| Line 81: | Line 81: | ||
*The mean frequency of e-cigarette use was higher among those who formerly smoked cigarettes than among those who currently smoked (t = 6.45, p < 0.001) and patients who currently smoked had less than half the odds of daily e-cigarette use compared to those who formerly smoked (OR = 0.39, p < 0.001). | *The mean frequency of e-cigarette use was higher among those who formerly smoked cigarettes than among those who currently smoked (t = 6.45, p < 0.001) and patients who currently smoked had less than half the odds of daily e-cigarette use compared to those who formerly smoked (OR = 0.39, p < 0.001). | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
='''Consumer Products vs Medicinal Products for Smoking Cessation'''= | |||
===2023: [https://www.cebm.ox.ac.uk/research/electronic-cigarettes-for-smoking-cessation-cochrane-living-systematic-review-1 Electronic Cigarettes for Smoking Cessation: Cochrane Living Systematic Review]=== | |||
*There is high certainty evidence that more people stop smoking for at least six months using nicotine e-cigarettes than using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT, such as patches, gum, or lozenges) (6 studies, 2378 people). There is moderate certainty evidence that more people stop smoking for at least six months using nicotine e-cigarettes than nicotine-free e-cigarettes (5 studies, 1447 people). | |||
===2021: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.15628?fbclid=IwAR1Dliz9fOj83wYQ3muEXwsV_ZdVvi0d-ggBaJStLJqVl0Va3dpHfwt0Twg E-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement treatment as harm reduction interventions for smokers who find quitting difficult: Randomised controlled trial]=== | |||
*Participants previously unable to stop smoking with conventional treatments. | |||
*Validated smoking reduction (including cessation) was achieved by 26.5% vs 6.0% of participants in the EC and NRT study arms, respectively. Sustained validated abstinence rates at 6 months were 19.1% vs 3.0%. | |||
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.15628 PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Myers Smith, K., Phillips-Waller, A., Pesola, F., McRobbie, H., Przulj, D., Orzol, M., and Hajek, P. (2021) E-cigarettes versus nicotine replacement treatment as harm reduction interventions for smokers who find quitting difficult: Randomised controlled trial. Addiction, doi.org/10.1111/add.15628 | |||
*Acknowledgements: The study was funded by a Tobacco Advisory Group project grant, Cancer Research UK (C6815/A20503). | |||
===2021: [https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-021-00475-7 Electronic cigarettes in standard smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders: E-cigarette users show similar if not higher quit rates as those using commonly recommended smoking cessation aids]=== | |||
*One third of the total sample was biochemically verified smoking abstinent 7 months after quit date, with e-cigarette users (40%) having significantly higher chances to be smoking abstinent than NRT users (23%). | |||
*[https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/track/pdf/10.1186/s12954-021-00475-7.pdf PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Adriaens, K., Belmans, E., Van Gucht, D. et al. Electronic cigarettes in standard smoking cessation treatment by tobacco counselors in Flanders: E-cigarette users show similar if not higher quit rates as those using commonly recommended smoking cessation aids. Harm Reduct J 18, 28 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00475-7 | |||
*Acknowledgement: This research received no external funding. EB is supported by a PhD-fellowship of the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen; 1177820N). | |||
===2021: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33798919/ A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and network meta-analysis of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation]=== | |||
*Smokers assigned to use nicotine e-cigarettes were more likely to remain abstinent from smoking than those assigned to use licensed NRT, and both were more effective than usual care or placebo conditions. | |||
*Citation: Chan GCK, Stjepanović D, Lim C, Sun T, Shanmuga Anandan A, Connor JP, Gartner C, Hall WD, Leung J. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and network meta-analysis of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation. Addict Behav. 2021 Aug;119:106912. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.106912. Epub 2021 Mar 15. PMID: 33798919. | |||
===2020: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32770246/ QuitNic: A pilot randomised controlled trial comparing nicotine vaping products with nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation following residential detoxification]=== | |||
*This pilot study showed that smoking cessation support involving options for nicotine replacement and Quitline-delivered cognitive behavioural counselling is attractive to people after they have been discharged from SUD (Substance Use Disorder) treatment. | |||
*Retention was 63% at 6-weeks and 50% at 12-weeks. At 12-weeks, 68% of the NRT group reported using combination NRT while 96% of the NVP group used the device. Acceptability ratings for the products were high in both groups. At 12-weeks, 14% of the NVP group and 18% of the NRT group reported not smoking at all in the last 7 days. Mean CPD (Cigarettes Per Day) among continued smokers decreased significantly between baseline to 12-weeks in both groups; from 19.91 to 4.72 for the NVP group (p<0.001) and from 20.88 to 5.52 in the NRT group (p<0.001). Cravings and withdrawal symptoms significantly decreased for both groups. | |||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1093/ntr/ntaa143 PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Bonevski, B., Manning, V., Wynne, O., Gartner, C., Borland, R., Baker, A. L., … Lubman, D. I. (2020). QuitNic: A pilot randomised controlled trial comparing nicotine vaping products with nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation following residential detoxification. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntaa143 | |||
*Acknowledgement: This study was supported by a VicHealth Innovation Research Grant (2016-0096). | |||
===2019: [https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hta/hta23430#/abstract E-cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy within the UK Stop Smoking Services: the TEC RCT]=== | |||
*The primary outcome was CO-validated sustained abstinence rates at 52 weeks. Participants lost to follow-up or not providing biochemical validation were included as non-abstainers. | |||
*The 1-year quit rate was 9.9% in the NRT arm and 18.0% in the e-cigarette arm. | |||
*The e-cigarette arm had significantly higher validated quit rates at all time points. Participants in the e-cigarette arm showed significantly better adherence and experienced fewer urges to smoke throughout the initial 4 weeks of their quit attempt than those in the NRT arm, and gave their allocated product more favourable ratings. They were also more likely to be still using their allocated product at 1 year | |||
*Participants assigned to e-cigarettes reported significantly less coughing and phlegm at 1 year than those assigned to NRT | |||
*A detailed economic analysis confirmed that, because e-cigarettes incur lower NHS costs than NRT and generate a higher quit rate, e-cigarette use is more cost-effective. | |||
*[https://njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk/document/download/2030301 PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, Pesola F, Myers Smith K, Bisal N, et al. E-cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy within the UK Stop Smoking Services: the TEC RCT. Health Technol Assess 2019;23(43) | |||
*Acknowledgement: This report presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, NETSCC, the HTA programme or the Department of Health and Social Care. | |||
<br> | |||
='''Long Term Smoking Abstinence - Preventing Returning to Smoking'''= | ='''Long Term Smoking Abstinence - Preventing Returning to Smoking'''= | ||
edits