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*"These studies lead some researchers to suspect that adolescent nicotine use in any form may lead to long-term structural and functional brain changes with associated negative implications for cognition or impulse control. However, given species differences and questions about the relevance of experimental animal nicotine dosing paradigms to human use patterns, the validity of extrapolation to humans is speculative. Whether impaired brain development with behavioral consequences occurs in young nicotine consumers is difficult to determine because of potential confounding of genetic and socioeconomic factors, the influence of other substance abuse, and the role of preexisting neuropsychiatric problems associated with youth smoking. Research has yet to isolate nicotine use in the adolescent years and then examine later sequelae. Still, concerns about brain function effects of nicotine exposure through vaping deserve serious examination." | *"These studies lead some researchers to suspect that adolescent nicotine use in any form may lead to long-term structural and functional brain changes with associated negative implications for cognition or impulse control. However, given species differences and questions about the relevance of experimental animal nicotine dosing paradigms to human use patterns, the validity of extrapolation to humans is speculative. Whether impaired brain development with behavioral consequences occurs in young nicotine consumers is difficult to determine because of potential confounding of genetic and socioeconomic factors, the influence of other substance abuse, and the role of preexisting neuropsychiatric problems associated with youth smoking. Research has yet to isolate nicotine use in the adolescent years and then examine later sequelae. Still, concerns about brain function effects of nicotine exposure through vaping deserve serious examination." | ||
*Citation: David J. K. Balfour, Neal L. Benowitz, Suzanne M. Colby, Dorothy K. Hatsukami, Harry A. Lando, Scott J. Leischow, Caryn Lerman, Robin J. Mermelstein, Raymond Niaura, Kenneth A. Perkins, Ovide F. Pomerleau, Nancy A. Rigotti, Gary E. Swan, Kenneth E. Warner, and Robert West, 2021: Balancing Consideration of the Risks and Benefits of E-Cigarettes, American Journal of Public Health 111, 1661_1672, https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306416 | *Citation: David J. K. Balfour, Neal L. Benowitz, Suzanne M. Colby, Dorothy K. Hatsukami, Harry A. Lando, Scott J. Leischow, Caryn Lerman, Robin J. Mermelstein, Raymond Niaura, Kenneth A. Perkins, Ovide F. Pomerleau, Nancy A. Rigotti, Gary E. Swan, Kenneth E. Warner, and Robert West, 2021: Balancing Consideration of the Risks and Benefits of E-Cigarettes, American Journal of Public Health 111, 1661_1672, https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306416 | ||
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===2015: [https://web.archive.org/web/20190511092056/http://www.tweelingenregister.org/nederlands/verslaggeving/NTR-publicaties_2015/Treur_BP_2015.pdf Smoking During Adolescence as a Risk Factor for Attention Problems]=== | ===2015: [https://web.archive.org/web/20190511092056/http://www.tweelingenregister.org/nederlands/verslaggeving/NTR-publicaties_2015/Treur_BP_2015.pdf Smoking During Adolescence as a Risk Factor for Attention Problems]=== | ||
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