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| =ENDS - Heart Disease= | | =ENDS - Heart Disease= |
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| | ==2019: [http://www.ecigarette-research.org/research/index.php/whats-new/2019/268-ecig-heart E-cigarette use increases the risk of stroke and heart attack: conclusions that constitute epidemiological malpractice] |
| | *Dr Farsalinos: “Increasing the risk” means that someone is FIRST exposed to a condition (in this case, exposed to e-cigarette use) and THEN, BECAUSE OF THIS EXPOSURE, he/she develops disease. Both studies CANNOT provide any of this information to substantiate an increased risk. Both are cross-sectional surveys, meaning that they asked participants if they have heart disease and if they use e-cigarettes. The studies provide no information on whether e-cigarette use was initiated before (and how long before) or after the development of disease. What if participants used e-cigarettes after they developed the disease in order to quit smoking? |
| | *The same concerns were raised by Holly R. Middlekauff, MD and Jeffrey Gornbein, DrPH in their 2019 paper: [https://sci-hub.se/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.06.007 Association of Electronic Cigarette Use With Myocardial Infarction: Persistent Uncertainty]. |
| | *Debunking this study: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30166079/ Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Myocardial Infarction] |
| | *Debunking this conference abstract: [https://newsroom.heart.org/news/e-cigarettes-linked-to-higher-risk-of-stroke-heart-attack-diseased-arteries E-cigarettes linked to higher risk of stroke, heart attack, diseased arteries] |
| | *Debunking this Medical Xpress article: [https://medicalxpress.com/news/2019-01-e-cigarettes-linked-higher-heart-diseased.html E-cigarettes linked to higher risk of stroke, heart attack, diseased arteries] |
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| | ==2016: [https://senseaboutscience.org/activities/response-to-stories-suggesting-that-vaping-is-as-bad-for-the-heart-as-cigarettes/ Response to stories suggesting that vaping is as bad for the heart as cigarettes]== |
| | *Professor Peter Hajek: “The study is reporting on a well-known short-term effect of nicotine – stiffening of arteries – that accompanies all types of stimulation. The same effect is generated by watching a thriller or a football match or sitting an exam. Drinking a cup of coffee actually produces a larger response of much longer duration. The key heart health risks of smoking are not caused by nicotine but by other chemicals in tobacco smoke that are not present in e-cigarette vapour.” |
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| =ENDS - Multiple Myths= | | =ENDS - Multiple Myths= |