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<big>'''Article: [https://fact.technology/learn/difference-misinformation-disinformation-and-malinformation/ Difference: Misinformation, Disinformation, and Malinformation]'''</big> | |||
*"Misinformation, disinformation, and malinformation are all terms that refer to false or misleading information, but they differ in how they are intentionally or unintentionally spread." | |||
<big>'''<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ff5733;">Fact Sheet: [https://ash.org.uk/uploads/Addressing-common-myths-about-vaping-ASH-brief.pdf ASH brief addressing common myths about vaping]</span>'''</big> | |||
You might be interested in this companion wiki page: [https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php/Information_manipulation Information manipulation] | |||
<br> | |||
='''Multi-National'''= | ='''Multi-National'''= | ||
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==Consumers== | ==Consumers== | ||
===2023: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10224737/ Misconceptions of Vaping Among Young Adults]=== | |||
*Out of 1,009 participants most were from the United States, while succeeding countries included India (n = 40), Brazil (n = 10), Italy (n = 3), and seven other countries (n = 8). | |||
*When asked whether smoking or vaping had more severe health implications, 55% of white or Caucasian participants, 41% of Asian participants, and 32% of black or African American participants indicated that vaping was worse than smoking cigarettes. | |||
===2023: [https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0292856 Associations between smokers’ knowledge of causes of smoking harm and related beliefs and behaviors: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey (2023)]=== | |||
* | |||
===2022: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35368082/ Do smokers' perceptions of the harmfulness of nicotine replacement therapy and nicotine vaping products as compared to cigarettes influence their use as an aid for smoking cessation? Findings from the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys]=== | ===2022: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35368082/ Do smokers' perceptions of the harmfulness of nicotine replacement therapy and nicotine vaping products as compared to cigarettes influence their use as an aid for smoking cessation? Findings from the ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys]=== | ||
*We analyzed data from 1,315 current daily smokers (10+ cigarettes per day) who were recruited at Wave 1 (2016), and who reported making a quit attempt by Wave 2 (2018) of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys in Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. | *We analyzed data from 1,315 current daily smokers (10+ cigarettes per day) who were recruited at Wave 1 (2016), and who reported making a quit attempt by Wave 2 (2018) of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys in Australia, Canada, England, and the United States. | ||
*Consistent with past studies,our findings confirm that harm perceptions influence nicotine product use, with accurate perceptions associated with greater likelihood of use as a smoking cessation aid, whereas inaccurate perceptions appear to deter their use for this purpose. | *Consistent with past studies,our findings confirm that harm perceptions influence nicotine product use, with accurate perceptions associated with greater likelihood of use as a smoking cessation aid, whereas inaccurate perceptions appear to deter their use for this purpose. | ||
===2022: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntac088/6562888 Exposure to Negative News Stories About Vaping, and Harm Perceptions of Vaping, Among Youth in England, Canada, and the United States Before and After the Outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (‘EVALI’)]=== | ===2022: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntac088/6562888 Exposure to Negative News Stories About Vaping, and Harm Perceptions of Vaping, Among Youth in England, Canada, and the United States Before and After the Outbreak of E-cigarette or Vaping-Associated Lung Injury (‘EVALI’)]=== | ||
*Between 2017 and February–March 2020, youth exposure to negative news stories, and perceptions of vaping harms, increased, and increases were exacerbated during and immediately after ‘EVALI’. By August 2020, exposure to negative news stories returned to 2019 levels, while perceptions of harm were sustained. | *Between 2017 and February–March 2020, youth exposure to negative news stories, and perceptions of vaping harms, increased, and increases were exacerbated during and immediately after ‘EVALI’. By August 2020, exposure to negative news stories returned to 2019 levels, while perceptions of harm were sustained. | ||
===2021: [https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/9/e045445 Effects of brief exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on twitter: a randomised controlled experiment]=== | ===2021: [https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/9/e045445 Effects of brief exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on twitter: a randomised controlled experiment]=== | ||
*This is the first study to explore the effect of exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on Twitter, showing that after brief exposure to tweets that e-cigarettes are as or more harmful than smoking, current smokers may be deterred from using e-cigarettes (measured with intention to purchase e-cigarettes) as a harm reduction strategy. They are also more likely to wrongly believe that e-cigarettes are more harmful than regular cigarettes. | *This is the first study to explore the effect of exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on Twitter, showing that after brief exposure to tweets that e-cigarettes are as or more harmful than smoking, current smokers may be deterred from using e-cigarettes (measured with intention to purchase e-cigarettes) as a harm reduction strategy. They are also more likely to wrongly believe that e-cigarettes are more harmful than regular cigarettes. | ||
*The increasing trends of misperceptions about the relative harms of e-cigarettes compared with regular cigarettes are important for public health because perceived harms of e-cigarettes are associated with smokers' willingness to use e-cigarettes6 as a harm reduction strategy. | *The increasing trends of misperceptions about the relative harms of e-cigarettes compared with regular cigarettes are important for public health because perceived harms of e-cigarettes are associated with smokers' willingness to use e-cigarettes6 as a harm reduction strategy. | ||
===2020: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-04-2020-0022/full/html Perceptions of nicotine in current and former users of tobacco and tobacco harm reduction products from seven countries]=== | ===2020: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-04-2020-0022/full/html Perceptions of nicotine in current and former users of tobacco and tobacco harm reduction products from seven countries]=== | ||
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*We observed that the majority of current and previous product users estimated the harmfulness of nicotine and cigarettes alike. This has led to the misled conclusion that nicotine is responsible for the detrimental effects related to combustible tobacco consumption, even though science has found only very limited and often inconclusive evidence to date that nicotine is any more harmful than other legally consumed stimulants. | *We observed that the majority of current and previous product users estimated the harmfulness of nicotine and cigarettes alike. This has led to the misled conclusion that nicotine is responsible for the detrimental effects related to combustible tobacco consumption, even though science has found only very limited and often inconclusive evidence to date that nicotine is any more harmful than other legally consumed stimulants. | ||
*Contradictory statements by leading researchers supported by renowned funding agencies and misreporting by the media may further public confusion as people have stated they use the media as a source of health information. | *Contradictory statements by leading researchers supported by renowned funding agencies and misreporting by the media may further public confusion as people have stated they use the media as a source of health information. | ||
===2020: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-02-2020-0007/full/html Tobacco harm reduction in the 21st century]=== | ===2020: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-02-2020-0007/full/html Tobacco harm reduction in the 21st century]=== | ||
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*The misperception of the risks of these products results in smokers rejecting them, misperceptions that arise from inaccurate information and sensational media headlines. Public health officials are misinformed by these sources as well... | *The misperception of the risks of these products results in smokers rejecting them, misperceptions that arise from inaccurate information and sensational media headlines. Public health officials are misinformed by these sources as well... | ||
*These barriers will need to be addressed if tobacco harm reduction is to make the maximum impact on the tobacco endemic. | *These barriers will need to be addressed if tobacco harm reduction is to make the maximum impact on the tobacco endemic. | ||
===2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296947/ Inequalities, harm reduction and non-combustible nicotine products: a meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence]=== | ===2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7296947/ Inequalities, harm reduction and non-combustible nicotine products: a meta-ethnography of qualitative evidence]=== | ||
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**lack of a perceived advantage of alternative products over smoking; | **lack of a perceived advantage of alternative products over smoking; | ||
**and a perceived lack of information about relative harms of NCNP compared to smoking. | **and a perceived lack of information about relative harms of NCNP compared to smoking. | ||
===2011: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3417926/ Nicotine replacement therapies: patient safety and persistence]=== | |||
*The exact role and effects of treatment may not be the only aspect of medication use that smokers are misinformed about: a number of studies have reported that a large proportions of smokers have concerns about the safety and efficacy of NRT products, believing either that these products do not promote cessation, that they are dangerous/ harmful to use, or that the mechanism of action of nicotine replacement products is to make a user sick if they lapse during treatment. Important for the purposes of this discussion, smokers who hold these misperceptions are less likely to have used NRT in the past, and less likely to say that they intend to use it as part of future quit attempts, suggesting that beliefs about NRTs’ safety and efficacy may impact on treatment use. | |||
==Health Care== | ==Health Care== | ||
===2013: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-02-2013-0010/full/html Survey of GPs' understanding of tobacco and nicotine products]=== | ===2013: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-02-2013-0010/full/html Survey of GPs' understanding of tobacco and nicotine products]=== | ||
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*There was widespread misperception about relative risk of nicotine-containing products, with 37% of respondents perceiving nicotine-containing NVPs to be as harmful as combustible cigarettes. | *There was widespread misperception about relative risk of nicotine-containing products, with 37% of respondents perceiving nicotine-containing NVPs to be as harmful as combustible cigarettes. | ||
=Healthcare= | ==Healthcare== | ||
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===2023: [https://www.e-cancer.fr/Comprendre-prevenir-depister/Reduire-les-risques-de-cancer/Barometre-cancer/Cigarette-electronique Electronic cigarette: what perceptions in France?]=== | ===2023: [https://www.e-cancer.fr/Comprendre-prevenir-depister/Reduire-les-risques-de-cancer/Barometre-cancer/Cigarette-electronique Electronic cigarette: what perceptions in France?]=== | ||
*Article: [https://fr.vapingpost.com/80-des-francais-pensent-que-la-vape-donne-le-cancer/ 80% of French people believe that vaping causes cancer] | *Article: [https://fr.vapingpost.com/80-des-francais-pensent-que-la-vape-donne-le-cancer/ 80% of French people believe that vaping causes cancer] | ||
===2023: [https://www.sovape.fr/bva-2023-vapotage-nicotine-epidemie-doute/ Vaping, nicotine: again and again, millions of French people are victims of the epidemic of doubt – Exclusive BVA survey for SOVAPE]=== | |||
*(summary coming soon!) | |||
===2022: [https://consumerchoicecenter.org/tobacco-harm-reduction-and-nicotine-perceptions/ TOBACCO HARM REDUCTION AND NICOTINE PERCEPTIONS]=== | |||
*People consume nicotine, but they die from smoking. Many consumers and doctors mistakenly believe that nicotine causes various illnesses, while it is proven that the many other toxins in smoking are the reason for them. | |||
*33% of smokers in France and 43% in Germany say that vaping is as harmful or more harmful than cigarettes and 6% of smokers in France and 21% of smokers in Germany say they don’t even know what vaping is. | |||
*While 9% of smokers in both countries wrongly consider vaping the most harmful nicotine product, a staggering 11% of smokers perceive cigarettes as the least harmful product. | |||
*69% of smokers in France and 74% of smokers in Germany believe nicotine causes cancer. | |||
*[https://consumerchoicecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Tobacco_HarmReduction_Nicotine_Perceptions_policy_paper_2022.pdf PDF of Report] | |||
<br> | |||
='''Germany'''= | ='''Germany'''= | ||
==Consumers== | |||
===2022: [https://consumerchoicecenter.org/tobacco-harm-reduction-and-nicotine-perceptions/ TOBACCO HARM REDUCTION AND NICOTINE PERCEPTIONS]=== | |||
*People consume nicotine, but they die from smoking. Many consumers and doctors mistakenly believe that nicotine causes various illnesses, while it is proven that the many other toxins in smoking are the reason for them. | |||
*33% of smokers in France and 43% in Germany say that vaping is as harmful or more harmful than cigarettes and 6% of smokers in France and 21% of smokers in Germany say they don’t even know what vaping is. | |||
*While 9% of smokers in both countries wrongly consider vaping the most harmful nicotine product, a staggering 11% of smokers perceive cigarettes as the least harmful product. | |||
*69% of smokers in France and 74% of smokers in Germany believe nicotine causes cancer. | |||
*[https://consumerchoicecenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Tobacco_HarmReduction_Nicotine_Perceptions_policy_paper_2022.pdf PDF of Report] | |||
==Health Care== | ==Health Care== | ||
===2023: [https://www.smokefreeworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Germany-Final-Doctors-Survey-7-19-2023.pdf Doctors' Survey: Germany results]=== | ===2023: [https://www.smokefreeworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/Germany-Final-Doctors-Survey-7-19-2023.pdf Doctors' Survey: Germany results]=== | ||
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**77% - Nicotine causes lung cancer | **77% - Nicotine causes lung cancer | ||
**74% - Nicotine causes bladder cancer | **74% - Nicotine causes bladder cancer | ||
===2009: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/11/1/92/1042977 Medical students lack basic knowledge about smoking: Findings from two European medical schools]=== | ===2009: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/11/1/92/1042977 Medical students lack basic knowledge about smoking: Findings from two European medical schools]=== | ||
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==Health Care== | ==Health Care== | ||
===2017: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28235068/ Lung cancer specialist physicians' attitudes towards e-cigarettes: A nationwide survey]=== | ===2017: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28235068/ Lung cancer specialist physicians' attitudes towards e-cigarettes: A nationwide survey]=== | ||
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*Most respondents believed that e-cigarettes are not safer than conventional tobacco cigarettes (75.7%) or smokeless tobacco (83.2%), and feared that discussing e-cigarettes with the patients would encourage use (65.4%). They did not consider it a smoking cessation treatment (78.3%), and thus would not recommend it to smokers who do not want to quit (82.2%) or who failed to quit with conventional smoking cessation treatment (74.1%). | *Most respondents believed that e-cigarettes are not safer than conventional tobacco cigarettes (75.7%) or smokeless tobacco (83.2%), and feared that discussing e-cigarettes with the patients would encourage use (65.4%). They did not consider it a smoking cessation treatment (78.3%), and thus would not recommend it to smokers who do not want to quit (82.2%) or who failed to quit with conventional smoking cessation treatment (74.1%). | ||
*Most learned about e-cigarettes from media and advertisements, or conversation with patients rather than through professional scientific resources, and reported discomfort when discussing e-cigarette with patients. | *Most learned about e-cigarettes from media and advertisements, or conversation with patients rather than through professional scientific resources, and reported discomfort when discussing e-cigarette with patients. | ||
<br> | |||
='''Kuwait'''= | |||
==Consumers== | |||
===2023: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10347961/ Prevalence of use, perceptions of harm and addictiveness, and dependence of electronic cigarettes among adults in Kuwait: A cross-sectional study]=== | |||
*Relative to cigarette smoking, 40.6% of participants reported that e-cigarettes are less harmful. 50.1% reported that e-cigarettes are associated with ‘much harm’. | |||
<br> | |||
='''Netherlands (Holland)'''= | ='''Netherlands (Holland)'''= | ||
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*Misunderstands “dual-use”. | *Misunderstands “dual-use”. | ||
*Asserts a “gateway effect” but there is more likely to be a diversion away from smoking. | *Asserts a “gateway effect” but there is more likely to be a diversion away from smoking. | ||
='''New Zealand'''= | |||
==Consumers== | |||
===2010: [https://thorax.bmj.com/content/66/4/353 Smokers commonly misperceive that nicotine is a major carcinogen: National survey data]=== | |||
*These findings are concerning since misperceptions about nicotine may result in underutilisation of NRT. Therefore, we aimed to assess these views in New Zealand (NZ) smokers, with the context being a country in which NRT is provided in a heavily subsidised form and widely distributed via the national quitline service. | |||
*When asked if ‘the nicotine in cigarettes is the chemical that causes most of the cancer?’, most smokers in wave 1 (52.6%) said that it was true, 36.7% said it was false (the correct answer) and 10.7% could not say. The proportion answering ‘true’ was fairly similar in wave 2 at 52.1%. In a multivariate model (that adjusted for demographics, socioeconomic position, mental health and smoking-related beliefs and behaviours), certain groups of smokers were significantly more likely to believe that nicotine was carcinogenic. These included older smokers (≥50 vs <35 years); Māori smokers (vs European/other, adjusted OR (aOR)=1.77, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.58); and Asian smokers (vs European/other, aOR=3.25, 95% CI 1.35 to 7.83). | |||
='''Norway'''= | ='''Norway'''= | ||
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*Among participants, 40.9% disagreed (“rather disagree” or “totally disagree”) that e-cigarettes are less harmful than conventional cigarettes. | *Among participants, 40.9% disagreed (“rather disagree” or “totally disagree”) that e-cigarettes are less harmful than conventional cigarettes. | ||
*We have observed that only 21% of physicians get information about e-cigarettes from scientific articles. Most participants learned about e-cigarettes from non-scientific sources such as news stories or storefronts. Information obtained from such sources are not scientifically verified and might be biased. This poses a threat that education and guidance about e-cigarettes delivered by physicians is not based on evidence. Similar results were observed among healthcare providers’ in the US where the most frequently reported source of knowledge about e-cigarettes were patients (62%) or news stories (39%). | *We have observed that only 21% of physicians get information about e-cigarettes from scientific articles. Most participants learned about e-cigarettes from non-scientific sources such as news stories or storefronts. Information obtained from such sources are not scientifically verified and might be biased. This poses a threat that education and guidance about e-cigarettes delivered by physicians is not based on evidence. Similar results were observed among healthcare providers’ in the US where the most frequently reported source of knowledge about e-cigarettes were patients (62%) or news stories (39%). | ||
<br> | |||
='''Saudi Arbia'''= | |||
==Consumers== | |||
===2023: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9957237/ Knowledge and Attitude toward E-Cigarettes among First Year University Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia]=== | |||
*When comparing e-cigarettes to regular cigarettes, 22.5% and 48.4% of the students agreed that they carry the same risk and have the same chemicals as normal cigarettes. | |||
==Healthcare== | |||
===2021: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8131966/ Knowledge and Attitudes Among Medical Students Toward the Clinical Usage of e-Cigarettes: A Cross-Sectional Study in a University Hospital in Saudi Arabia]=== | |||
*Social media (77.4%) represented the primary source of information about e-cigarettes, followed by online (26.6%) and TV advertisements (9.8%) | |||
*Only one-third of the respondents believed that e-smoking reduces the risk of cancer when used as an alternative to traditional cigarettes. | |||
===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6820393/ E-cigarette use among medical students at Qassim University: Knowledge, perception, and prevalence]=== | |||
*Additionally, 44.9% of students believed that there is no reduction in cancer risk for e-cigarettes smokers. | |||
*41.9% of participants did not agree that e-cigarettes could help patients quit smoking, whereas the remaining participants 34.8% were not sure. | |||
*The majority of students who received information about e-cigarettes outside medical school said they got the information from social media 74.7%, followed by 9.2% from online advertising, 4.4% from television advertisements, 0.4% each from radio advertisements, billboard and/or public signs. Other sources included newspapers or magazines 3.1% and other mediums 7.9%. | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
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==Consumers== | ==Consumers== | ||
===2020: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-04-2020-0022/full/html Perceptions of nicotine in current and former users of tobacco and tobacco harm reduction products from seven countries]=== | ===2020: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-04-2020-0022/full/html Perceptions of nicotine in current and former users of tobacco and tobacco harm reduction products from seven countries]=== | ||
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*We observed that the majority of current and previous product users estimated the harmfulness of nicotine and cigarettes alike. This has led to the misled conclusion that nicotine is responsible for the detrimental effects related to combustible tobacco consumption, even though science has found only very limited and often inconclusive evidence to date that nicotine is any more harmful than other legally consumed stimulants. | *We observed that the majority of current and previous product users estimated the harmfulness of nicotine and cigarettes alike. This has led to the misled conclusion that nicotine is responsible for the detrimental effects related to combustible tobacco consumption, even though science has found only very limited and often inconclusive evidence to date that nicotine is any more harmful than other legally consumed stimulants. | ||
*Contradictory statements by leading researchers supported by renowned funding agencies and misreporting by the media may further public confusion as people have stated they use the media as a source of health information. | *Contradictory statements by leading researchers supported by renowned funding agencies and misreporting by the media may further public confusion as people have stated they use the media as a source of health information. | ||
==Healthcare== | ==Healthcare== | ||
===2023: [https://www.smokefreeworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/South-Africa-Final-SERMO-Doctors-Survey-7-19-2023.pdf Doctors' Survey: South Africa results]=== | ===2023: [https://www.smokefreeworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/South-Africa-Final-SERMO-Doctors-Survey-7-19-2023.pdf Doctors' Survey: South Africa results]=== | ||
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===2010: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2928193/ Harm perception among Swedish daily smokers regarding nicotine, NRT-products and Swedish Snus]=== | ===2010: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2928193/ Harm perception among Swedish daily smokers regarding nicotine, NRT-products and Swedish Snus]=== | ||
*A majority, 59% of the answers to the question about harmfulness of NRT-products, and 75% of the answers about harmfulness of Snus, were inconsistent with the scientific evidence by demonstrating exaggerated perceptions of harmfulness. The strongest predictor of consistent answers was the perception of the harmfulness of nicotine. | *A majority, 59% of the answers to the question about harmfulness of NRT-products, and 75% of the answers about harmfulness of Snus, were inconsistent with the scientific evidence by demonstrating exaggerated perceptions of harmfulness. The strongest predictor of consistent answers was the perception of the harmfulness of nicotine. | ||
==Health Care== | ==Health Care== | ||
===2013: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-02-2013-0010/full/html Survey of GPs' understanding of tobacco and nicotine products]=== | ===2013: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-02-2013-0010/full/html Survey of GPs' understanding of tobacco and nicotine products]=== | ||
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**...less than half believe that long-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is preferable to smoking (31% UK, 48% Sweden). | **...less than half believe that long-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is preferable to smoking (31% UK, 48% Sweden). | ||
**Many (44% UK, 56% Sweden) also wrongly believe that nicotine in tobacco products is associated with cancer, while 15% in the UK and 22% in Sweden believe the same for pharmaceutical nicotine. | **Many (44% UK, 56% Sweden) also wrongly believe that nicotine in tobacco products is associated with cancer, while 15% in the UK and 22% in Sweden believe the same for pharmaceutical nicotine. | ||
<br> | |||
='''Turkey'''= | |||
==Healthcare== | |||
===2022: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9682944/ The Knowledge and Attitude about New Generation Tobacco Products among Physicians]=== | |||
*72.5% Strongly Disagree - E-cigarettes and heated tobacco products are a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes as they provide a potential reduction in exposure to toxic substances. | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
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==Consumers== | ==Consumers== | ||
===2023: [https://ash.org.uk/uploads/Use-of-e-cigarettes-among-adults-in-Great-Britain-2023.pdf Use of e-cigarettes (vapes) among adults in Great Britain]=== | |||
*Four in ten smokers incorrectly believe vaping is as or more harmful than smoking up from a third last year and one in five in 2019. | |||
*A third of smokers understand that vaping is less harmful than smoking, but fewer than one in ten that they are a lot less harmful | |||
*Ex-smokers who vape (2.9 million) have the most accurate perceptions of harm, with 75% correctly identifying that vaping is less harmful than smoking. | |||
*From 2016 to 2019 the proportion of adults who inaccurately believed that vaping is as, or more harmful than smoking hovered around one in four, with between 43% and 50% believing it was less harmful. (Figure 8) However, in 2020 the proportion believing it was more or equally harmful rose significantly to 37% with the proportion believing it to be less harmful falling to 39%. | |||
*The likely driver for this change in public perception was significant media coverage of injuries to health in the US from products banned in the UK. This years significant drop in public understanding that vaping is less harmful than smoking could be linked to widespread media coverage of youth vaping which has not always clearly distinguished the differences between the harms from smoking and vaping. | |||
*In 2023 a third (34%) of smokers said that they did not know how harmful NRT is compared to smoking, 11% thought it was more than or equally as harmful as smoking, and only 29% correctly identified NRT as being a lot less harmful than smoking. | |||
===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37195899/ Individual and conjoint factors associated with beliefs about the harmfulness of nicotine replacement therapies relative to combustible cigarettes among people who smoke: Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey]=== | ===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37195899/ Individual and conjoint factors associated with beliefs about the harmfulness of nicotine replacement therapies relative to combustible cigarettes among people who smoke: Findings from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey]=== | ||
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==Consumers== | ==Consumers== | ||
===2024: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/dar.13812 Harm perceptions of vaping nicotine relative to cigarette smoking among sexual and gender minority young adults]=== | |||
*"Moreover, findings illustrate that public health messages regarding the risks of e-cigarette use may have unintended consequences of increasing cigarette use to replace e-cigarette use for some SGM young adults, a practice that is incongruent with scientific evidence demonstrating that cigarettes and other combustible tobacco products are riskier than e-cigarettes and other forms of NT use." | |||
===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37137702/ Older age is associated with greater misperception of the relative health risk of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among US adults who smoke]=== | ===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37137702/ Older age is associated with greater misperception of the relative health risk of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among US adults who smoke]=== | ||
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*Data analyzed came from 8,642 adults (18+ years) who smoked daily/weekly and participated in the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey in Australia (n=1213), Canada (n=2633), England (n=3057), and United States (US, n=1739). | *Data analyzed came from 8,642 adults (18+ years) who smoked daily/weekly and participated in the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey in Australia (n=1213), Canada (n=2633), England (n=3057), and United States (US, n=1739). | ||
*Many people who regularly smoke cigarettes are unaware that NRTs are much less harmful than cigarettes. Additionally, beliefs about NRTs relative harmfulness appear to be influenced by both individual and conjoint factors. | *Many people who regularly smoke cigarettes are unaware that NRTs are much less harmful than cigarettes. Additionally, beliefs about NRTs relative harmfulness appear to be influenced by both individual and conjoint factors. | ||
===2023: [https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/32/e2/e255 Over 1 year later: smokers’ EVALI awareness, knowledge and perceived impact on e-cigarette interest]=== | |||
*Despite the passage of time, considerable lack of knowledge and misperceptions about EVALI remain among those who smoke. Our findings suggest the need for continued efforts to promote better understanding of EVALI and appropriate behavioural and policy responses. | |||
===2022: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36482754/ Unintended Consequences: Testing the Effects of Adolescent-Targeted Anti-Vaping Media upon Adult Smokers]=== | ===2022: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36482754/ Unintended Consequences: Testing the Effects of Adolescent-Targeted Anti-Vaping Media upon Adult Smokers]=== | ||
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===2020: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2767134 Association of the US Outbreak of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury With Perceived Harm of e-Cigarettes Compared With Cigarettes]=== | ===2020: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2767134 Association of the US Outbreak of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury With Perceived Harm of e-Cigarettes Compared With Cigarettes]=== | ||
*After the US outbreak of vaping-associated lung injury, views on e-cigarettes among smokers in England deteriorated. The proportion perceiving e-cigarette use as less harmful than cigarette smoking decreased, and the proportion perceiving e-cigarette use as more harmful increased by over one-third. | |||
*Citation: Tattan-Birch H, Brown J, Shahab L, Jackson SE. Association of the US Outbreak of Vaping-Associated Lung Injury With Perceived Harm of e-Cigarettes Compared With Cigarettes. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(6):e206981. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.6981 | |||
===2020: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11166-020-09329-2 NEWS THAT TAKES YOUR BREATH AWAY: RISK PERCEPTIONS DURING AN OUTBREAK OF VAPING-RELATED LUNG INJURIES]=== | |||
*The increase in e-cigarette risk perceptions might discourage adult smokers from using e-cigarettes as a way to quit smoking, despite evidence from a clinical trial that ecigarettes are a more effective cessation method than FDA-approved products such as the nicotine patch. | |||
*Our econometric results suggest that the immediate impact of the first information shock was to increase the fraction of respondents who perceived e-cigarettes as more harmful than smoking by about 16 percentage points. More targeted advice about the risks of THC e-cigarettes (vs nicotine products) might have more effectively reduced the use of those products, potentially preventing EVALI cases. | |||
*[https://documentcloud.adobe.com/link/review?uri=urn:aaid:scds:US:12fcbbc8-dece-407e-9669-8c22ad2b395e PDF Version] | |||
*Citation: Dave, D., Dench, D., Kenkel, D. et al. News that takes your breath away: risk perceptions during an outbreak of vaping-related lung injuries. J Risk Uncertain 60, 281–307 (2020). doi: 10.1007/s11166-020-09329-2 | |||
*Acknowledgement: Dhaval Dave acknowledges support through grant R01DA039968 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The authors are grateful to Cornell University and the Health Thought Leadership Network at Bentley University for funding the data collection. | |||
===2020: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-04-2020-0022/full/html Perceptions of nicotine in current and former users of tobacco and tobacco harm reduction products from seven countries]=== | ===2020: [https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/DAT-04-2020-0022/full/html Perceptions of nicotine in current and former users of tobacco and tobacco harm reduction products from seven countries]=== | ||
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===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6939779/ Reducing Nicotine Without Misleading the Public: Descriptions of Cigarette Nicotine Level and Accuracy of Perceptions About Nicotine Content, Addictiveness, and Risk]=== | ===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6939779/ Reducing Nicotine Without Misleading the Public: Descriptions of Cigarette Nicotine Level and Accuracy of Perceptions About Nicotine Content, Addictiveness, and Risk]=== | ||
*Stating that 95% of nicotine would be removed more accurately conveyed the nicotine content and addictiveness of VLNC cigarettes. However, descriptions that better conveyed nicotine content and addictiveness misled people about cancer risk. | *Stating that 95% of nicotine would be removed more accurately conveyed the nicotine content and addictiveness of VLNC cigarettes. However, descriptions that better conveyed nicotine content and addictiveness misled people about cancer risk. | ||
===2018: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28938110/ Monitoring harm perceptions of smokeless tobacco products among U.S. adults: Health Information National Trends Survey 2012, 2014, 2015]=== | |||
*When asked whether smokeless tobacco products are less harmful than cigarettes, the majority of respondents across cycles said "no." | |||
*PubPeerComment: [https://pubpeer.com/publications/423BADF810F9CE80024153BA8FDAC1 Brad Rodu] | |||
**The authors are from the U.S. FDA and National Cancer Institute. | |||
** The article failed to specify that the correct answer is: “Yes, smokeless tobacco products are less harmful than cigarettes.” In fact, it focused almost entirely on the majority of participants who inaccurately answered “No” or “Don’t Know,” which reflects misperception fostered by an effective “quarantine” of truthful risk information by federal agencies. | |||
===2017: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28341303/ Changing Perceptions of Harm of E-Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults, 2012-2015]=== | ===2017: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28341303/ Changing Perceptions of Harm of E-Cigarettes Among U.S. Adults, 2012-2015]=== | ||
| Line 660: | Line 753: | ||
*Overall, we found that many people, particularly the demographic subgroups identified here, held incorrect beliefs about nicotine and potentially inaccurate beliefs about LNCs. | *Overall, we found that many people, particularly the demographic subgroups identified here, held incorrect beliefs about nicotine and potentially inaccurate beliefs about LNCs. | ||
*Incorrectly believing that nicotine causes cancer could discourage smokers from switching to safer nicotine-containing alternatives, and could lead nonsmokers to experiment with low nicotine tobacco products, believing that cancer risk would be reduced. | *Incorrectly believing that nicotine causes cancer could discourage smokers from switching to safer nicotine-containing alternatives, and could lead nonsmokers to experiment with low nicotine tobacco products, believing that cancer risk would be reduced. | ||
===2016: [https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.srnt.org/resource/resmgr/Conferences/2016_Annual_Meeting/Preconference_Slides/Johnson_Nicotine_SRNT_Presen.pdf What the Public Knows and Believes About Nicotine: Insights from Recent Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence]=== | |||
*CTP Nicotine Qualitative Study Analysis - HINTS - PATH Wave 1 | |||
===2015: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26135116/ Deficiencies in public understanding about tobacco harm reduction: results from a United States national survey]=== | |||
*The discrepancy between current evidence and public perceptions of relative risk of various tobacco/nicotine products was marked; for most tobacco types, a large proportion of the population held inaccurate harm reduction beliefs. | |||
*Given the potential benefits of tobacco risk reduction strategies, public health education efforts to increase understanding of basic harm reduction principles are needed to address these misperceptions. | |||
===2011: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21371825/ Providing accurate safety information may increase a smoker's willingness to use nicotine replacement therapy as part of a quit attempt]=== | ===2011: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21371825/ Providing accurate safety information may increase a smoker's willingness to use nicotine replacement therapy as part of a quit attempt]=== | ||
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===2008: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18855827/ Perceived safety and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies among US smokers and ex-smokers: relationship with use and compliance]=== | ===2008: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18855827/ Perceived safety and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies among US smokers and ex-smokers: relationship with use and compliance]=== | ||
*Two-thirds (66%) of respondents either agreed that 'Stop-smoking products with nicotine are just as harmful as cigarettes' or were unsure whether the statement was true. | *Two-thirds (66%) of respondents either agreed that 'Stop-smoking products with nicotine are just as harmful as cigarettes' or were unsure whether the statement was true. | ||
*The findings suggest that many smokers are misinformed about the health risks of NRT and that these misperceptions impede not only the adoption of NRT but also compliance during treatment. Misperception of NRT safety is one barrier to effective use of NRT and probably reduces success in quitting. | |||
*[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02313.x Commentary - IMPROVING NRT LABELING AND CORRECTING PUBLIC MISPERCEPTIONS] | |||
===2004: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15799593/ Stop-smoking medications: who uses them, who misuses them, and who is misinformed about them?]=== | |||
*The data reveal that most smokers are misinformed about the health risks of nicotine and the safety/efficacy of nicotine medications. Approximately half incorrectly reported that the reduction in nicotine in cigarettes has made cigarettes less dangerous to health and only one-third correctly reported that nicotine patches were less likely to cause a heart attack than smoking cigarettes. Smokers who were more knowledgeable about the health risks of nicotine and the safety and efficacy of nicotine medications were more likely to report past use of nicotine medications. Misperceptions about the health risks of nicotine and the safety/efficacy of nicotine medications may discourage some smokers from considering the use of these medications to help them stop smoking. | |||
*[https://sci-hub.se/10.1080/14622200412331320707 PDF Version] | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
==Health Care== | ==Health Care== | ||
===2023: [https://www.smokefreeworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/USA-Final-SERMO-Doctors-Survey-7-19-2023.pdf Doctors' Survey: USA results]=== | ===2023: [https://www.smokefreeworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/USA-Final-SERMO-Doctors-Survey-7-19-2023.pdf Doctors' Survey: USA results]=== | ||
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**66% - Nicotine causes COPD | **66% - Nicotine causes COPD | ||
===2023: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772628223000031?via%3Dihub College health providers' knowledge and confidence in addressing students' vaping: Evidence from a pilot study in New York State]=== | |||
*More than half (64%; n = 32) of providers indicated they do not know what type of product students on their campus are vaping most often (nicotine or cannabis. | |||
*In fact, when further asked about the harms and messaging surrounding e-cigarettes, most providers (68%; n = 32) indicated that e-cigarettes are “just as harmful as cigarettes and should not be recommended as a safer alternative for smokers;” | |||
*In a separate question, when presented with two options about the messaging of e-cigarettes, college health providers largely favored (85%; n = 40) messaging that e-cigarettes are not a safe alternative to cigarettes. | |||
===2022: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2791164 Communication Between US Physicians and Patients Regarding Electronic Cigarette Use]=== | ===2022: [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2791164 Communication Between US Physicians and Patients Regarding Electronic Cigarette Use]=== | ||
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*It is critical to address physician nicotine misperceptions and to correct misperceptions regarding the relative harm of various tobacco products as more modified-risk tobacco products may be introduced through an FDA authorization process. | *It is critical to address physician nicotine misperceptions and to correct misperceptions regarding the relative harm of various tobacco products as more modified-risk tobacco products may be introduced through an FDA authorization process. | ||
*[https://twitter.com/CrisDelnevo/status/1514999731474288643 Twitter thread by Cristine D. Delnevo, PhD, MPH about the study] | *[https://twitter.com/CrisDelnevo/status/1514999731474288643 Twitter thread by Cristine D. Delnevo, PhD, MPH about the study] | ||
===2021: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/14/7713/htm Persistent Misperceptions about Nicotine among US Physicians: Results from a Randomized Survey Experiment]=== | ===2021: [https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/14/7713/htm Persistent Misperceptions about Nicotine among US Physicians: Results from a Randomized Survey Experiment]=== | ||
*Question wording is important when measuring physicians’ beliefs about nicotine; however, even after accounting for question version, misperceptions about the direct health effects of nicotine were common and varied by sex and specialty. | *Question wording is important when measuring physicians’ beliefs about nicotine; however, even after accounting for question version, misperceptions about the direct health effects of nicotine were common and varied by sex and specialty. | ||
===2021: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jdd.12788 Nicotine-related misperceptions among faculty and students at a Midwestern dental school]=== | ===2021: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jdd.12788 Nicotine-related misperceptions among faculty and students at a Midwestern dental school]=== | ||
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*Dental school faculty and students linked the risks of smoking tobacco to nicotine. Based on the results of this study, we feel our institution's curriculum should consider including information specific to nicotine in addition to tobacco in general. | *Dental school faculty and students linked the risks of smoking tobacco to nicotine. Based on the results of this study, we feel our institution's curriculum should consider including information specific to nicotine in addition to tobacco in general. | ||
===2021: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10066855/ Otolaryngology Resident Education and Perceptions of e-cigarettes]=== | |||
*The most common resource of e-cigarette information overall was social media (78.46%). | |||
*Within academia, the most common resources of e-cigarette education were patient interactions (63.16%) and colleagues (54.74%). | |||
===2020: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-020-06172-8 Nicotine Risk Misperception Among US Physicians]=== | ===2020: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-020-06172-8 Nicotine Risk Misperception Among US Physicians]=== | ||
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*Rutgers Article: [https://www.rutgers.edu/news/rutgers-led-national-survey-uncovers-doctors-misconceptions-about-nicotine-risks Researchers say physicians need to understand accurate nicotine risks better to assist patients addicted to the most harmful tobacco products] | *Rutgers Article: [https://www.rutgers.edu/news/rutgers-led-national-survey-uncovers-doctors-misconceptions-about-nicotine-risks Researchers say physicians need to understand accurate nicotine risks better to assist patients addicted to the most harmful tobacco products] | ||
*Filter Article: [https://filtermag.org/doctors-nicotine-tobacco/ Majority of Surveyed Doctors Misattribute Tobacco Harms to Nicotine] | *Filter Article: [https://filtermag.org/doctors-nicotine-tobacco/ Majority of Surveyed Doctors Misattribute Tobacco Harms to Nicotine] | ||
===2015: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4111908/ Healthcare Providers’ Beliefs and Attitudes About Electronic Cigarettes and Preventive Counseling for Adolescent Patients]=== | ===2015: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4111908/ Healthcare Providers’ Beliefs and Attitudes About Electronic Cigarettes and Preventive Counseling for Adolescent Patients]=== | ||
*The most frequently cited sources of information about e-cigarettes were patients, news stories, and advertisements, rather than professional sources. | *The most frequently cited sources of information about e-cigarettes were patients, news stories, and advertisements, rather than professional sources. | ||
===2007: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17558822/ Nurses' knowledge about the risk of light cigarettes and other tobacco "harm reduction" strategies]=== | ===2007: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17558822/ Nurses' knowledge about the risk of light cigarettes and other tobacco "harm reduction" strategies]=== | ||
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==Consumer== | ==Consumer== | ||
===2022: [https://formative.jmir.org/2022/4/e26335 Discussions and Misinformation About Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and COVID-19: Qualitative Analysis of Twitter Content]=== | ===2022: [https://formative.jmir.org/2022/4/e26335 Discussions and Misinformation About Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and COVID-19: Qualitative Analysis of Twitter Content]=== | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
='''Science | ='''Science - Methodological Flaws Can Lead to Misinformation About Nicotine'''= | ||
== | ===2023: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-43733-3 Physical and chemical characterizations of a reference e-cigarette used in animal testing]=== | ||
*The paper calibrates and tests this equipment, showing the potential problems of exposing these biological systems when the aerosol is generated by a high powered device with sub-ohm coils and an inapprotriately low airflow. This grossly deviates from consumer usage of these divices and is also the perfect storm for generating aerosols under overheating conditions and high toxin’s load. | |||
*Many cell/rodent studies report deleterious biological effects from the exposure to e-cigarette aerosol, thus contributing to the vaping harm narrative, but often the aerosols are unrealistic, overheated and toxic. A second paper is forecoming in which we will revise 19 studies with this problem, there are bound to be much more. | |||
* Sébastien Soulet, Léa Constant & Vanille Quinty Scientific Reports volume 13, Article number: 16624 (2023) | |||
===2022: [https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11739-022-02967-1.pdf Analysis of common methodological flaws in the highest cited e‑cigarette epidemiology research]=== | |||
===2022: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9506048/ A Critical Review of Recent Literature on Metal Contents in E-Cigarette Aerosol]=== | |||
===2022: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9787926/ Critical Review of the Recent Literature on Organic Byproducts in E-Cigarette Aerosol Emissions]=== | |||
===2018: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691517306609 Aldehyde levels in e-cigarette aerosol: Findings from a replication study and from use of a new-generation device]=== | |||
===2017: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5769337/ Carbonyl Emissions in E-cigarette Aerosol: A Systematic Review and Methodological Considerations]=== | |||
=== | ===2017: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691517305033 E-cigarettes emit very high formaldehyde levels only in conditions that are aversive to users: A replication study under verified realistic use conditions]=== | ||
===2015: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25996087/ E-cigarettes generate high levels of aldehydes only in 'dry puff' conditions]=== | |||
= | ='''Science Hygiene - The Call To Correct Misinformation About Nicotine'''= | ||
==Academic Community== | |||
*This section outgrew this page and is now located on the [https://safernicotine.wiki/mediawiki/index.php/Nicotine_-_Retracted_Studies,_Papers,_and_Articles Nicotine - Retracted Studies, Papers, and Articles] page. | |||
===2021: Referring to: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-021-3563-1 Erosive potential of commonly available vapes: a cause for concern?]=== | ===2021: Referring to: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41415-021-3563-1 Erosive potential of commonly available vapes: a cause for concern?]=== | ||
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===2022: [https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1622234/us-study-most-doctors-misunderstand-e-cigarettes US study: Most doctors misunderstand e-cigarettes]=== | ===2022: [https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1622234/us-study-most-doctors-misunderstand-e-cigarettes US study: Most doctors misunderstand e-cigarettes]=== | ||
===2022: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.16010 Toward an ontology of tobacco, nicotine and vaping products]=== | |||
*See: EVALI (and maybe other things) | |||
===2022: [https://stories.uq.edu.au/medicine/2020/clarifying-australia-s-youth-vaping-figures/index.html Clarifying Australia’s youth vaping figures]=== | ===2022: [https://stories.uq.edu.au/medicine/2020/clarifying-australia-s-youth-vaping-figures/index.html Clarifying Australia’s youth vaping figures]=== | ||
| Line 902: | Line 1,021: | ||
==Non-profits or Their Funders== | ==Non-profits or Their Funders== | ||
===2022: [https://filtermag.org/truth-initiative/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=filter The Half-Truth Initiative: How an Anti-Smoking Group Lost Its Way]=== | ===2022: [https://filtermag.org/truth-initiative/?utm_source=twitter&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=filter The Half-Truth Initiative: How an Anti-Smoking Group Lost Its Way]=== | ||
*“We’re not talking misinformation. We’re talking disinformation. This is willful misrepresentation of facts. It’s mind-blowing.” | *“We’re not talking misinformation. We’re talking disinformation. This is willful misrepresentation of facts. It’s mind-blowing.” | ||
===2022: [https://theavm.org/accountability/what-anti-vaping-activists-get-wrong-in-their-fda-letter AVM: What Anti-Vaping Activists Get Wrong In Their FDA Letter]=== | ===2022: [https://theavm.org/accountability/what-anti-vaping-activists-get-wrong-in-their-fda-letter AVM: What Anti-Vaping Activists Get Wrong In Their FDA Letter]=== | ||
===2021: Video: [https://vimeo.com/559881052 Are we risking the erosion of trust in Tobacco Control?]=== | ===2021: Video: [https://vimeo.com/559881052 Are we risking the erosion of trust in Tobacco Control?]=== | ||
*Prof Mike Cummings presenting at E-Cigarette Summit 2021 | *Prof Mike Cummings presenting at E-Cigarette Summit 2021 | ||
*Successful public health campaigns rely on establishing and maintaining the public’s trust in the recommendations that are given. This presentation highlights concerns that I have about the erosion of trust in tobacco control that appears to be happening because previously trusted public health officials are staking out policy positions that distort the truth about lower risk alternative nicotine products. | *Successful public health campaigns rely on establishing and maintaining the public’s trust in the recommendations that are given. This presentation highlights concerns that I have about the erosion of trust in tobacco control that appears to be happening because previously trusted public health officials are staking out policy positions that distort the truth about lower risk alternative nicotine products. | ||
===2021: Truth Initiative's [https://truthinitiative.org/press/press-release/truth-launches-fake-vape-company-depression-stick-make-point Depression Sticks] Campaign=== | ===2021: Truth Initiative's [https://truthinitiative.org/press/press-release/truth-launches-fake-vape-company-depression-stick-make-point Depression Sticks] Campaign=== | ||
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===2022: [https://www.aspenideas.org/sessions/the-war-on-misinformation Aspen Ideas Festival 2022 - Misinformation]=== | ===2022: [https://www.aspenideas.org/sessions/the-war-on-misinformation Aspen Ideas Festival 2022 - Misinformation]=== | ||
===2021: [https://thinkingispower.com/floater-a-tool-kit-for-evaluating-claims/ FLOATER: A Tool-Kit for Evaluating Claims]=== | |||
*A Life Preserver for Staying Afloat in a Sea of Misinformation | |||
===2021: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827321002251 Walking the party line: The growing role of political ideology in shaping health behavior in the United States]=== | ===2021: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352827321002251 Walking the party line: The growing role of political ideology in shaping health behavior in the United States]=== | ||
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===2019: [https://twitter.com/TamarHaspel/status/1206581050727641088 Twitter thread by:Tamar Haspel - Guarding against her own biases]=== | ===2019: [https://twitter.com/TamarHaspel/status/1206581050727641088 Twitter thread by:Tamar Haspel - Guarding against her own biases]=== | ||
===2019: [https://sci-hub.wf/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.12.012 Semmelweis Reflex: An Age-old Prejudice]=== | |||
===2018: [https://jamesclear.com/why-facts-dont-change-minds Why Facts Don’t Change Our Minds]=== | ===2018: [https://jamesclear.com/why-facts-dont-change-minds Why Facts Don’t Change Our Minds]=== | ||
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='''Suggestions to add to this page'''= | ='''Suggestions to add to this page'''= | ||
===2024: [https://reason.com/volokh/2024/02/16/when-doctors-are-the-source-of-public-health-misinformation/ When Doctors Are the Source of Public Health Misinformation]=== | |||
===2015: [https://www.psandman.com/col/e-cigs.htm A Promising Candidate for Most Dangerously Dishonest Public Health News Release of the Year]=== | |||
===2023: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.16296 Commentary on Wackowski et al.: Opportunities and Considerations for Addressing Misperceptions About the Relative Risks of Tobacco Products among Adult Smokers]=== | |||
*Article: [https://web.musc.edu/about/news-center/2023/08/15/many-adults-who-smoke-cigarettes-wrongly-think-that-vaping-is-worse-for-them Many adults who smoke cigarettes wrongly think that vaping is worse for them, say Hollings researcher and FDA Center for Tobacco Products director] | |||
*2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37218410/ Perceptions about levels of harmful chemicals in e-cigarettes relative to cigarettes, and associations with relative e-cigarette harm perceptions, e-cigarette use and interest] | |||
===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37131244/ Identifying spin bias of nonsignificant findings in biomedical studies]=== | ===2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37131244/ Identifying spin bias of nonsignificant findings in biomedical studies]=== | ||
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===2023: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntad028/7078383 Youths’ Perceptions of Nicotine Harm and Associations With Product Use]=== | ===2023: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/advance-article/doi/10.1093/ntr/ntad028/7078383 Youths’ Perceptions of Nicotine Harm and Associations With Product Use]=== | ||
===2023: [https://tobaccoanalysis.blogspot.com/2023/07/university-of-maryland-doctor-tells.html University of Maryland Doctor Tells Public He's Not Sure Smoking is Any More Hazardous than Vaping]=== | |||
===2022: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9747677/ Challenges in communicating the benefits of switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes: Responses from eight adult focus groups with varying smoking experience]=== | ===2022: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9747677/ Challenges in communicating the benefits of switching from cigarettes to e-cigarettes: Responses from eight adult focus groups with varying smoking experience]=== | ||
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===2022: [https://www.biznews.com/health/2022/08/19/burning-tobacco-nicotine-vaping Burning tobacco kills – not nicotine; Vegter clears the air]=== | ===2022: [https://www.biznews.com/health/2022/08/19/burning-tobacco-nicotine-vaping Burning tobacco kills – not nicotine; Vegter clears the air]=== | ||
===2022: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35935711/ Effects of brief exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on Twitter on knowledge and perceptions of e-cigarettes]=== | ===2022: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35935711/ Effects of brief exposure to misinformation about e-cigarette harms on Twitter on knowledge and perceptions of e-cigarettes]=== | ||
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===2022: [https://www.acsh.org/news/2022/02/24/lousy-vaping-studies-master-list-junk-science-16142 Lousy Vaping Studies: A Master List Of Junk Science]=== | ===2022: [https://www.acsh.org/news/2022/02/24/lousy-vaping-studies-master-list-junk-science-16142 Lousy Vaping Studies: A Master List Of Junk Science]=== | ||
===2022: [https://www.24shareupdates.com/2022/07/01/international-health-experts-denounce-misinformation-on-nicotine/ International health experts denounce misinformation on nicotine]=== | ===2022: [https://www.24shareupdates.com/2022/07/01/international-health-experts-denounce-misinformation-on-nicotine/ International health experts denounce misinformation on nicotine]=== | ||
===2021: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196958/ Tobacco Harm Reduction as a Path to Restore Trust in Tobacco Control]=== | ===2021: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196958/ Tobacco Harm Reduction as a Path to Restore Trust in Tobacco Control]=== | ||
===2021: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32762261/ The Dilemma of Correcting Nicotine Misperceptions: Nicotine Replacement Therapy versus Electronic Cigarettes]=== | |||
===2020: [https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305688 The Harm-Reduction Quandary of Reducing Adult Smoking While Dissuading Youth Initiation]=== | ===2020: [https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305688 The Harm-Reduction Quandary of Reducing Adult Smoking While Dissuading Youth Initiation]=== | ||
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===2019: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/22/6/1051/5426975?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false Younger Individuals and Their Human Right to Harm Reduction Information Should Be Considered in Determining Ethically Appropriate Public Health Actions]=== | ===2019: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article-abstract/22/6/1051/5426975?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false Younger Individuals and Their Human Right to Harm Reduction Information Should Be Considered in Determining Ethically Appropriate Public Health Actions]=== | ||
===2019: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31372310/ Knowledge Gaps around Smoking and Nicotine among U.S. Military Veterans Who Smoke and Implications for Practice]=== | |||
===2019: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/22/7/1148/5677516 Evaluation of the Impact of a Regional Educational Advertising Campaign on Harm Perceptions of E-Cigarettes, Prevalence of E-Cigarette Use, and Quit Attempts Among Smokers]=== | ===2019: [https://academic.oup.com/ntr/article/22/7/1148/5677516 Evaluation of the Impact of a Regional Educational Advertising Campaign on Harm Perceptions of E-Cigarettes, Prevalence of E-Cigarette Use, and Quit Attempts Among Smokers]=== | ||
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===2016: [https://clivebates.com/bad-science-accountability-and-courage-speech-by-ag-tom-miller/ Bad science, accountability and courage – speech by AG Tom Miller]=== | ===2016: [https://clivebates.com/bad-science-accountability-and-courage-speech-by-ag-tom-miller/ Bad science, accountability and courage – speech by AG Tom Miller]=== | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
[[File:Kennedy 2.png|center]] | [[File:Kennedy 2.png|center]] | ||
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