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Myth: Alternative nicotine products are as dangerous as smoking: Difference between revisions

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Myth: Alternative nicotine products are as dangerous as smoking (view source)

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*Use of an ENDS with cigarette-like nicotine delivery can reduce exposure to a major pulmonary carcinogen, NNAL, even with concurrent smoking  
*Use of an ENDS with cigarette-like nicotine delivery can reduce exposure to a major pulmonary carcinogen, NNAL, even with concurrent smoking  
*Citation: Caroline O Cobb, Jonathan Foulds, Miao-Shan Yen, Susan Veldheer, Alexa A Lopez, Jessica M Yingst, Christopher Bullen, Le Kang, Thomas Eissenberg, Sophia I. Allen, Phoebe Brosnan, Christopher Bullen, Nadia Chowdhury, Caroline O. Cobb, Thomas Eissenberg, Jonathan Foulds, Jacob T. Graham, Erin Hammett, Sharilee Hrabovsky, Breianna L. Hummer, Le Kang, Courtney Lester, Alexa A. Lopez, John P. Richie, Christopher Sciamanna, Shumei Sun, Thokozeni Lipato, Susan Veldheer, Miao-Shan Yen, Jessica M. Yingst, Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery system with 0, 8, or 36 mg/mL liquid nicotine versus a cigarette substitute on tobacco-related toxicant exposure: a four-arm, parallel-group, randomised, controlled trial, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Volume 9, Issue 8, 2021, Pages 840-850, ISSN 2213-2600, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00022-9.
*Citation: Caroline O Cobb, Jonathan Foulds, Miao-Shan Yen, Susan Veldheer, Alexa A Lopez, Jessica M Yingst, Christopher Bullen, Le Kang, Thomas Eissenberg, Sophia I. Allen, Phoebe Brosnan, Christopher Bullen, Nadia Chowdhury, Caroline O. Cobb, Thomas Eissenberg, Jonathan Foulds, Jacob T. Graham, Erin Hammett, Sharilee Hrabovsky, Breianna L. Hummer, Le Kang, Courtney Lester, Alexa A. Lopez, John P. Richie, Christopher Sciamanna, Shumei Sun, Thokozeni Lipato, Susan Veldheer, Miao-Shan Yen, Jessica M. Yingst, Effect of an electronic nicotine delivery system with 0, 8, or 36 mg/mL liquid nicotine versus a cigarette substitute on tobacco-related toxicant exposure: a four-arm, parallel-group, randomised, controlled trial, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, Volume 9, Issue 8, 2021, Pages 840-850, ISSN 2213-2600, doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00022-9.
*Acknowledgement: Funding: National Institutes of Health, US Food and Drug Administration.


===2021: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321005844 Comparison of biological and transcriptomic effects of conventional cigarette and electronic cigarette smoke exposure at toxicological dose in BEAS-2B cells]===
===2021: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321005844 Comparison of biological and transcriptomic effects of conventional cigarette and electronic cigarette smoke exposure at toxicological dose in BEAS-2B cells]===
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*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321005844/pdfft?md5=b55ada68191068d5852865963f26fe0a&pid=1-s2.0-S0147651321005844-main.pdf PDF Version]
*[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651321005844/pdfft?md5=b55ada68191068d5852865963f26fe0a&pid=1-s2.0-S0147651321005844-main.pdf PDF Version]
*Citation: Lilan Wang, Yao Wang, Jianwen Chen, Xue-Min Yang, Xing-Tao Jiang, Peiqing Liu, Min Li, Comparison of biological and transcriptomic effects of conventional cigarette and electronic cigarette smoke exposure at toxicological dose in BEAS-2B cells, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 222, 2021, 112472, ISSN 0147-6513, doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112472.
*Citation: Lilan Wang, Yao Wang, Jianwen Chen, Xue-Min Yang, Xing-Tao Jiang, Peiqing Liu, Min Li, Comparison of biological and transcriptomic effects of conventional cigarette and electronic cigarette smoke exposure at toxicological dose in BEAS-2B cells, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 222, 2021, 112472, ISSN 0147-6513, doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112472.
*Acknowledgement: At the time of the study, XM Yang and XT Jiang are employees of Shenzhen RELX Tech. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970699), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2021A1515010766 and 2019A1515011030), the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction Foundation (2019B030301005), the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (2020B1111110003), and the National Major Special Projects for the Creation and Manufacture of New Drugs (2019ZX09301104).


===2020: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-020-02924-x Cancer potencies and margin of exposure used for comparative risk assessment of heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes aerosols with cigarette smoke]===
===2020: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00204-020-02924-x Cancer potencies and margin of exposure used for comparative risk assessment of heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes aerosols with cigarette smoke]===
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*[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00204-020-02924-x.pdf PDF Version]
*[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00204-020-02924-x.pdf PDF Version]
*Citation: Rodrigo, G., Jaccard, G., Tafin Djoko, D. et al. Cancer potencies and margin of exposure used for comparative risk assessment of heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes aerosols with cigarette smoke. Arch Toxicol 95, 283–298 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02924-x
*Citation: Rodrigo, G., Jaccard, G., Tafin Djoko, D. et al. Cancer potencies and margin of exposure used for comparative risk assessment of heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes aerosols with cigarette smoke. Arch Toxicol 95, 283–298 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-020-02924-x
*Acknowledgement: All authors are employees of Philip Morris International. Philip Morris International is the sole source of funding and
sponsor of this research.


===2020: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/23/3/573/5876659 Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (NNAL, NNN, NAT, and NAB) Exposures in the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014)]===
===2020: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/23/3/573/5876659 Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (NNAL, NNN, NAT, and NAB) Exposures in the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014)]===
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*[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-pdf/23/3/573/36276384/ntaa110.pdf&hl=en&sa=T&oi=ucasa&ct=ufr&ei=GyYmYcXkPIzyyAS6-KLoCw&scisig=AAGBfm38_SwihU_Foeq33GMoSbv072H20g PDF Version]
*[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-pdf/23/3/573/36276384/ntaa110.pdf&hl=en&sa=T&oi=ucasa&ct=ufr&ei=GyYmYcXkPIzyyAS6-KLoCw&scisig=AAGBfm38_SwihU_Foeq33GMoSbv072H20g PDF Version]
*Citation: Baoyun Xia, PhD, Benjamin C Blount, PhD, Tonya Guillot, MPH, Christina Brosius, MPH, Yao Li, BS, Dana M Van Bemmel, PhD MPH, Heather L Kimmel, PhD, Cindy M Chang, PhD MPH, Nicolette Borek, PhD, Kathryn C Edwards, PhD, Charlie Lawrence, PhD, Andrew Hyland, PhD, Maciej L Goniewicz, PhD PharmD, Brittany N Pine, BS, Yang Xia, PhD, John T Bernert, B Rey De Castro, ScD, John Lee, BS, Justin L Brown, MPH, Stephen Arnstein, MS, Diane Choi, BS, Erin L Wade, BS, Dorothy Hatsukami, PhD, Gladys Ervies, PhD, Angel Cobos, BS, Keegan Nicodemus, BS, Dana Freeman, BS, Stephen S Hecht, PhD, Kevin Conway, PhD, Lanqing Wang, PhD, Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (NNAL, NNN, NAT, and NAB) Exposures in the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014), Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 23, Issue 3, March 2021, Pages 573–583, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa110
*Citation: Baoyun Xia, PhD, Benjamin C Blount, PhD, Tonya Guillot, MPH, Christina Brosius, MPH, Yao Li, BS, Dana M Van Bemmel, PhD MPH, Heather L Kimmel, PhD, Cindy M Chang, PhD MPH, Nicolette Borek, PhD, Kathryn C Edwards, PhD, Charlie Lawrence, PhD, Andrew Hyland, PhD, Maciej L Goniewicz, PhD PharmD, Brittany N Pine, BS, Yang Xia, PhD, John T Bernert, B Rey De Castro, ScD, John Lee, BS, Justin L Brown, MPH, Stephen Arnstein, MS, Diane Choi, BS, Erin L Wade, BS, Dorothy Hatsukami, PhD, Gladys Ervies, PhD, Angel Cobos, BS, Keegan Nicodemus, BS, Dana Freeman, BS, Stephen S Hecht, PhD, Kevin Conway, PhD, Lanqing Wang, PhD, Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines (NNAL, NNN, NAT, and NAB) Exposures in the US Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study Wave 1 (2013–2014), Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 23, Issue 3, March 2021, Pages 573–583, https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa110
*Acknowledgement: This manuscript is supported with Federal funds from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, and the Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, under contract to Westat (contract nos. HHSN271201100027C and HHSN271201600001C) and through an interagency agreement between the FDA Center for Tobacco Products and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Maciej L. Goniewicz receives fees for serving on an advisory board from Johnson & Johnson and grant support from Pfizer


===2020: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2773075 Effect of Pod e-Cigarettes vs Cigarettes on Carcinogen Exposure Among African American and Latinx Smokers]===
===2020: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2773075 Effect of Pod e-Cigarettes vs Cigarettes on Carcinogen Exposure Among African American and Latinx Smokers]===
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*[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2773075/pulvers_2020_oi_200857_1605044939.46773.pdf&hl=en&sa=T&oi=ucasa&ct=ufr&ei=FLgoYeCCHYyMyASo-pvoCg&scisig=AAGBfm3a0sSxuUXLCqUoW6xwH1FJQNMYEw PDF Version]
*[https://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/articlepdf/2773075/pulvers_2020_oi_200857_1605044939.46773.pdf&hl=en&sa=T&oi=ucasa&ct=ufr&ei=FLgoYeCCHYyMyASo-pvoCg&scisig=AAGBfm3a0sSxuUXLCqUoW6xwH1FJQNMYEw PDF Version]
*Citation: Pulvers K, Nollen NL, Rice M, et al. Effect of Pod e-Cigarettes vs Cigarettes on Carcinogen Exposure Among African American and Latinx Smokers: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2026324. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26324
*Citation: Pulvers K, Nollen NL, Rice M, et al. Effect of Pod e-Cigarettes vs Cigarettes on Carcinogen Exposure Among African American and Latinx Smokers: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(11):e2026324. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26324
*Acknowledgement: Drs Pulvers and Nollen and Ms Rice were supported by grant No. 5SC3GM122628 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Drs Schmid and Ahluwalia were supported in part by grant No. P20GM130414, from the NIH-funded Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE). Dr Schmid was partially supported by Institutional Development Award No. U54GM115677 from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the NIH, which funds Advance Clinical and Translational Research (Advance-CTR).


===2020: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389420314060 Comparison of the chemical composition of aerosols from heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes and their toxic impacts on the human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells]===  
===2020: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304389420314060 Comparison of the chemical composition of aerosols from heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes and their toxic impacts on the human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells]===  
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*Citation: Romain Dusautoir, Gianni Zarcone, Marie Verriele, Guillaume Garçon, Isabelle Fronval, Nicolas Beauval, Delphine Allorge, Véronique Riffault, Nadine Locoge, Jean-Marc Lo-Guidice, Sébastien Anthérieu, Comparison of the chemical composition of aerosols from heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes and their toxic impacts on the human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 401, 2021, 123417, ISSN 0304-3894, doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123417
*Citation: Romain Dusautoir, Gianni Zarcone, Marie Verriele, Guillaume Garçon, Isabelle Fronval, Nicolas Beauval, Delphine Allorge, Véronique Riffault, Nadine Locoge, Jean-Marc Lo-Guidice, Sébastien Anthérieu, Comparison of the chemical composition of aerosols from heated tobacco products, electronic cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes and their toxic impacts on the human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Volume 401, 2021, 123417, ISSN 0304-3894, doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123417
*Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the French Institute of Cancer (INCa) and the French Institute for Public Health Research (IResP): Contracts n°INCa_11505 and n°INCa_13648.


===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688930/ Five-Day Changes in Biomarkers of Exposure Among Adult Smokers After Completely Switching From Combustible Cigarettes to a Nicotine-Salt Pod System]===  
===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31688930/ Five-Day Changes in Biomarkers of Exposure Among Adult Smokers After Completely Switching From Combustible Cigarettes to a Nicotine-Salt Pod System]===  
(PDF 9 pages)
The results of this study concorded with evidence that complete switching from combustible cigarettes to vapor products may reduce exposure to key carcinogens and other toxicants known to be associated with tobacco-related diseases.
The results of this study concorded with evidence that complete switching from combustible cigarettes to vapor products may reduce exposure to key carcinogens and other toxicants known to be associated with tobacco-related diseases.
*Citation: Jay J, Pfaunmiller EL, Huang NJ, Cohen G, Graff DW. Five-Day Changes in Biomarkers of Exposure Among Adult Smokers After Completely Switching From Combustible Cigarettes to a Nicotine-Salt Pod System. Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Jul 16;22(8):1285-1293. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntz206. PMID: 31688930; PMCID: PMC7364828.


===2018 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021850217301155 Measurements of electronic cigarette-generated particles for the evaluation of lung cancer risk of active and passive users]===
===2018 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021850217301155 Measurements of electronic cigarette-generated particles for the evaluation of lung cancer risk of active and passive users]===
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*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.10.006 PDF Version]
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.10.006 PDF Version]
*Citation: Mauro Scungio, Luca Stabile, Giorgio Buonanno, Measurements of electronic cigarette-generated particles for the evaluation of lung cancer risk of active and passive users, Journal of Aerosol Science, Volume 115, 2018, Pages 1-11, ISSN 0021-8502, doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.10.006.
*Citation: Mauro Scungio, Luca Stabile, Giorgio Buonanno, Measurements of electronic cigarette-generated particles for the evaluation of lung cancer risk of active and passive users, Journal of Aerosol Science, Volume 115, 2018, Pages 1-11, ISSN 0021-8502, doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.10.006.
*Keywords: E-cigs: Electronic cigarettesUltrafine particlesELCRLung cancer risk


===2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435921/ Comparative tumor promotion assessment of e‐cigarette and cigarettes using the in vitro Bhas 42 cell transformation assay]===  
===2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435921/ Comparative tumor promotion assessment of e‐cigarette and cigarettes using the in vitro Bhas 42 cell transformation assay]===  
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*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435921/pdf/EM-58-190.pdf PDF Version]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435921/pdf/EM-58-190.pdf PDF Version]
*Citation: Breheny D, Oke O, Pant K, Gaça M. Comparative tumor promotion assessment of e-cigarette and cigarettes using the in vitro Bhas 42 cell transformation assay. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2017 May;58(4):190-198. doi: 10.1002/em.22091. PMID: 28444993; PMCID: PMC5435921.
*Citation: Breheny D, Oke O, Pant K, Gaça M. Comparative tumor promotion assessment of e-cigarette and cigarettes using the in vitro Bhas 42 cell transformation assay. Environ Mol Mutagen. 2017 May;58(4):190-198. doi: 10.1002/em.22091. PMID: 28444993; PMCID: PMC5435921.
*Acknowledgements: The authors are employees of British American Tobacco or BioReliance


===2017 [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/27/1/10 Comparing the cancer potencies of emissions from vapourised nicotine products including e-cigarettes with those of tobacco smoke]===
===2017 [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/27/1/10 Comparing the cancer potencies of emissions from vapourised nicotine products including e-cigarettes with those of tobacco smoke]===
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*[https://sci-hub.se/10.7326/M16-1107 PDF Version]
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.7326/M16-1107 PDF Version]
*Citation: Shahab, L., Goniewicz, M. L., Blount, B. C., Brown, J., McNeill, A., Alwis, K. U., … West, R. (2017). Nicotine, Carcinogen, and Toxin Exposure in Long-Term E-Cigarette and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Users. Annals of Internal Medicine, 166(6), 390. doi:10.7326/m16-1107  
*Citation: Shahab, L., Goniewicz, M. L., Blount, B. C., Brown, J., McNeill, A., Alwis, K. U., … West, R. (2017). Nicotine, Carcinogen, and Toxin Exposure in Long-Term E-Cigarette and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Users. Annals of Internal Medicine, 166(6), 390. doi:10.7326/m16-1107  
*Acknowledgement: This work was supported by Cancer Research UK (grant C27061/A16929, with additional funding from grants C1417/A14135 and C36048/A11654). Dr. Brown's post is funded by a fellowship from the Society for the Study of Addiction, and Cancer Research UK also provides support (grants C1417/A7972 and C44576/A19501). Drs. McNeill and West are part of the UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies, which is a UK Clinical Research Collaboration Public Health Research Centre of Excellence. Funding from the Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, Cancer Research UK, Economic and Social Research Council, and the National Institute for Health Research under the auspices of the UK Clinical Research Collaboration is gratefully acknowledged (grant MR/K023195/1). Dr. Goniewicz was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (awards R01DA037446 and P30 CA016056, respectively) and by an award from Roswell Park Alliance Foundation.


===2017 [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/26/e1/e23.long Have combustible cigarettes met their match? The nicotine delivery profiles and harmful constituent exposures of second-generation and third-generation electronic cigarette users]===
===2017 [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/26/e1/e23.long Have combustible cigarettes met their match? The nicotine delivery profiles and harmful constituent exposures of second-generation and third-generation electronic cigarette users]===
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*[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/26/e1/e23.full.pdf PDF Version]
*[https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/tobaccocontrol/26/e1/e23.full.pdf PDF Version]
*Citation: Wagener TL, Floyd EL, Stepanov I, et alHave combustible cigarettes met their match? The nicotine delivery profiles and harmful constituent exposures of second-generation and third-generation electronic cigarette users Tobacco Control 2017;26:e23-e28.
*Citation: Wagener TL, Floyd EL, Stepanov I, et alHave combustible cigarettes met their match? The nicotine delivery profiles and harmful constituent exposures of second-generation and third-generation electronic cigarette users Tobacco Control 2017;26:e23-e28.
*Acknowledgements: Intramural funds to TLW were used to complete this study. Part of TLW’s, ELF’s, LMD’s, ELL’s, NM’s, APT’s, and LQ’s salary support is provided by the Oklahoma Tobacco Research Center, which is provided funding from the Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust. The Oklahoma Shared Clinical and Translational Resources (U54 GM104938) provided phlebotomy support to this study.


===2016 [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/19/2/160/2631650?redirectedFrom=fulltext Exposure to Nicotine and Selected Toxicants in Cigarette Smokers Who Switched to Electronic Cigarettes: A Longitudinal Within-Subjects Observational Study]===
===2016 [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/19/2/160/2631650?redirectedFrom=fulltext Exposure to Nicotine and Selected Toxicants in Cigarette Smokers Who Switched to Electronic Cigarettes: A Longitudinal Within-Subjects Observational Study]===
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*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1093/ntr/ntw160 PDF Version]
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1093/ntr/ntw160 PDF Version]
*Citation: Maciej L. Goniewicz, PharmD, PhD, Michal Gawron, PharmD, Danielle M. Smith, MPH, Margaret Peng, BSc, Peyton Jacob, III, PhD, Neal L. Benowitz, MD, Exposure to Nicotine and Selected Toxicants in Cigarette Smokers Who Switched to Electronic Cigarettes: A Longitudinal Within-Subjects Observational Study, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 19, Issue 2, 1 February 2017, Pages 160–167, doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw160
*Citation: Maciej L. Goniewicz, PharmD, PhD, Michal Gawron, PharmD, Danielle M. Smith, MPH, Margaret Peng, BSc, Peyton Jacob, III, PhD, Neal L. Benowitz, MD, Exposure to Nicotine and Selected Toxicants in Cigarette Smokers Who Switched to Electronic Cigarettes: A Longitudinal Within-Subjects Observational Study, Nicotine & Tobacco Research, Volume 19, Issue 2, 1 February 2017, Pages 160–167, doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw160
*Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland (grant number N N404 025638). Instrumentation and analytical chemistry at UCSF was supported by the National Institutes of Health, P30 DA012393 and S10 RR026437.


===2016 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383571816301711?via%3Dihub The mutagenic assessment of an electronic-cigarette and reference cigarette smoke using the Ames assay in strains TA98 and TA100]===
===2016 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1383571816301711?via%3Dihub The mutagenic assessment of an electronic-cigarette and reference cigarette smoke using the Ames assay in strains TA98 and TA100]===
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*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.10.005 PDF Version]
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.10.005 PDF Version]
*Citation: Thorne, D., Crooks, I., Hollings, M., Seymour, A., Meredith, C., & Gaca, M. (2016). The mutagenic assessment of an electronic-cigarette and reference cigarette smoke using the Ames assay in strains TA98 and TA100. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 812, 29–38. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.10.005  
*Citation: Thorne, D., Crooks, I., Hollings, M., Seymour, A., Meredith, C., & Gaca, M. (2016). The mutagenic assessment of an electronic-cigarette and reference cigarette smoke using the Ames assay in strains TA98 and TA100. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 812, 29–38. doi:10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.10.005  
*Acknowledgement: The authors are employees of British American Tobacco or Covance Laboratories Ltd. Covance Laboratories Ltd., Harrogate, UK, conducted all experimental work and were funded by BritishAmerican Tobacco. Nicoventures Ltd., UK, is a wholly-owned subsidiary of British American Tobacco.


===2016: [https://www.lungcancerjournal.info/article/S0169-5002(16)30323-3/fulltext Patients with lung cancer: Are electronic cigarettes harmful or useful?]===
===2016: [https://www.lungcancerjournal.info/article/S0169-5002(16)30323-3/fulltext Patients with lung cancer: Are electronic cigarettes harmful or useful?]===
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*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.018 PDF Version]
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.018 PDF Version]
*Citation: Neilson, L., Mankus, C., Thorne, D., Jackson, G., DeBay, J., & Meredith, C. (2015). Development of an in vitro cytotoxicity model for aerosol exposure using 3D reconstructed human airway tissue; application for assessment of e-cigarette aerosol. Toxicology in Vitro, 29(7), 1952–1962. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.018  
*Citation: Neilson, L., Mankus, C., Thorne, D., Jackson, G., DeBay, J., & Meredith, C. (2015). Development of an in vitro cytotoxicity model for aerosol exposure using 3D reconstructed human airway tissue; application for assessment of e-cigarette aerosol. Toxicology in Vitro, 29(7), 1952–1962. doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2015.05.018  
*Acknowledgement: Louise Neilson, David Thorne and Clive Meredith are employees of British American Tobacco. Courtney Mankus, Jason DeBay and George Jackson are employees of MatTek Corporation, USA. All work conducted was funded by British American Tobacco.


===2014 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154473/ Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapor from electronic cigarettes]===
===2014 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154473/ Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapor from electronic cigarettes]===
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*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154473/pdf/nihms-624084.pdf PDF Version]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4154473/pdf/nihms-624084.pdf PDF Version]
*Citation: Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Kurek J, Prokopowicz A, Jablonska-Czapla M, Rosik-Dulewska C, Havel C, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz N. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014 Mar;23(2):133-9. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050859. Epub 2013 Mar 6. PMID: 23467656; PMCID: PMC4154473.
*Citation: Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Kurek J, Prokopowicz A, Jablonska-Czapla M, Rosik-Dulewska C, Havel C, Jacob P 3rd, Benowitz N. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014 Mar;23(2):133-9. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050859. Epub 2013 Mar 6. PMID: 23467656; PMCID: PMC4154473.
*Acknowledgement: This study was conducted while the first author was at Medical University of Silesia, Poland and was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland under grant number N N404 025638. Analysis of nitrosamines at the University of California, San Francisco was supported by grants P30 DA012393 and S10 RR026437 from the National Institutes of Health.


===2014 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481723/ Evaluation of Toxicant and Carcinogen Metabolites in the Urine of E-Cigarette Users  Versus Cigarette Smokers]===
===2014 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481723/ Evaluation of Toxicant and Carcinogen Metabolites in the Urine of E-Cigarette Users  Versus Cigarette Smokers]===
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*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481723/pdf/ntu218.pdf PDF Version]
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4481723/pdf/ntu218.pdf PDF Version]
*Citation: Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Kotandeniya D, Pillsbury ME, Chen M, Ransom BW, Vogel RI, Thompson E, Murphy SE, Hatsukami DK. Evaluation of toxicant and carcinogen metabolites in the urine of e-cigarette users versus cigarette smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015 Jun;17(6):704-9. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu218. Epub 2014 Oct 21. PMID: 25335945; PMCID: PMC4481723.
*Citation: Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Kotandeniya D, Pillsbury ME, Chen M, Ransom BW, Vogel RI, Thompson E, Murphy SE, Hatsukami DK. Evaluation of toxicant and carcinogen metabolites in the urine of e-cigarette users versus cigarette smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015 Jun;17(6):704-9. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntu218. Epub 2014 Oct 21. PMID: 25335945; PMCID: PMC4481723.
*Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health (R01 CA081301, U19 CA157345, and CA77598).
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