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*Self-report surveys, electronic diaries, and salivary cotinine all indicated that adolescents treated with pharmacotherapy for ADHD smoked less than their untreated counterparts over 2 years of high school. These convergent findings from 3 disparate indicators lend support to the self-medication hypothesis over the gateway hypothesis, although alternative explanations need further study. The findings also suggest that early treatment of psychological and behavioral problems may prevent or delay smoking initiation | *Self-report surveys, electronic diaries, and salivary cotinine all indicated that adolescents treated with pharmacotherapy for ADHD smoked less than their untreated counterparts over 2 years of high school. These convergent findings from 3 disparate indicators lend support to the self-medication hypothesis over the gateway hypothesis, although alternative explanations need further study. The findings also suggest that early treatment of psychological and behavioral problems may prevent or delay smoking initiation | ||
*Citation: Whalen, C. K., Jamner, L. D., Henker, B., Gehricke, J.-G., & King, P. S. (2003). Is There a Link Between Adolescent Cigarette Smoking and Pharmacotherapy for ADHD? Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17(4), 332–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.17.4.332 | *Citation: Whalen, C. K., Jamner, L. D., Henker, B., Gehricke, J.-G., & King, P. S. (2003). Is There a Link Between Adolescent Cigarette Smoking and Pharmacotherapy for ADHD? Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 17(4), 332–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-164X.17.4.332 | ||
===2001 [https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2001-14365-012 Effects of chronic nicotine and methylphenidate in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.]=== | |||
*This small study (40 participants) provided evidence that nicotine treatment can reduce severity of attentional deficit symptoms and produce improvement on an objective computerized attention task. | |||
*Citation: Levin, E. D., Conners, C. K., Silva, D., Canu, W., & March, J. (2001). Effects of chronic nicotine and methylphenidate in adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 9(1), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.9.1.83 | |||
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*Citation: Levin ED, Conners CK, Silva D, Hinton SC, Meck WH, March J, Rose JE. Transdermal nicotine effects on attention. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998 Nov;140(2):135-41. doi: 10.1007/s002130050750. PMID: 9860103 | *Citation: Levin ED, Conners CK, Silva D, Hinton SC, Meck WH, March J, Rose JE. Transdermal nicotine effects on attention. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1998 Nov;140(2):135-41. doi: 10.1007/s002130050750. PMID: 9860103 | ||
*Acknowledgement: The authors thank R.J. Reynolds for financial support of the project. Work on this article was partially supported by Career Science Award (K05MH0122903) to Dr. Conners and Research Scientist Development Award (K02MH0098102) to Dr. March | *Acknowledgement: The authors thank R.J. Reynolds for financial support of the project. Work on this article was partially supported by Career Science Award (K05MH0122903) to Dr. Conners and Research Scientist Development Award (K02MH0098102) to Dr. March | ||
===1996 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8741955/ Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder]=== <!--T:133--> | ===1996 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8741955/ Nicotine effects on adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder]=== <!--T:133--> | ||
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