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='''Parkinson Disease'''= | ='''Parkinson Disease'''= | ||
=== 2023: [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223310/full Changes in smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of Parkinson’s | === 2023: [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223310/full Changes in smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of Parkinson’s disease] === | ||
* A total of 3,931,741 patients were included. | |||
* Compared to the sustained non-smokers, sustained light smokers, sustained moderate smokers, and sustained heavy smokers had a lower risk of PD. | |||
* Compared to those who sustained non-drinking, sustained light drinkers, sustained moderate drinkers, and sustained heavy drinkers showed decreased risk of PD. | |||
* Among non-drinkers, those who started drinking to a light level were at decreased risk of PD. Among non-smoking and non-drinking participants, those who initiated smoking only, drinking only, and both smoking and drinking showed decreased risk of PD. | |||
* Smoking is associated with decreased risk of PD with a dose–response relationship. Alcohol consumption at a light level may also be associated with decreased risk of PD. Further studies are warranted to find the possible mechanisms for the protective effects of smoking and drinking on PD, which may present insights into the etiology of PD. | |||
* Front. Aging Neurosci., 13 September 2023 Sec. Parkinson’s Disease and Aging-related Movement Disorders Volume 15 - 2023 | <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223310</nowiki> | |||
=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36817162/ Nicotine alleviates MPTP-induced nigrostriatal damage through modulation of JNK and ERK signaling pathways in the mice model of Parkinson's disease.] === | === 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36817162/ Nicotine alleviates MPTP-induced nigrostriatal damage through modulation of JNK and ERK signaling pathways in the mice model of Parkinson's disease.] === | ||
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