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=Youth - Nicotine Use= | =Youth - Nicotine Use= | ||
=== 2023: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37263111/ What are the harms of vaping in young people who have never smoked?] === | |||
* A comprehensive rebuttal of the concerns about youth vaping from Drs. Mendelsohn and Hall, covering several different angles. | |||
* How common is frequent vaping in never-smokers? | |||
** Frequent vaping by young people who have never smoked is uncommon in western countries with a prevalence mostly under 2%. | |||
** Measures of lifetime vaping (“even a puff”) or current vaping (at least once in the past 30-days) overestimate the prevalence of frequent vaping by those who have never-smoked because they include experimental and infrequent vaping which is the most common pattern of use in this group. | |||
* Does vaping increase the risk of taking up smoking? | |||
** Increases in youth vaping have been accompanied by an accelerated decline in smoking since vaping became popular in the US, UK, and New Zealand, suggesting either no overall gateway effect or at most, a small gateway effect that is outweighed by the much larger number moving from smoking to vaping. | |||
* What are the known health effects of vaping by never-smokers? | |||
** Nicotine itself represents minimal risk of serious harm in the doses commonly used in vaping. Nicotine does not cause cancer or lung disease and it has only a minor role in cardiovascular disease. | |||
* Do never-smokers who vape become dependent on nicotine? | |||
** Vaping can cause nicotine dependence in some young people who have never smoked. The evidence suggests, however, that this is a minority of cases, not, as the media often claim, “a new generation addicted to nicotine.” | |||
* What about the risks for young smokers who take up vaping? | |||
** Modelling studies suggest a net benefit from vaping to population health under all plausible scenarios. These models take into account harms from vaping (uptake by never-smoking youth and adults, the potential to increase smoking, inhibit smoking cessation and promote relapse) and benefits (cessation of smoking and diversion of those who would have otherwise taken up smoking). | |||
* Policy measures to reduce youth vaping | |||
** We need to recognize that overly restrictive policies intended to reduce youth vaping can have counterproductive results. | |||
* Mendelsohn CP, Hall W. Int J Drug Policy. 2023 May 30;117:104064. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104064. Online ahead of print. PMID: 37263111 (No abstract available) | |||
=== 2020: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/add.15099 Electronic cigarettes, nicotine use trends and use initiation ages among US adolescents from 1999 to 2018] === | |||
* Electronic cigarettes may have offset conventional smoking among US adolescents between 2010 and 2018 by maintaining the total nicotine use prevalence and diverting them from more harmful conventional smoking. Additionally, electronic cigarette users appear to initiate at older ages relative to conventional smokers, which is associated with lower risk. | |||
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