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*Citation: Azzopardi, D., Patel, K., Jaunky, T., Santopietro, S., Camacho, O. M., McAughey, J., & Gaça, M. (2016). Electronic cigarette aerosol induces significantly less cytotoxicity than tobacco smoke. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 26(6), 477–491. doi:10.1080/15376516.2016.1217112 | *Citation: Azzopardi, D., Patel, K., Jaunky, T., Santopietro, S., Camacho, O. M., McAughey, J., & Gaça, M. (2016). Electronic cigarette aerosol induces significantly less cytotoxicity than tobacco smoke. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 26(6), 477–491. doi:10.1080/15376516.2016.1217112 | ||
===2014: Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review=== | ===2014 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0273230014002505?fbclid=IwAR0ivUs1bNfN2HGxl240LRHiCSB-EJ7xIhR4WNEQxZUgEKHGlAQ_RvNkHBU Comparison of select analytes in aerosol from e-cigarettes with smoke from conventional cigarettes and with ambient air]=== | ||
* | *Mainstream cigarette smoke HPHCs (∼3000 μg/puff) were 1500 times higher than e-cigarette HPHCs. | ||
* | *No significant contribution of tested HPHC classes was found for the e-cigarettes. | ||
*Citation: | *[https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.10.010 PDF Version] | ||
*Citation: Tayyarah, R., & Long, G. A. (2014). Comparison of select analytes in aerosol from e-cigarettes with smoke from conventional cigarettes and with ambient air. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 70(3), 704–710. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.10.010 | |||
===2014 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110871/ Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review]=== | |||
*Existing evidence indicates that E-cigarette (EC) use is by far a less harmful alternative to smoking. There is no tobacco and no combustion involved in EC use; therefore, regular vapers may avoid several harmful toxic chemicals that are typically present in the smoke of tobacco cigarettes. Indeed, some toxic chemicals are released in the EC vapor as well, but their levels are substantially lower compared with tobacco smoke, and in some cases (such as nitrosamines) are comparable with the amounts found in pharmaceutical nicotine products. Surveys, clinical, chemistry and toxicology data have often been mispresented or misinterpreted by health authorities and tobacco regulators, in such a way that the potential for harmful consequences of EC use has been largely exaggerated. It is obvious that some residual risk associated with EC use may be present, but this is probably trivial compared with the devastating consequences of smoking. Moreover, ECs are recommended to smokers or former smokers only, as a substitute for conventional cigarettes or to prevent smoking relapse; thus, any risk should be estimated relative to the risk of continuing or relapsing back to smoking and the low efficacy of currently approved medications for smoking cessation should be taken into consideration…. | |||
*[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4110871/pdf/10.1177_2042098614524430.pdf PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Farsalinos KE, Polosa R. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review. Ther Adv Drug Saf. 2014 Apr;5(2):67-86. doi: 10.1177/2042098614524430. PMID: 25083263; PMCID: PMC4110871. | |||
===2014: Comparison of select analytes in aerosol from e-cigarettes with smoke from conventional cigarettes and with ambient air=== | ===2014: Comparison of select analytes in aerosol from e-cigarettes with smoke from conventional cigarettes and with ambient air=== | ||
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