Vaping and Smoking]=== | ===2022: [https://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/radiol.211327 MRI Shows Lung Perfusion Changes after Vaping and Smoking]=== | ||
*MRI Shows Lung Perfusion Changes after Vaping and Smoking. MRI shows that the lungs of vapers have better blood circulation than those of smokers. | *MRI Shows Lung Perfusion Changes after Vaping and Smoking. MRI shows that the lungs of vapers have better blood circulation than those of smokers. | ||
*Citation: MRI Shows Lung Perfusion Changes after Vaping and Smoking | *Citation: MRI Shows Lung Perfusion Changes after Vaping and Smoking, Sylvia Nyilas, Grzegorz Bauman, Insa Korten, Orso Pusterla, Florian Singer, Michael Ith, Cindy Groen, Anna Schoeni, Johannes T. Heverhagen, Andreas Christe, Nicolas Rodondi, Oliver Bieri, Thomas Geiser, Reto Auer, Manuela Funke-Chambour, and Lukas Ebner Radiology 2022 304:1, 195-204 | ||
Sylvia Nyilas, Grzegorz Bauman, Insa Korten, Orso Pusterla, Florian Singer, Michael Ith, Cindy Groen, Anna Schoeni, Johannes T. Heverhagen, Andreas Christe, Nicolas Rodondi, Oliver Bieri, Thomas Geiser, Reto Auer, Manuela Funke-Chambour, and Lukas Ebner | |||
Radiology 2022 304:1, 195-204 | |||
===2021: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8371723/ Impact of exclusive e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products use on muco-ciliary clearance]=== | ===2021: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8371723/ Impact of exclusive e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products use on muco-ciliary clearance]=== | ||
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*...we are now confident that current vaping products are much less harmful than conventional cigarettes as well as earlier EC designs. | *...we are now confident that current vaping products are much less harmful than conventional cigarettes as well as earlier EC designs. | ||
*[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17476348.2019.1649146?needAccess=true PDF] | *[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17476348.2019.1649146?needAccess=true PDF] | ||
*Polosa, Riccardo; O’Leary, Renée; Tashkin, Donald; Emma, Rosalia; Caruso, Massimo (2019). The effect of e-cigarette aerosol emissions on respiratory health: a narrative review. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, (), 1–17. doi:10.1080/17476348.2019.1649146 | *Citation: Polosa, Riccardo; O’Leary, Renée; Tashkin, Donald; Emma, Rosalia; Caruso, Massimo (2019). The effect of e-cigarette aerosol emissions on respiratory health: a narrative review. Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, (), 1–17. doi:10.1080/17476348.2019.1649146 | ||
===2018: [https://www.dovepress.com/health-effects-in-copd-smokers-who-switch-to-electronic-cigarettes-a-r-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-COPD Health effects in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes: a retrospective-prospective 3-year follow-up]=== | ===2018: [https://www.dovepress.com/health-effects-in-copd-smokers-who-switch-to-electronic-cigarettes-a-r-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-COPD Health effects in COPD smokers who switch to electronic cigarettes: a retrospective-prospective 3-year follow-up]=== | ||
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*Although ECs are not risk free, they are much less harmful than conventional tobacco smoking. The emerging clinical evidence suggests that ECs are unlikely to raise significant health concerns for the respiratory tract under normal conditions of use, even in smokers with preexisting lung disease. In particular, recent studies in COPD and chronic asthma suggest that substitution of conventional tobacco cigarettes for ECs can ameliorate subjective and objective disease-related outcomes and exacerbation rates as well as improving success in abstaining from smoking long term. | *Although ECs are not risk free, they are much less harmful than conventional tobacco smoking. The emerging clinical evidence suggests that ECs are unlikely to raise significant health concerns for the respiratory tract under normal conditions of use, even in smokers with preexisting lung disease. In particular, recent studies in COPD and chronic asthma suggest that substitution of conventional tobacco cigarettes for ECs can ameliorate subjective and objective disease-related outcomes and exacerbation rates as well as improving success in abstaining from smoking long term. | ||
*[https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Aaa3f75b1-853a-484c-b692-f9ca7a5ee2d2&viewer%21megaVerb=group-discover PDF] | *[https://acrobat.adobe.com/link/track?uri=urn%3Aaaid%3Ascds%3AUS%3Aaa3f75b1-853a-484c-b692-f9ca7a5ee2d2&viewer%21megaVerb=group-discover PDF] | ||
*Morjaria JB, Mondati E, Polosa R. E-cigarettes in patients with COPD: current perspectives. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:3203-3210 https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S135323 | *Citation: Morjaria JB, Mondati E, Polosa R. E-cigarettes in patients with COPD: current perspectives. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2017;12:3203-3210 https://doi.org/10.2147/COPD.S135323 | ||
===2017: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5429854/ Reduced biological effect of e-cigarette aerosol compared to cigarette smoke evaluated in vitro using normalized nicotine dose and RNA-seq-based toxicogenomics]=== | ===2017: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5429854/ Reduced biological effect of e-cigarette aerosol compared to cigarette smoke evaluated in vitro using normalized nicotine dose and RNA-seq-based toxicogenomics]=== | ||
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** In studies on ENDS, it may be beneficial to use a panel of biomarkers | ** In studies on ENDS, it may be beneficial to use a panel of biomarkers | ||
* The biomarker levels of many tobacco-related toxicants measured in biological samples collected from ENDS users did not differ significantly from non-users, except for nicotine metabolites and a small number of biomarkers of exposure to volatile organic compounds and tobacco-specific tobacco nitrosamines. Several studies have shown that while exposed to nicotine, long-term exclusive ENDS users showed significantly lower levels of toxicant biomarkers than cigarette smokers. | * The biomarker levels of many tobacco-related toxicants measured in biological samples collected from ENDS users did not differ significantly from non-users, except for nicotine metabolites and a small number of biomarkers of exposure to volatile organic compounds and tobacco-specific tobacco nitrosamines. Several studies have shown that while exposed to nicotine, long-term exclusive ENDS users showed significantly lower levels of toxicant biomarkers than cigarette smokers. | ||
* Goniewicz ML. Addict Neurosci. 2023 Jun;6:100077. doi: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100077. Epub 2023 Feb 26. PMID: 3708924 | *Citation: Goniewicz ML. Addict Neurosci. 2023 Jun;6:100077. doi: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100077. Epub 2023 Feb 26. PMID: 3708924 | ||
===2023: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-44626-1 Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of electronic cigarettes emission aerosols compared to cigarette smoke: the REPLICA project]=== | ===2023: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-44626-1 Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of electronic cigarettes emission aerosols compared to cigarette smoke: the REPLICA project]=== | ||
*The results showed high cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity induced by cigarette smoke, but slight or no cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects induced by the e-cigarette aerosol. Although the two studies presented some methodological differences, the findings supported those previously presented by Rudd and colleagues. | *The results showed high cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity induced by cigarette smoke, but slight or no cytotoxic, mutagenic and genotoxic effects induced by the e-cigarette aerosol. Although the two studies presented some methodological differences, the findings supported those previously presented by Rudd and colleagues. | ||
*Emma, R., Fuochi, V., Distefano, A., Partsinevelos, K., Rust, S., Zadjali, F., Al Tobi, M., Zadjali, R., Alharthi, Z., Pulvirenti, R., Furneri, P. M., Polosa, R., Sun, A., Caruso, M., & Li Volti, G. (2023). Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of electronic cigarettes emission aerosols compared to cigarette smoke: The REPLICA project. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44626-1 | *Citation: Emma, R., Fuochi, V., Distefano, A., Partsinevelos, K., Rust, S., Zadjali, F., Al Tobi, M., Zadjali, R., Alharthi, Z., Pulvirenti, R., Furneri, P. M., Polosa, R., Sun, A., Caruso, M., & Li Volti, G. (2023). Cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of electronic cigarettes emission aerosols compared to cigarette smoke: The REPLICA project. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44626-1 | ||
===2022: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35858275/ Increased Levels of the Acrolein Metabolite 3-Hydroxypropyl Mercapturic Acid in the Urine of e-Cigarette Users]=== | ===2022: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35858275/ Increased Levels of the Acrolein Metabolite 3-Hydroxypropyl Mercapturic Acid in the Urine of e-Cigarette Users]=== | ||
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