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Standard atomic weight


Overview: formal value types of the standard atomic weight^[1] v t e
Element (E)		A_r°(E)	Value type	A_r°(E), abridged or conventional	Mass number [most stable isotope]
hydrogen	₁H	[1.00784, 1.00811]	interval	1.0080±0.0002
nitrogen	₇N	[14.00643, 14.00728]	interval	14.007±0.001
fluorine	₉F	18.998403162±0.000000005	number ± uncertainty	18.998±0.001
calcium	₂₀Ca	40.078±0.004	number ± uncertainty	40.078±0.004
technetium	₄₃Tc	(none)	most stable isotope		[97]

Data: /symbol-to-saw
For most stable isotope mass number (Tc, Rf, Uue etc.) see also {{Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope}}.

Usage

Use parameter |format=:

|format=standard (default)
|format=abridged
|format=formal-short-rounded
|format=year-changed
|format=value-type
|format=gmr-footnote
|format=source

For 'most stable isotope' value (Tc, Rf, Uue etc.), see also {{Infobox element/symbol-to-most-stable-isotope}}.

|valformat=

sourcing

{{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/CIAAW-saw-element-page|Hg|format=source}} →

"Standard Atomic Weights: Mercury". CIAAW. 2011.

or as |format=ref^[2]

g, m, r footnote

|format=gmr-footnote

|symbol=H, Og, g-text, m-text, r-text

|valformat=letter, footnote-text (dev Mar2023)

g	[mini-title] Geological and biological materials are known in which the element has an isotopic composition outside the limits for normal material. The difference between the atomic weight of the element in such materials and that given in the table may exceed the stated uncertainty.
m	[mini-title] Modified isotopic compositions may be found in commercially available material because the material has been subjected to some undisclosed or inadvertent isotopic fractionation. Substantial deviations in atomic weight of the element from that given in the table can occur.
r	[mini-title] Range in isotopic composition of normal terrestrial material prevents a more precise standard atomic weight being given; the tabulated value and uncertainty should be applicable to normal material.
Texts from CIAAW site, 19 Mar 2023.

(developing, Mar 2023)
enwiki prefix (mini-title)
g: not applicable for exceptional natural samples
m: not applicable for exceptional man-made samples (undisclosed enrichment)
r: natural variation too large to give single value

(from [1] -DePiep (talk) 09:48, 26 March 2023 (UTC))

Overview

v t e Standard atomic weights of the elements overview page (data)
Z	Symbol	Name	A_r°(E) 2021: Table 1, columns 4, 5	Type	Abridged columns 7, 8	g, m, r	m.s.i.	Year changed

1	H	hydrogen	[1.00784, 1.00811]	2	1.0080±0.0002	m		2009^[3]
2	He	helium	4.002602±0.000002	1	4.0026±0.0001	g, r		1983^[4]
3	Li	lithium	[6.938, 6.997]	2	6.94±0.06	m		2009^[5]
4	Be	beryllium	9.0121831±0.0000005	1	9.0122±0.0001			2013^[6]
5	B	boron	[10.806, 10.821]	2	10.81±0.02	m		2009^[7]
6	C	carbon	[12.0096, 12.0116]	2	12.011±0.002			2009^[8]
7	N	nitrogen	[14.00643, 14.00728]	2	14.007±0.001	m		2009^[9]
8	O	oxygen	[15.99903, 15.99977]	2	15.999±0.001	m		2009^[10]
9	F	fluorine	18.998403162±0.000000005	1	18.998±0.001			2021^[11]
10	Ne	neon	20.1797±0.0006	1	20.180±0.001	g, m		1985^[12]
11	Na	sodium	22.98976928±0.00000002	1	22.990±0.001			2005^[13]
12	Mg	magnesium	[24.304, 24.307]	2	24.305±0.002			2011^[14]
13	Al	aluminium	26.9815384±0.0000003	1	26.982±0.001			2017^[15]
14	Si	silicon	[28.084, 28.086]	2	28.085±0.001			2009^[16]
15	P	phosphorus	30.973761998±0.000000005	1	30.974±0.001			2013^[17]
16	S	sulfur	[32.059, 32.076]	2	32.06±0.02			2009^[18]
17	Cl	chlorine	[35.446, 35.457]	2	35.45±0.01	m		2009^[19]
18	Ar	argon	[39.792, 39.963]	2	39.95±0.16			2017^[20]
19	K	potassium	39.0983±0.0001	1	39.098±0.001			1979^[21]
20	Ca	calcium	40.078±0.004	1	40.078±0.004	g		1983^[22]
21	Sc	scandium	44.955907±0.000004	1	44.956±0.001			2021^[23]
22	Ti	titanium	47.867±0.001	1	47.867±0.001			1993^[24]
23	V	vanadium	50.9415±0.0001	1	50.942±0.001			1977^[25]
24	Cr	chromium	51.9961±0.0006	1	51.996±0.001			1983^[26]
25	Mn	manganese	54.938043±0.000002	1	54.938±0.001			2017^[27]
26	Fe	iron	55.845±0.002	1	55.845±0.002			1993^[28]
27	Co	cobalt	58.933194±0.000003	1	58.933±0.001			2017^[29]
28	Ni	nickel	58.6934±0.0004	1	58.693±0.001	r		2007^[30]
29	Cu	copper	63.546±0.003	1	63.546±0.003	r		1969^[31]
30	Zn	zinc	65.38±0.02	1	65.38±0.02	r		2007^[32]
31	Ga	gallium	69.723±0.001	1	69.723±0.001			1987^[33]
32	Ge	germanium	72.630±0.008	1	72.630±0.008			2009^[34]
33	As	arsenic	74.921595±0.000006	1	74.922±0.001			2013^[35]
34	Se	selenium	78.971±0.008	1	78.971±0.008	r		2013^[36]
35	Br	bromine	[79.901, 79.907]	2	79.904±0.003			2011^[37]
36	Kr	krypton	83.798±0.002	1	83.798±0.002	g, m		2001^[38]
37	Rb	rubidium	85.4678±0.0003	1	85.468±0.001	g		1969^[39]
38	Sr	strontium	87.62±0.01	1	87.62±0.01	g, r		1969^[40]
39	Y	yttrium	88.905838±0.000002	1	88.906±0.001			2021^[41]
40	Zr	zirconium	91.224±0.002	1	91.224±0.002	g		1983^[42]
41	Nb	niobium	92.90637±0.00001	1	92.906±0.001			2017^[43]
42	Mo	molybdenum	95.95±0.01	1	95.95±0.01	g		2013^[44]
43	Tc	technetium	-	3			[97]
44	Ru	ruthenium	101.07±0.02	1	101.07±0.02	g		1983^[45]
45	Rh	rhodium	102.90549±0.00002	1	102.91±0.01			2017^[46]
46	Pd	palladium	106.42±0.01	1	106.42±0.01	g		1979^[47]
47	Ag	silver	107.8682±0.0002	1	107.87±0.01	g		1985^[48]
48	Cd	cadmium	112.414±0.004	1	112.41±0.01	g		2013^[49]
49	In	indium	114.818±0.001	1	114.82±0.01			2011^[50]
50	Sn	tin	118.710±0.007	1	118.71±0.01	g		1983^[51]
51	Sb	antimony	121.760±0.001	1	121.76±0.01	g		1993^[52]
52	Te	tellurium	127.60±0.03	1	127.60±0.03	g		1969^[53]
53	I	iodine	126.90447±0.00003	1	126.90±0.01			1985^[54]
54	Xe	xenon	131.293±0.006	1	131.29±0.01	g, m		1999^[55]
55	Cs	caesium	132.90545196±0.00000006	1	132.91±0.01			2013^[56]
56	Ba	barium	137.327±0.007	1	137.33±0.01			1985^[57]
57	La	lanthanum	138.90547±0.00007	1	138.91±0.01	g		2005^[58]
58	Ce	cerium	140.116±0.001	1	140.12±0.01	g		1995^[59]
59	Pr	praseodymium	140.90766±0.00001	1	140.91±0.01			2017^[60]
60	Nd	neodymium	144.242±0.003	1	144.24±0.01	g		2005^[61]
61	Pm	promethium		3			[145]
62	Sm	samarium	150.36±0.02	1	150.36±0.02	g		2005^[62]
63	Eu	europium	151.964±0.001	1	151.96±0.01	g		1995^[63]
64	Gd	gadolinium	157.25±0.03	1	157.25±0.03	g		1969^[64]
65	Tb	terbium	158.925354±0.000007	1	158.93±0.01			2021^[65]
66	Dy	dysprosium	162.500±0.001	1	162.50±0.01	g		2001^[66]
67	Ho	holmium	164.930329±0.000005	1	164.93±0.01			2021^[67]
68	Er	erbium	167.259±0.003	1	167.26±0.01	g		1999^[68]
69	Tm	thulium	168.934219±0.000005	1	168.93±0.01			2021^[69]
70	Yb	ytterbium	173.045±0.010	1	173.05±0.02	g		2015^[70]
71	Lu	lutetium	174.9668±0.0001	1	174.97±0.01	g		2007^[71]
72	Hf	hafnium	178.486±0.006	1	178.49±0.01	g		2019^[72]
73	Ta	tantalum	180.94788±0.00002	1	180.95±0.01			2005^[73]
74	W	tungsten	183.84±0.01	1	183.84±0.01			1991^[74]
75	Re	rhenium	186.207±0.001	1	186.21±0.01			1973^[75]
76	Os	osmium	190.23±0.03	1	190.23±0.03	g		1991^[76]
77	Ir	iridium	192.217±0.002	1	192.22±0.01			2017^[77]
78	Pt	platinum	195.084±0.009	1	195.08±0.02			2005^[78]
79	Au	gold	196.966570±0.000004	1	196.97±0.01			2017^[79]
80	Hg	mercury	200.592±0.003	1	200.59±0.01			2011^[80]
81	Tl	thallium	[204.382, 204.385]	2	204.38±0.01			2009^[81]
82	Pb	lead	[206.14, 207.94]	2	207.2±1.1			2020^[82]
83	Bi	bismuth	208.98040±0.00001	1	208.98±0.01			2005^[83]
84	Po	polonium	-	3			[209]
85	At	astatine	-	3			[210]
86	Rn	radon	-	3			[222]
87	Fr	francium	-	3			[223]
88	Ra	radium	-	3			[226]
89	Ac	actinium	-	3			[227]
90	Th	thorium	232.0377±0.0004	1	232.04±0.01	g		2013^[84]
91	Pa	protactinium	231.03588±0.00001	1	231.04±0.01			2017^[85]
92	U	uranium	238.02891±0.00003	1	238.03±0.01	g, m		1999^[86]
93	Np	neptunium	-	3			[237]
94	Pu	plutonium	-	3			[244]
95	Am	americium	-	3			[243]
96	Cm	curium	-	3			[247]
97	Bk	berkelium	-	3			[247]
98	Cf	californium	-	3			[251]
99	Es	einsteinium	-	3			[252]
100	Fm	fermium	-	3			[257]
101	Md	mendelevium	-	3			[258]
102	No	nobelium	-	3			[259]
103	Lr	lawrencium	-	3			[266]
104	Rf	rutherfordium	-	3			[267]
105	Db	dubnium	-	3			[268]
106	Sg	seaborgium	-	3			[269]
107	Bh	bohrium	-	3			[270]
108	Hs	hassium	-	3			[269]
109	Mt	meitnerium	-	3			[278]
110	Ds	darmstadtium	-	3			[281]
111	Rg	roentgenium	-	3			[282]
112	Cn	copernicium	-	3			[285]
113	Nh	nihonium	-	3			[286]
114	Fl	flerovium	-	3			[289]
115	Mc	moscovium	-	3			[290]
116	Lv	livermorium	-	3			[293]
117	Ts	tennessine	-	3			[294]
118	Og	oganesson	-	3			[294]
119	Uue	ununennium	-
120	Ubn	unbinilium	-
121	Ubu	unbiunium	-
122	Ubb	unbibium	-
124	Ubq	unbiquadium	-
126	Ubh	unbihexium	-

g	Geological and biological materials are known in which the element has an isotopic composition outside the limits for normal material. The difference between the atomic weight of the element in such materials and that given in the table may exceed the stated uncertainty.
m	Modified isotopic compositions may be found in commercially available material because the material has been subjected to some undisclosed or inadvertent isotopic fractionation. Substantial deviations in atomic weight of the element from that given in the table can occur.
r	Range in isotopic composition of normal terrestrial material prevents a more precise standard atomic weight being given; the tabulated value and uncertainty should be applicable to normal material.

References

^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in English). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Mercury". CIAAW. 2011.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Hydrogen". CIAAW. 2009.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Helium". CIAAW. 1983.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Lithium". CIAAW. 2009.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Beryllium". CIAAW. 2013.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Boron". CIAAW. 2009.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Carbon". CIAAW. 2009.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Nitrogen". CIAAW. 2009.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Oxygen". CIAAW. 2009.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Fluorine". CIAAW. 2021.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Neon". CIAAW. 1985.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Sodium". CIAAW. 2005.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Magnesium". CIAAW. 2011.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Aluminium". CIAAW. 2017.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Silicon". CIAAW. 2009.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Phosphorus". CIAAW. 2013.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Sulfur". CIAAW. 2009.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Chlorine". CIAAW. 2009.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Argon". CIAAW. 2017.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Potassium". CIAAW. 1979.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Calcium". CIAAW. 1983.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Scandium". CIAAW. 2021.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Titanium". CIAAW. 1993.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Vanadium". CIAAW. 1977.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Chromium". CIAAW. 1983.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Manganese". CIAAW. 2017.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Iron". CIAAW. 1993.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Cobalt". CIAAW. 2017.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Nickel". CIAAW. 2007.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Copper". CIAAW. 1969.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Zinc". CIAAW. 2007.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Gallium". CIAAW. 1987.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Germanium". CIAAW. 2009.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Arsenic". CIAAW. 2013.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Selenium". CIAAW. 2013.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Bromine". CIAAW. 2011.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Krypton". CIAAW. 2001.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Rubidium". CIAAW. 1969.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Strontium". CIAAW. 1969.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Zirconium". CIAAW. 1983.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Niobium". CIAAW. 2017.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Molybdenum". CIAAW. 2013.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Ruthenium". CIAAW. 1983.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Rhodium". CIAAW. 2017.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Palladium". CIAAW. 1979.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Silver". CIAAW. 1985.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Cadmium". CIAAW. 2013.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Indium". CIAAW. 2011.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Tin". CIAAW. 1983.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Antimony". CIAAW. 1993.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Tellurium". CIAAW. 1969.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Iodine". CIAAW. 1985.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Xenon". CIAAW. 1999.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Caesium". CIAAW. 2013.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Barium". CIAAW. 1985.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Lanthanum". CIAAW. 2005.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Cerium". CIAAW. 1995.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Praseodymium". CIAAW. 2017.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Neodymium". CIAAW. 2005.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Samarium". CIAAW. 2005.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Europium". CIAAW. 1995.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Gadolinium". CIAAW. 1969.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Terbium". CIAAW. 2021.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Dysprosium". CIAAW. 2001.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Holmium". CIAAW. 2021.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Erbium". CIAAW. 1999.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Thulium". CIAAW. 2021.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Ytterbium". CIAAW. 2015.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Lutetium". CIAAW. 2007.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Hafnium". CIAAW. 2019.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Tantalum". CIAAW. 2005.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Tungsten". CIAAW. 1991.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Rhenium". CIAAW. 1973.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Osmium". CIAAW. 1991.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Iridium". CIAAW. 2017.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Platinum". CIAAW. 2005.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Gold". CIAAW. 2017.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Mercury". CIAAW. 2011.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Thallium". CIAAW. 2009.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Lead". CIAAW. 2020.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Bismuth". CIAAW. 2005.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Thorium". CIAAW. 2013.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Protactinium". CIAAW. 2017.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Uranium". CIAAW. 1999.

Updates

(This list: )

CIAAW may publish changes to atomic weights (including its precision and derived values). Since 1947, any update this is done in odd years nominally; the actual date of publication may be some time later.

2009 {{CIAAW2009}} (introducing interval notation; Ge):

"Atomic weights of the elements 2009 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 83 (2): 359–396. 12 December 2010. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-10-09-14.

2011 {{CIAAW2011}} (interval for Br, Mg):

"Atomic weights of the elements 2011 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 85 (5): 1047–1078. 29 April 2013. doi:10.1351/PAC-REP-13-03-02.

2013 {{CIAAW2013}} (all elements listed):

Meija, Juris; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.

2015 {{CIAAW2015}} (ytterbium changed):

"Standard Atomic Weight of Ytterbium Revised". Chemistry International. 37 (5–6): 26. October 2015. doi:10.1515/ci-2015-0512. eISSN 0193-6484. ISSN 0193-6484.

2017 {{CIAAW2017}} (14 values changed):

"Standard atomic weights of 14 chemical elements revised". CIAAW. 2018-06-05.

2019 (hafnium value changed): Meija, Juris; et al. (2019-12-09). "Standard atomic weight of hafnium revised". CIAAW. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
2020* (lead value changed): Zhu, Xiang-Kun; Benefield, Jacqueline; Coplen, Tyler B.; Gao, Zhaofu; Holden, Norman E. (1 October 2020). "Variation of lead isotopic composition and atomic weight in terrestrial materials (IUPAC Technical Report)". doi:10.1515/pac-2018-0916.

* "2020" is an inconsistent year for change publication: CIAAW maintains that only odd years, changes are publicised.

2021 {{CIAAW2021}} (all elements listed); (4 values changed; introduced new symbol; merge "conventional" into "abridged" columns; change uncertainty notation (use "±")

Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; et al. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry (in English). doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
Uncertainty handling

About notation and handling of the uncertainty in the values, including those in [ ] range values:

Possolo, Antonio; van der Veen, Adriaan M.H.; Meija, Juris; et al. (4 Jan 2018). "Interpreting and propagating the uncertainty of the standard atomic weights (IUPAC Technical Report)". doi:10.1515/pac-2016-0402. Retrieved 20 Oct 2020.
{{CIAAW2021}}: changing notation (i.e., interpretation, not the value) from 123.45(2) into 123.45±0.02

Outdated references

{{NUBASE 1997}} — Audi
{{NUBASE 2003}} — Audi (used in the 2008 enwiki "Isotopes of <element>" Big Tables)
{{NUBASE 2012}}
{{CIAAW2003}} — De Laeter
{{CIAAW 2005}} — Wieser

{{CRC85}} ({{CRC85|chapter=11}}) &mdsh; Holden
"Universal Nuclide Chart". nucleonica. -- broken/bad access

See also: {{Isotopes table/references}}

Data templates to update

{{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw}} -- meta

data: {{CIAAW2021}}

secondary data

{{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/formal-short-rounded}} -- uncertainties removed; informal (e.g., in periodic table)
{{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/year-changed}} -- by CIAAW
{{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/value-type}}
{{Infobox element/symbol-to-saw/gmr-footnote}}