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These studies will have been recently published in the last few months, and rightly or wrongly receiving media attention. Negative media attention is by its very nature, vastly more common, as 'bad news travels or sells'. Some may be described as junk studies, but we must demonstrate why that is the the case in a Scientific logical manner,not just simply dismiss. Please consult [[E-Cigarette_Research_Forum|E-Cigarette Research Forum]] that may well have examined and assessed a study may have an interest in. | These studies will have been recently published in the last few months, and rightly or wrongly receiving media attention. Negative media attention is by its very nature, vastly more common, as 'bad news travels or sells'. Some may be described as junk studies, but we must demonstrate why that is the the case in a Scientific logical manner,not just simply dismiss. Please consult [[E-Cigarette_Research_Forum|E-Cigarette Research Forum]] that may well have examined and assessed a study you may have an interest in. | ||
__TOC__ | __TOC__ | ||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33542068/ Heated debates on regulations of heated tobacco products in South Korea: the news valence, source and framing of relative risk/benefit]== | |||
*This poor study learns nothing new, by surveying TV and media. | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33543686/ Electronic Cigarette Solvents, Pulmonary Irritation and Endothelial Dysfunction:Role of Acetaldehyde and Formaldehyde]== | |||
* This poor study compares ECig aerosol to filtered air, not to tobacco smoke. | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33526122/ E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury and state-level cannabis policies]== | |||
*Conclusions: Estimates suggest there may have been a protective effect of state-level, recreational adult-use cannabis policies on incident EVALI. Effects of specific state-level regulations (e.g., laboratory testing, product quality standards, tracking systems) should be considered alongside additional geographic indices in future assessments of EVALI causes. | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33530755/ The role of vaping nicotine in psychiatry practice]== | |||
*People with mental illness have higher smoking rates, smoke more heavily, are more nicotine dependent and have lower quit rates than the general population. As a result, smoking prevalence is declining more slowly than in the wider community, especially among people with serious mental illness (SMI). | |||
*For smokers who are unable to quit with first line treatments and would otherwise continue to smoke tobacco, long-term substitution with a safer nicotine product could reduce tobacco-related harm. | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33486526/ An Open-Label, Randomised, Controlled, Crossover Study to Assess Nicotine Pharmacokinetics and Subjective Effects of the JUUL System with Three Nicotine Concentrations Relative to Combustible Cigarettes in Adult Smokers]== | |||
*This randomised, openlabel, crossover clinical study evaluated nicotine pharmacokinetics (PK) and subjective effects of the JUUL System (JS; Juul Labs, Inc.) with three nicotine concentrations compared to usual brand (UB) cigarettes in 24 adult smokers. | |||
*Conclusions: Nicotine exposure and subjective relief were directly related to JS nicotine concentration: higher nicotine concentrations gave rise to significantly greater plasma nicotine levels and relief from craving. Heavier and more dependent smokers may require the greater nicotine delivery of JS 59 mg/mL to successfully transition away from cigarettes. | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span> [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7816198/ Characterizing and assessing compliance of online vendors to the state of Massachusetts ENDS product sales ban]== | |||
*RESULTS | |||
Simulated online purchases from 50 identified ENDS vendors yielded 72% (n=36) stores that were non-compliant and allowed placement of ENDS product orders, without restrictions, to a Massachusetts address. The remaining 14 websites had processes in place to prevent orders from buyers located in Massachusetts. Other characteristics of interest, including use of age verification, location data, and web registrar/registrant data were collected and reported. | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(20)31382-3/fulltext E-Cigarettes, Harm Reduction, and Tobacco Control A Path Forward?]== | |||
* Full article link https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CBmxmTeclgKWjA-_7P3GQrddeOkEISIt/view | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span> [https://www.qeios.com/read/W0GEL2 Article Rating 0 Votes Review Article Article Jan 15, 2021 Qeios ID: W0GEL2 Open Access https://doi.org/10.32388/W0GEL2 Text messages to support e-cigarette use for smoking cessation: a tool for researchers]== | |||
*"Satisfaction: According to the cross sectional survey by Action on Smoking and Health (ASH)[10], of those who currently vape and do not smoke, two-thirds find vaping equally or more satisfying than smoking. However, for dual product users, around two thirds do not find vaping as satisfying. For those smokers who have tried an e-cigarette but discontinued use 80% report satisfaction as key reason for stopping vaping." | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33472979/ The temporary ban on tobacco sales in South Africa: lessons for endgame strategies]== | |||
*"Results: About 9% of prelockdown smokers in the sample successfully quit smoking. 93% of continuing smokers purchased cigarettes despite the sales ban. The average price of cigarettes increased by 250% relative to prelockdown prices. Most respondents purchased cigarettes through informal channels." | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.15391 A first pass, using pre‐history and contemporary history, at understanding why Australia and England have such different policies towards electronic nicotine delivery systems, 1970s–c. 2018]== | |||
*"An understanding of the different policy responses to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in England and Australia requires an appreciation of how actors within the different policy structures, scientific networks and activist organizations in each country and region have interpreted the evidence and the priority that policymakers have given to the competing goals of preventing adolescent uptake and encouraging smokers to use ENDS to quit smoking." | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.15226 User pathways of e‐cigarette use to support long term tobacco smoking relapse prevention: a qualitative analysis]== | |||
* Conclusions: In a sample of UK e‐cigarette users who report having used e‐cigarettes to quit smoking, a social context that supports continued vaping was perceived to be helpful in preventing relapse to smoking. | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33387740/ Risk perception of cigarette and e-cigarette use during pregnancy: A qualitative postpartum perspective]== | |||
* This wins our award for shockingly bad paper of the week. | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33394529/ Trends in Electronic Cigarette Use and Conventional Smoking: Quantifying a Possible "Diversion" Effect among U.S. Adolescents]== | |||
*Conclusions: A simulation model shows that a substantial diversion effect is needed to explain observed nicotine use trends among US adolescents, and it must be larger than any possible opposing catalyst effect, if present. | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33396201/ ENDS Flavor Preference by Menthol Cigarette Smoking Status among US Adults, 2018-2019]== | |||
*"Approximately 60% of dual users and “switchers” used fruit or other e-cigarette flavors, regardless of menthol cigarette preference. Exclusive use of these flavors was highest among “switchers” who had used nonmenthol cigarettes at 52.0% and lowest among dual users who used menthol cigarettes at 34.5%." | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33396598/ Response to Flavored Cartridge/Pod-Based Product Ban among Adult JUUL Users: "You Get Nicotine However You Can Get It"]== | |||
*The title says it all, if you ban flavours users simply re-adjust to the flavours that are available. We note no mention of the black market, or grey market sources that some users will have turned too. | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33405286/ Dependence on nicotine in US high school students in the context of changing patterns of tobacco product use]== | |||
*Findings: Between 2012 and 2019 there was a marked decline in past-30-day cigarette smoking and a surge in use of e-cigarettes. Different products were associated with differing levels of nicotine dependence, with cigarettes characterised by highest dependence (strong craving 42%, wanting to use within 30 minutes 17% among exclusive users in 2019) and e-cigarettes in otherwise tobacco-naïve students by low dependence (16% and 9% in 2019). The overall 34% increase in population use of nicotine products between 2012 and 2019 (from 23.2% to 31.2%) was not accompanied by an equivalent increase in overall population burden of dependence (percentage reporting craving 10.9% [95% CI 9.8-12.2%] in 2012 and 9.5% [7.5-12.0%] in 2019; wanting to use within 30 minutes 4.7% [4.0-5.5%] in 2012, 5.4% [4.0-7.2%] in 2019). | |||
*Conclusions: Among US high school students, increases in the prevalence of nicotine product use from 2012 to 2019 do not appear to have been accompanied by a similar increase in the population burden of nicotine dependence. This may be at least partly attributable to a shift in the most common product of choice from cigarettes (on which users are most dependent) to e-cigarettes (on which users are least dependent). | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW:,</span>[https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.051551 Association of Cigarette and Electronic Cigarette Use Patterns With Levels of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Among US Adults: Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study]== | |||
* "Our analysis was restricted to Wave 1 adults ≥18 years of age with nonmissing data on biomarkers and cigarette/e-cigarette use. Analytic sample sizes were dependent on the respective biomarker considered." | |||
*"...we observed no difference in inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers between exclusive e-cigarette users and nonusers (no cigarettes or vaping), and levels were lower in exclusive e-cigarette users relative to exclusive smokers." | |||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW: </span>[https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/3/683 Associations of Socioeconomic Status, Parental Smoking and Parental E-Cigarette Use with 10–11-Year-Old Children’s Perceptions of Tobacco Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Cross Sectional Analysis of the CHETS Wales 3 Survey]== | ==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">NEW: </span>[https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/3/683 Associations of Socioeconomic Status, Parental Smoking and Parental E-Cigarette Use with 10–11-Year-Old Children’s Perceptions of Tobacco Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Cross Sectional Analysis of the CHETS Wales 3 Survey]== | ||
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* <span>Hence, our study provides no evidence to support a view that if parent figures fully switch from tobacco smoking to e-cigarettes, the use of devices which ‘mimic’ the act of smoking will maintain positive perceptions of smoking among their children. This adds to prior evidence that, in the UK at least, the presence of e-cigarettes in the lives of children who have grown up in a context of comprehensive tobacco control, has not led them to perceive tobacco cigarettes more positively.</span> | * <span>Hence, our study provides no evidence to support a view that if parent figures fully switch from tobacco smoking to e-cigarettes, the use of devices which ‘mimic’ the act of smoking will maintain positive perceptions of smoking among their children. This adds to prior evidence that, in the UK at least, the presence of e-cigarettes in the lives of children who have grown up in a context of comprehensive tobacco control, has not led them to perceive tobacco cigarettes more positively.</span> | ||
<span></span> | <span></span> | ||
=== See Also:[https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-7517-10-30 Looks like smoking, is it smoking?: Children’s perceptions of cigarette-like nicotine delivery systems, smoking and cessation]=== | ===See Also:[https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-7517-10-30 Looks like smoking, is it smoking?: Children’s perceptions of cigarette-like nicotine delivery systems, smoking and cessation]=== | ||
* Children did not recognise the inhaler or electronic cigarette. Some children did however notice anomalies in the ‘smoking’ behaviour. Once told about the products the children were mostly positive about the potential of the inhaler and electronic cigarette to assist smokers to quit. Negative perceptions were expressed, including views about the ill health effects associated with continued nicotine intake and the smoker’s inability to quit. | * Children did not recognise the inhaler or electronic cigarette. Some children did however notice anomalies in the ‘smoking’ behaviour. Once told about the products the children were mostly positive about the potential of the inhaler and electronic cigarette to assist smokers to quit. Negative perceptions were expressed, including views about the ill health effects associated with continued nicotine intake and the smoker’s inability to quit. | ||
==<span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 0);" data-mce-style="background-color: #ffff00;">New:</span>[https://www.royalsociety.org.nz/research/switching-from-smoking-to-electronic-delivery-systems/ Switching from smoking to Electronic Delivery Systems: Changing practices and identities]== | |||
* Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) – commonly known as E-cigarettes or vapes - could potentially support the smokefree 2025 goal, but switching from smoking to ENDS involves more than replacing one nicotine source with another | |||
* Researchers from the University of Otago, led by Professor Janet Hoek and Ms Mei-Ling Blank, have theorised that people may seek more than a physical re-creation of smoking. Gathering together a multi-disciplinary team comprising public health researchers, health psychologists, consumer behaviour theorists and biostatisticians, their Marsden Fund project explores how people move from identifying as smokers and attempt to negotiate new identity positions as ENDS users. The study involved researchers buying study participants an ENDS device, then meeting with them up to five times over an 18-20 week period and asking them to record their daily smoking and ENDS use. Participants also recorded their mood states and recorded their smoking and ENDS use in a daily diary. | |||
==Ongoing [https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/notice-final-decision-amend-current-poisons-standard-nicotine.pdf Australian TGA to make Vaping prescription only]== | ==Ongoing [https://www.tga.gov.au/sites/default/files/notice-final-decision-amend-current-poisons-standard-nicotine.pdf Australian TGA to make Vaping prescription only]== | ||
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===see also accompanying Glantz [https://profglantz.com/2020/12/01/more-evidence-that-e-cigs-expanding-nicotine-addiction/ blog]=== | ===see also accompanying Glantz [https://profglantz.com/2020/12/01/more-evidence-that-e-cigs-expanding-nicotine-addiction/ blog]=== | ||
*note another [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2773464 paper] published 2/12 finds the exact opposite, due to differing frequency of use measures applied, ie one includes ever use as opposed to regular use. | * note another [https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2773464 paper] published 2/12 finds the exact opposite, due to differing frequency of use measures applied, ie one includes ever use as opposed to regular use. | ||
**Despite its recent increase in popularity, e-cigarette use does not seem to be counteracting the decreases in other tobacco use prevalence. | ** Despite its recent increase in popularity, e-cigarette use does not seem to be counteracting the decreases in other tobacco use prevalence. | ||
*Further analysis [https://rodutobaccotruth.blogspot.com/2020/12/how-federal-funding-influences-tobacco.html here] gives another explanation for the differences. | ** See also Item 1 in the table of contents | ||
* Further analysis [https://rodutobaccotruth.blogspot.com/2020/12/how-federal-funding-influences-tobacco.html here] gives another explanation for the differences. | |||
* These entries neatly summarise some of the major differences that exist in Tobacco Control, that of data interpretation. We leave it to the readers to decide which is the more plausible | |||
==[https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2468-2667%2820%2930145-6 New Lancet Study: vaping is rare among individuals who have never smoked conventional cigarettes.]== | ==[https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S2468-2667%2820%2930145-6 New Lancet Study: vaping is rare among individuals who have never smoked conventional cigarettes.]== | ||
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