Nicotine - Stigma: Difference between revisions
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===2013: [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/009145091304000107 After the Smoke Has Cleared: Reflections from a Former Smoker and Tobacco Researcher]=== | ===2013: [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/009145091304000107 After the Smoke Has Cleared: Reflections from a Former Smoker and Tobacco Researcher]=== | ||
*[https://sci-hub. | *[https://sci-hub.in/10.1177/009145091304000107 Sci-Hub (full paper)] | ||
*I use the terms “tobacco user” and “people who smoke” to counter the pejorative implications of the term “smoker(s)” | *I use the terms “tobacco user” and “people who smoke” to counter the pejorative implications of the term “smoker(s)” | ||
*I found that most of the tobacco and health advocates I encountered held dismissive and demeaning views about people who smoke... | *I found that most of the tobacco and health advocates I encountered held dismissive and demeaning views about people who smoke... | ||
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===2008: [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09581590802687358 Tobacco control and the inequitable socio-economic distribution of smoking: smokers’ discourses and implications for tobacco control]=== | ===2008: [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09581590802687358 Tobacco control and the inequitable socio-economic distribution of smoking: smokers’ discourses and implications for tobacco control]=== | ||
*[https://sci-hub. | *[https://sci-hub.in/10.1080/09581590802687358 Full Study on Sci-Hub] | ||
*Few low SES smokers questioned their smoking status, instead framing smoking as a ‘fact of life’. However, there was also a clear sense that tobacco control, and its adherents, are contributing to a sense of stigmatised identity for these smokers. | *Few low SES smokers questioned their smoking status, instead framing smoking as a ‘fact of life’. However, there was also a clear sense that tobacco control, and its adherents, are contributing to a sense of stigmatised identity for these smokers. | ||
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===2017: [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-law-medicine-and-ethics/article/abs/stigmatizing-the-unhealthy/A5459EB669E1C69C9326C13915D6E379 Stigmatizing the Unhealthy]=== | ===2017: [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-law-medicine-and-ethics/article/abs/stigmatizing-the-unhealthy/A5459EB669E1C69C9326C13915D6E379 Stigmatizing the Unhealthy]=== | ||
*[https://sci-hub. | *[https://sci-hub.in/10.1177/1073110517750582 Sci-Hub (full paper)] | ||
*The very fact that the Affordable Care Act moved away from health status-based rating in the individual market, with conspicious exceptions for tobacco use and wellness program participation, is telling. The ACA then suffers from an internal tension. On one hand, its supporters framed it as “a civil rights bill for the sick.” On the other, despite eliminating health insurance practices that explicitly disadvantage people based on health, the ACA permits — even encourages — health insurers to charge more to people who use tobacco. Pursuant to the tobacco surcharge, an insurer can opt to charge a tobacco user up to fifty percent more for the same health plan. While many health insurance companies may not opt to charge the full penalty, the ones that do could price out smokers and other tobacco users. | *The very fact that the Affordable Care Act moved away from health status-based rating in the individual market, with conspicious exceptions for tobacco use and wellness program participation, is telling. The ACA then suffers from an internal tension. On one hand, its supporters framed it as “a civil rights bill for the sick.” On the other, despite eliminating health insurance practices that explicitly disadvantage people based on health, the ACA permits — even encourages — health insurers to charge more to people who use tobacco. Pursuant to the tobacco surcharge, an insurer can opt to charge a tobacco user up to fifty percent more for the same health plan. While many health insurance companies may not opt to charge the full penalty, the ones that do could price out smokers and other tobacco users. | ||
*It then comes as no real surprise that the Affordable Care Act’s tobacco surcharge may actually backfire, leading people to drop health insurance rather than to quit smoking. Given both the intervention’s ineffectiveness and its lack of a clear justification for regulating tobacco use and no other health status, we propose that singling out tobacco users may be the result of animus. | *It then comes as no real surprise that the Affordable Care Act’s tobacco surcharge may actually backfire, leading people to drop health insurance rather than to quit smoking. Given both the intervention’s ineffectiveness and its lack of a clear justification for regulating tobacco use and no other health status, we propose that singling out tobacco users may be the result of animus. | ||