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| =Studies - Not Catagorized= | | =Studies - Not Catagorized= |
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| === 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37089248/ Biomarkers of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use.] ===
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| * Highlights
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| ** Biomarkers play an essential role in characterizing the health risks of ENDS.
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| ** Identification of biomarkers specific to ENDS remains a challenge.
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| ** Levels of many toxicant biomarkers in ENDS users do not differ from non-users.
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| ** Exclusive ENDS users show lower concentrations of toxicant biomarkers compared with smokers.
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| ** In studies on ENDS, it may be beneficial to use a panel of biomarkers
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| * The biomarker levels of many tobacco-related toxicants measured in biological samples collected from ENDS users did not differ significantly from non-users, except for nicotine metabolites and a small number of biomarkers of exposure to volatile organic compounds and tobacco-specific tobacco nitrosamines. Several studies have shown that while exposed to nicotine, long-term exclusive ENDS users showed significantly lower levels of toxicant biomarkers than cigarette smokers.
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| * Goniewicz ML. Addict Neurosci. 2023 Jun;6:100077. doi: 10.1016/j.addicn.2023.100077. Epub 2023 Feb 26. PMID: 3708924
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| ===2021: [https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub5/full Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation]=== | | ===2021: [https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub5/full Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation]=== |
