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| [10] Nicotine has no potential for dependence outside of delivery within a tobacco vehicle. It is impossible to clinically induce the smallest sign of dependence on pure nicotine; hundreds of subjects have been administered very large doses of nicotine for months at a time in clinical trials, and no subject has ever demonstrated any sign of withdrawal, dependence, continuation, or indeed any other marker for dependence. Tobacco use, and especially smoking, creates dependence on nicotine by a persistent brain chemistry change caused by potentiation: the powerful boosting of effects by synergistic action created by tobacco components and additives and pyrolytic compounds in the smoke. (''See References and Quotes pages.'') No evidence at all exists for nicotine dependence outside of tobacco use: all citations lead to studies of smokers and ex-smokers. In contrast, all studies of never-smokers given large doses of pure nicotine (up to 15 cigarettes equivalency per day for 6 months) to investigate treatments for neurodegenerative diseases without exception report no signs of dependence whatsoever. | | [10] Nicotine has no potential for dependence outside of delivery within a tobacco vehicle. It is impossible to clinically induce the smallest sign of dependence on pure nicotine; hundreds of subjects have been administered very large doses of nicotine for months at a time in clinical trials, and no subject has ever demonstrated any sign of withdrawal, dependence, continuation, or indeed any other marker for dependence. Tobacco use, and especially smoking, creates dependence on nicotine by a persistent brain chemistry change caused by potentiation: the powerful boosting of effects by synergistic action created by tobacco components and additives and pyrolytic compounds in the smoke. (''See References and Quotes pages.'') No evidence at all exists for nicotine dependence outside of tobacco use: all citations lead to studies of smokers and ex-smokers. In contrast, all studies of never-smokers given large doses of pure nicotine (up to 15 cigarettes equivalency per day for 6 months) to investigate treatments for neurodegenerative diseases without exception report no signs of dependence whatsoever. |
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