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Errors issued by Wikipedia's <code>&lt;ref></code> system, in which citation templates are typically embedded, can be found at [[Help:Cite errors]].
Errors issued by Wikipedia's <code>&lt;ref></code> system, in which citation templates are typically embedded, can be found at [[Help:Cite errors]].


==Controlling error message display==
== Controlling error message display ==
<section begin="show_error_messages_help_text" /><section begin="show_all_messages_help_text" />By default, {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} error messages are visible to all readers and maintenance category messages are hidden from all readers.
=== Preview messages ===
When editors preview an article, MediaWiki displays a preview message box under the Preview header.  When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates have error or maintenance messages, [[Module:Citation/CS1]] summarizes those messages in the preview message box.  Such a message box might look something like this:
<div style="margin-left:1.6em" class="mw-message-box-warning mw-message-box"><p>This is only a preview; your changes have not yet been saved! <span class="mw-continue-editing"> [[#editform|→ Go to editing area]]</span>
</p><p>Script warning: {{color|#3a3|One or more {{mono|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:cite book|cite book]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}} templates have maintenance messages}}; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).</p><p>Script warning: {{color|#d33|One or more {{mono|<nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Template:cite journal|cite journal]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki>}} templates have errors}}; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).</p></div>


To display maintenance messages, include the following text in your common [[Cascading Stylesheets|CSS]] page or your specific skin's CSS page ([[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css]] and [[Special:MyPage/skin.css|skin.css]] respectively):
The summary messages have three components:
#'Script warning:' – this prefix is provided by MediaWiki
#a colored ({{color|#3a3|green maintenance}} or {{color|#d33|red error}}) message that identifies the type of template that has a message with a link to that template's documentation; wrapper templates with messages will show the name of the wrapped template
#'messages may be hidden' – the message suffix with a help link to this page
Preview messages in the preview message box cannot be hidden.  The preview message suffix 'messages may be hidden' means that the template's message(s) may not be visible.  To learn how to show or hide template messages, see {{slink||Error and maintenance messages}}.
 
=== Error and maintenance messages ===
 
<section begin="show_error_messages_help_text" /><section begin="show_all_messages_help_text" />By default, {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} <span style="color:#d33">error messages</span> are visible to all readers and <span style="color:#3a3">maintenance messages</span> are hidden from all readers.
 
To display <span style="color:#3a3">maintenance messages</span> in the rendered article, include the following text in your common [[Cascading Stylesheets|CSS]] page ([[Special:MyPage/common.css|common.css]]) or your specific skin's CSS page and ([[Special:MyPage/skin.css|skin.css]]).
 
(Note to new editors: those CSS pages are specific to you, and control your view of pages, by adding to your user account's [[CSS]] code. If you have not yet created such a page, then clicking one of the <code>.css</code> links above will yield a page that starts "Wikipedia does not have a [[user page]] with this exact name." Click the "Start the User:''username''/''filename'' page" link, paste the text below, save the page, follow the instructions at the bottom of the new page on bypassing your browser's cache, and finally, in order to see the previously hidden maintenance messages, refresh the page you were editing earlier.)


<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.mw-parser-output span.cs1-maint {display: inline;} /* display Citation Style 1 maintenance messages */</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.mw-parser-output span.cs1-maint {display: inline;} /* display Citation Style 1 maintenance messages */</syntaxhighlight>


To display hidden-by-default error messages:
To display hidden-by-default <span style="color:#d33">error messages</span>:


<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.mw-parser-output span.cs1-hidden-error {display: inline;} /* display hidden Citation Style 1 error messages */</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.mw-parser-output span.cs1-hidden-error {display: inline;} /* display hidden Citation Style 1 error messages */</syntaxhighlight>
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Even with this CSS installed, older pages in Wikipedia's cache may not have been updated to show these error messages even though the page is listed in one of the tracking categories. A [[WP:NULLEDIT|null edit]] will resolve that issue.
Even with this CSS installed, older pages in Wikipedia's cache may not have been updated to show these error messages even though the page is listed in one of the tracking categories. A [[WP:NULLEDIT|null edit]] will resolve that issue.


To hide normally-displayed error messages:
To hide normally-displayed <span style="color:#d33">error messages</span>:
<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.mw-parser-output span.cs1-visible-error {display: none;} /* hide Citation Style 1 error messages */</syntaxhighlight>
<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.mw-parser-output span.cs1-visible-error {display: none;} /* hide Citation Style 1 error messages */</syntaxhighlight>


You can personalize the display of these messages (such as changing the color), but you will need to ask someone who knows CSS or at [[WP:VPT|the technical village pump]] if you do not understand how.<section end="show_all_messages_help_text" /><section end="show_error_messages_help_text" />
You can personalize the display of these messages (such as changing the color), but you will need to ask someone who knows CSS or at [[WP:VPT|the technical village pump]] if you do not understand how.
 
{{lang|la|Nota bene}}: these css rules are not obeyed by [[Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups|Navigation popups]]. They also do not hide script warning messages in the Preview box that begins with "This is only a preview; your changes have not yet been saved".<section end="show_all_messages_help_text" /><section end="show_error_messages_help_text" />
 
=== Properties category highlighting ===
 
<section begin="prop_cat_highlight_help_text" />
[[Module:Citation/CS1]] adds properties categories to some CS1|2 citations.  Unlike errors or maintenance needs, there is no message when a properties category is added.  Properties categories may be temporary or may be perpetual.  Editors can use CSS to add special styling to CS1|2 template renderings that will highlight a citation that added a properties category.  For example, this template uses a long volume name:
:<code><nowiki>{{cite book |title=Title |date=May–Jun 2021 |volume = 1: Long volume}}</nowiki></code>
::{{cite book |title=Title |date=May–Jun 2021 |volume = 1: Long volume}}
If you add this to your CSS that citation will render with a {{background|#FFC|pale yellow}} background:
:<syntaxhighlight lang="css">.cs1-prop-long-vol {background: #FFC;}</syntaxhighlight>
Add one or more of these (with appropriate styling) to your CSS to highlight template renderings when those templates add the associated properties category:
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source {}|}} – subcategories of {{cl|CS1 foreign language sources}}
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2 {}|}} – {{cl|CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)}}
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-jul-greg-uncertainty {}|}} – {{cl|CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty}}
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-location-test {}|}} – {{cl|CS1 location test‎}}
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-long-vol {}|}} – {{cl|CS1: long volume value}}
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-script {}|}} – subcategories of {{cl|CS1 uses foreign language script‎}}
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-tracked-param {}|}} – subcategories of {{cl|CS1 tracked parameters}}
::{{code|lang=css|.cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated {}|}} – {{cl|CS1: abbreviated year range‎}}
<section end="prop_cat_highlight_help_text" />


==Most common errors==
==Most common errors==
<!-- Items listed here with ~10k or more -->
<!-- Items listed here with ~10k or more -->
* [[#Cite &lt;template> requires %7C&lt;param>=]], ~57k pages
* [[#Cite &lt;template> requires %7C&lt;param>=]], ~54k pages
* [[#Citation without a title of any form]], ~39k pages
* [[#Citation without a title of any form]], ~33k pages
* [[#Bare URL without a title]], ~28k pages
* [[#Cite uses generic name]], ~28k pages
* [[#%7Cvolume= has extra text]], ~17k pages
* [[#Bare URL without a title]], ~23k pages
* [[#Check date values in: %7C&lt;param1>=, %7C&lt;param2>=, ...]], ~11k pages
* [[#External link in %7C&lt;param>=]], ~7k pages
* [[#External link in %7C&lt;param>=]], ~11k pages
* [[#Missing or empty %7Curl=]], ~8k pages
* [[#Check %7Curl= value]], ~7k pages
* [[#Cite uses generic title]], ~5k pages
* [[#%7Cformat= requires %7Curl=]], ~2k pages
* [[#%7Caccess-date= requires %7Curl=]], ~2k pages


{{See also|Category:CS1 errors|Category:CS1 maintenance}}
{{See also|Category:CS1 errors|Category:CS1 maintenance}}
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<section begin="chapter_ignored_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_chapter_ignored|$1=chapter}}
<section begin="chapter_ignored_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_chapter_ignored|$1=chapter}}


{{cs1}} templates {{tlx|cite web}}, {{tlx|cite news}}, {{tlx|cite journal}}, {{tlx|cite press release}}, {{tlx|cite podcast}}, {{tlx|cite newsgroup}}, as well as template {{tlx|citation}} when it uses {{para|work}} or any of its aliases, do not support {{para|chapter}} or the aliases {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|article}}, or {{para|section}}.
{{cs1}} templates {{tlx|cite web}}, {{tlx|cite news}}, {{tlx|cite journal}}, {{tlx|cite magazine}}, {{tlx|cite press release}}, {{tlx|cite podcast}}, {{tlx|cite newsgroup}}, as well as template {{tlx|citation}} when it uses {{para|work}} or any of its aliases, do not support {{para|chapter}} and its components {{para|trans-chapter}}, {{para|script-chapter}}, {{para|chapter-url}}, and {{para|chapter-format}}.  The alias parameters {{para|contribution}}, {{para|entry}}, {{para|article}}, {{para|section}}, and their components, are similarly not supported.


To resolve this error:
To resolve this error:
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* for {{tl|cite news}}, {{para|department}} can be used to give the name of the newspaper's section, such as "Obituaries", or
* for {{tl|cite news}}, {{para|department}} can be used to give the name of the newspaper's section, such as "Obituaries", or
* for {{tl|citation}}, remove {{para|work}} or its aliases such as {{para|website}} and place their content in {{para|title}} if appropriate
* for {{tl|citation}}, remove {{para|work}} or its aliases such as {{para|website}} and place their content in {{para|title}} if appropriate
* move the content of the {{para|chapter}} parameter out of the template, before the closing <nowiki></ref></nowiki>


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_chapter_ignored|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="chapter_ignored_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_chapter_ignored|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="chapter_ignored_help_text" />
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* [[replacement character]], U+FFFD
* [[replacement character]], U+FFFD
* [[hair space]], U+200A
* [[hair space]], U+200A
* [[zero width space]], U+200B
* [[zero-width space]], U+200B
* [[zero width joiner]], U+200D
* [[zero-width joiner]], U+200D (note that these are permitted as part of emoji modifiers; see note below)
* [[horizontal tab]], U+0009 (HT)
* [[horizontal tab]], U+0009 (HT)
* [[line feed]], U+0010 (LF)
* [[line feed]], U+0010 (LF)
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Because these characters are mostly invisible, the error message identifies the character's position in the parameter value counted from the left. Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are not counted. If you move through the citation with the arrow keys then the cursor may stand still once at an invisible character, which can be removed with {{keypress|Delete}} or {{keypress|Backspace}}. If you copy-paste a string to the "Characters" field at https://r12a.github.io/app-conversion/ and click "View in UniView" then the position and name of all characters is shown.
Because these characters are mostly invisible, the error message identifies the character's position in the parameter value counted from the left. Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are not counted. If you move through the citation with the arrow keys then the cursor may stand still once at an invisible character, which can be removed with {{keypress|Delete}} or {{keypress|Backspace}}. If you copy-paste a string to the "Characters" field at https://r12a.github.io/app-conversion/ and click "View in UniView" then the position and name of all characters is shown.
[[Zero-width joiner]] characters (U+200D) are used as a valid part of emoji modification (for example, adding a skull emoji to a flag emoji to create a pirate flag emoji). When new modifiers are added to the emoji character set, which happens one or two times per year, those modifiers need to be added to the Citation Style 1 "Configuration" module. Editors can request this addition at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]].


{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_invisible_char|$1=&lt;name> stripmarker|$2=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param>=</code>|$3={{var|n}}}}
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_invisible_char|$1=&lt;name> stripmarker|$2=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param>=</code>|$3={{var|n}}}}


[[Help:Strip markers|Strip markers]] are special sequences of characters that [[MediaWiki]] inserts as a place-holder for certain [[xml]]-like tags.  These tags include {{tag|gallery}}, {{tag|math}}, {{tag|nowiki}}, {{tag|pre}}, and {{tag|ref}}.  The strip markers are replaced with content before the final page rendering.  The module ignores math and nowiki strip markers.
[[Help:Strip markers|Strip markers]] are special sequences of characters that [[MediaWiki]] inserts as a place-holder for certain [[XML]]-like tags.  These tags include {{tag|gallery}}, {{tag|math}}, {{tag|nowiki}}, {{tag|pre}}, and {{tag|ref}}.  The strip markers are replaced with content before the final page rendering.  The module ignores math and nowiki strip markers.


To resolve strip marker errors, remove or replace the identified tag.  The error message identifies the strip marker's position in the parameter value counted from the left.  Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are not counted when calculating the position.
To resolve strip marker errors, remove or replace the identified tag.  The error message identifies the strip marker's position in the parameter value counted from the left.  Space characters between the assignment operator (the '=' sign) and the parameter value are not counted when calculating the position.


Strip marker errors can also be caused by unsupported additional text or templates in parameter values{{mdash}}for example, {{tl|ISBN}} in {{para|title}}. Resolve the problem by moving the extraneous text outside of the citation template, or by removing the extraneous text or template markup, as appropriate.
Strip marker errors can also be caused by unsupported additional text or templates in parameter values{{mdash}}for example, {{tl|ISBN}} in {{para|title}}. Resolve the problem by moving the extraneous text outside the citation template, or by removing the extraneous text or template markup, as appropriate.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_invisible_char|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="invisible_char_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_invisible_char|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="invisible_char_help_text" />
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To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para|asin}} value is correct.
To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para|asin}} value is correct.


If the {{para|asin}} value is correct and all-numeric, use {{para|isbn}} instead and delete any {{para|asin-tld}} parameters.  Articles with CS1 citations that use {{para|asin}} with all numeric values are categorized in {{cl|CS1 maint: ASIN uses ISBN}}.
If the {{para|asin}} value is correct and all-numeric, use {{para|isbn}} instead and delete any {{para|asin-tld}} parameters.   


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_asin|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_asin_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_bad_asin|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="bad_asin_help_text" />
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==<span id="bad_date">Check date values in: |&lt;param1>=, |&lt;param2>=, ...</span>==
==<span id="bad_date">Check date values in: |&lt;param1>=, |&lt;param2>=, ...</span>==
<section begin="bad_date_help_text" />{{help desk}}
<section begin="bad_date_help_text" />{{help desk}}
<div class="plainlist">
{{plainlist}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_date|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param1>=</code>, <code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param2>=</code>, ...}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_date|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param1>=</code>, <code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}&lt;param2>=</code>, ...}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_date|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}year=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}date=</code> mismatch}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_date|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}year=</code> / <code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}date=</code> mismatch}}
</div>
{{endplainlist}}


When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates contain date-holding parameters, an automated test is done to see if the dates are real dates that comply with a [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Date_compliance_with_Wikipedia's_Manual_of_Style|subset of the date rules]] in  Wikipedia's Manual of Style, specifically checking for violations of [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Dates and years|MOS:DATEFORMAT]].
When {{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates contain date-holding parameters, an automated test is done to see if the dates are real dates that comply with a [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Date_compliance_with_Wikipedia's_Manual_of_Style|subset of the date rules]] in  Wikipedia's Manual of Style, specifically checking for violations of [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Dates and years|MOS:DATEFORMAT]].
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* years before 100 AD, including BCE/BC dates. Try using parameter {{para|orig-date}} instead.  
* years before 100 AD, including BCE/BC dates. Try using parameter {{para|orig-date}} instead.  


See [[Help:Citation_Style_1#CS1_compliance_with_Wikipedia.27s_Manual_of_Style|Help: Citation Style 1]] for information about limitations in the CS1 citation templates' handling of date formats. [[WP:DATERANGE|The MOS section on date ranges]] describes how to separate dates in a date range. Do not use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>, <code>&amp;ndash;</code>, or {{tlx|spaced ndash}} as these corrupt the metadata. To add an en dash, use the [[Help:CharInsert#Insert|CharInsert]] edit tool or see [[Wikipedia:How to make dashes]]. You may also use this one: &ndash;. A bot is often able to correct the separator, provided the overall format is unambiguous.
See [[Help:Citation_Style_1#CS1_compliance_with_Wikipedia.27s_Manual_of_Style|Help: Citation Style 1]] for information about limitations in the CS1 citation templates' handling of date formats. [[WP:DATERANGE|The MOS section on date ranges]] describes how to separate dates in a date range. Do not use <code>&amp;nbsp;</code>, <code>&amp;ndash;</code>, or {{tlx|spaced ndash}} as these corrupt the metadata. To add an en dash, use the [[Help:CharInsert#Insert|CharInsert]] edit tool or see [[Wikipedia:How to make dashes]]. You may also copy and paste this one: &ndash;. A bot is often able to correct the separator, provided the overall format is unambiguous.


Future dates in {{para|date}} in CS1|2 citations are limited to current year + 1; that is, for {{#time:Y}}, citation dates in {{#time:Y|now +1 year}} are acceptable but citation dates in {{#time:Y|now +2 year}} and beyond are not.
Future dates in {{para|date}} in CS1|2 citations are limited to current year + 1; that is, for {{#time:Y}}, citation dates in {{#time:Y|now +1 year}} are acceptable but citation dates in {{#time:Y|now +2 year}} and beyond are not.
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| Ambiguous date range or year and month || {{para|plain=y|date|2002-{{red|03}}}} || {{plainlist|
| Ambiguous date range or year and month || {{para|plain=y|date|2002-{{red|03}}}} || {{plainlist|
* {{para|plain=y|date|2002–{{green|20}}03}}
* {{para|plain=y|date|2002–{{green|20}}03}}
* {{para|plain=y|date|2002-03{{green|-XX}}}} ([[Extended Date Time Format|EDTF]] / ISO 8601:2019)
* {{para|plain=y|date|{{green|March}} 2002}}}}
* {{para|plain=y|date|{{green|March}} 2002}}}}
|-
|-
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==<span id="bad_issn">Check |issn= value</span>==
==<span id="bad_issn">Check |issn= value</span>==
<section begin="bad_issn_help_text" />{{help desk}}
<section begin="bad_issn_help_text" />{{help desk}}
<div class="plainlist">
{{plainlist}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_issn|$1=_}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_issn|$1=_}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_issn|$1=e}}
*{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_issn|$1=e}}
</div>
{{endplainlist}}


{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates that contain {{para|issn}} and/or {{para|eissn}} are checked to ensure that the [[ISSN]] is the proper length (eight digits) and that the final [[check digit]] validates according to the ISSN specification. Only one each of ISSN and eISSN is allowed in this field because the whole {{para|issn}} and {{para|eissn}} values are included in the citation's [[COinS]] [[metadata]]. See also [[Wikipedia:COinS]]. (If relevant, they can be specified using {{para|id|{{tlp|ISSN|...}} {{tlp|EISSN|...}}}} instead.)
{{cs1}} and {{cs2}} templates that contain {{para|issn}} and/or {{para|eissn}} are checked to ensure that the [[ISSN]] is the proper length (eight digits) and that the final [[check digit]] validates according to the ISSN specification. Only one each of ISSN and eISSN is allowed in this field because the whole {{para|issn}} and {{para|eissn}} values are included in the citation's [[COinS]] [[metadata]]. See also [[Wikipedia:COinS]]. (If relevant, they can be specified using {{para|id|{{tlp|ISSN|...}} {{tlp|EISSN|...}}}} instead.)
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The ISSN and eISSN are always rendered as two four-digit numbers separated with a hyphen.
The ISSN and eISSN are always rendered as two four-digit numbers separated with a hyphen.


To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para|issn}} and {{para|eissn}} values are correct, that only one value per parameter is used, and that no other text is included (allowable characters are 0–9, X, and -). If the check-digit is a lowercase 'x', change it to an uppercase 'X'.
To resolve this error, ensure that the {{para|issn}} and {{para|eissn}} values are correct, that only one value per parameter is used, and that no other text is included (allowable characters are 0–9, X, and -). If the check-digit is a lowercase 'x', change it to an uppercase 'X'. It may also be worth checking an actual [[hyphen]] (-) has been used, and not a hyphen-like character like an [[endash]] (–).


In very rare cases, publishers have released works with a malformed identifier. If you are certain that a non-conforming identifier truly corresponds to the published work, then you can add [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|accept-this-as-written markup]] around the identifier to suppress the error message. In some cases, works may have been reissued with a corrected identifier. Use the corrected one when possible.
In very rare cases, publishers have released works with a malformed identifier. If you are certain that a non-conforming identifier truly corresponds to the published work, then you can add [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|accept-this-as-written markup]] around the identifier to suppress the error message. In some cases, works may have been reissued with a corrected identifier. Use the corrected one when possible.
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==<span id="bad_paramlink">Check |&lt;param>-link= value</span>==
==<span id="bad_paramlink">Check |&lt;param>-link= value</span>==
<section begin="bad_paramlink_help_text" />{{help desk}}
<section begin="bad_paramlink_help_text" />{{help desk}}
<div class="plainlist">
{{plainlist}}
* {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_paramlink|$1=<code class="cs1-code">&lt;param>-link</code>}}
* {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_paramlink|$1=<code class="cs1-code">&lt;param>-link</code>}}
* {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_paramlink|$1=<code class="cs1-code">&lt;param></code>}}
* {{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_paramlink|$1=<code class="cs1-code">&lt;param></code>}}
</div>
{{endplainlist}}


These link-holding parameters and their matching title-holding parameters are combined to create a working [[wikilink]] to a related article.
These link-holding parameters and their matching title-/name-holding parameters are combined to create a working [[wikilink]] to a related article.
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
{| class="wikitable"
* {{para|author-link}}
|+Parameters combined to make wikilinks
* {{para|contributor-link}}
!Link-holding parameter !! title-/name-holding parameter(s)
* {{para|editor-link}}
|-
* {{para|episode-link}}
| {{para|author-link}}{{dagger}} || {{para|author}}, {{para|last}}, {{para|last}} + {{para|first}}
* {{para|interviewer-link}}
|-
* {{para|series-link}}
| {{para|contributor-link}}{{dagger}} || {{para|contributor}}, {{para|contributor-last}}, {{para|contributor-last}} + {{para|contributor-first}}
* {{para|subject-link}}
|-
* {{para|title-link}}
| {{para|editor-link}}{{dagger}} || {{para|editor}}, {{para|editor-last}}, {{para|editor-last}} + {{para|editor-first}}
* {{para|translator-link}}
|-
* {{para|author}}
| {{para|episode-link}} || {{para|episode}}
* {{para|contributor}}
|-
* {{para|editor}}
| {{para|interviewer-link}}{{dagger}} || {{para|interviewer}}, {{para|interviewer-last}}, {{para|interviewer-last}} + {{para|interviewer-first}}
* {{para|episode}}
|-
* {{para|interviewer}}
| {{para|series-link}} || {{para|series}}
* {{para|series}}
|-
* {{para|subject}}
| {{para|subject-link}}{{dagger}} || {{para|subject}}
* {{para|title}}
|-
* {{para|translator}}
| {{para|title-link}} || {{para|title}}
{{div col end}}
|-
 
| {{para|translator-link}}{{dagger}} || {{para|translator}}, {{para|translator-last}}, {{para|translator-last}} + {{para|translator-first}}
(Parameters checked for this error may also be of the form {{para|author-link{{var|n}}}} or {{para|author{{var|n}}-link}}.)
|-
|colspan="2"|{{dagger}} Parameters checked for this error may also have the enumerated forms: {{para|author-link{{var|n}}}} or {{para|author{{var|n}}-link}} etc.
|}


This error occurs when any of these {{para|&lt;param>-link}} parameters contain a wikilink or a URL, or they contain any of the characters not permitted in Wikipedia article titles per [[WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS]] (except <code>_</code> (underscore), used as a replacement for spaces, and <code>#</code>, used as a [[fragment identifier]] when linking to article sections).  The prohibited characters are: <code>&lt; > [ ] | { }</code>.
This error occurs when any of these {{para|&lt;param>-link}} parameters contain a wikilink or a URL, or they contain any of the characters not permitted in Wikipedia article titles per [[WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS]] (except <code>_</code> (underscore), used as a replacement for spaces, and <code>#</code>, used as a [[fragment identifier]] when linking to article sections).  The prohibited characters are: <code>&lt; > [ ] | { }</code>.
Line 585: Line 619:
: <code><nowiki>[[:fr:Période d'exil de Caravage]]</nowiki></code>
: <code><nowiki>[[:fr:Période d'exil de Caravage]]</nowiki></code>


This error can also be caused when there is a {{para|&lt;param>-link}} value and the matching {{para|&lt;param>}} parameter contains a wikilink.<!--formatting template such as {{tl|smallcaps}} or {{tl|IAST}}, which should not be used in CS1 or CS2 templates.-->
This error can also be caused when:
* there is a {{para|&lt;param>-link}} value and the matching {{para|&lt;param>}} parameter contains a wikilink.<!--formatting template such as {{tl|smallcaps}} or {{tl|IAST}}, which should not be used in CS1 or CS2 templates.-->
* {{para|first}} and {{para|&lt;param>-first}} (and enumerated forms) contain a wikilink


To resolve this error, do one of the following:
To resolve this error, do one of the following:
Line 695: Line 731:
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_url|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}archive-url=</code>}}
{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_bad_url|$1=<code class="cs1-code">{{pipe}}archive-url=</code>}}


The cs1|2 templates expect that {{para|archive-url}} will hold a unique url for an archived snapshot of the source identified by {{para|url}} or {{para|chapter-url}} (or any of its aliases).  This error message is emitted when the value assigned to {{para|archive-url}} is the same as the matching title or chapter url.   
The cs1|2 templates expect that {{para|archive-url}} will hold a unique URL for an archived snapshot of the source identified by {{para|url}} or {{para|chapter-url}} (or any of its aliases).  This error message is emitted when the value assigned to {{para|archive-url}} is the same as the matching title or chapter URL.   


To resolve this error, ensure that {{para|url}} and other URL parameters contain valid URLs.  Online tools are available to [[Internationalized domain name|internationalize]] URLs that are written in non-Latin scripts:
To resolve this error, ensure that {{para|url}} and other URL parameters contain valid URLs.  Online tools are available to [[Internationalized domain name|internationalize]] URLs that are written in non-Latin scripts:
Line 758: Line 794:
{|class="wikitable"  
{|class="wikitable"  
|+ Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters
|+ Deprecated CS1/CS2 parameters
! Deprecated parameter
! style="width: 12em;" | Deprecated parameter
! Replace with
! Replace with
! style="width: 110px;" | Date
! style="width: 6em;" | Date
|-
| {{para|lay-date}}<!-- none deprecated at present -->|| rowspan="4" | if the source named by these parameters is important to the Wikipedia article, create a cs1|2 template for that source with all of the appropriate bibliographic information<!-- --> || rowspan="4" |2021-01-03
|-
| {{para|lay-format}}
|-
| {{para|lay-source}}
|-
| {{para|lay-url}}
|-
|-
| none deprecated at present
| {{para|transcripturl}} || {{para|transcript-url}} || 2022-01-22
| <!-- -->
|}<section end="deprecated_params_table" /><section end="deprecated_params_help_text" /><section begin="deleted_params_table" />
 
|}<section end="deprecated_params_table" /><section begin="deleted_params_table" />
<!-- Support for the following parameter aliases was recently removed. Usage in mainspace should be about zero, and hints for them added to the suggestion list. However, as they may occasionally pop up again through copy&paste or usage of old scripts for some while, list them here as well for users coming here searching for help. -->
<!-- Support for the following parameter aliases was recently removed. Usage in mainspace should be about zero, and hints for them added to the suggestion list. However, as they may occasionally pop up again through copy&paste or usage of old scripts for some while, list them here as well for users coming here searching for help. -->
{|class="wikitable"
{|class="wikitable"
|+ Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters
|+ Recently removed CS1/CS2 parameters
! Removed parameter !! Replace with !! Date
! style="width: 12em;" | Removed parameter !! Replace with !! style="width: 6em;" | Date
<!-- |-
<!-- |-
| none removed at present
| none removed at present
Line 1,071: Line 1,113:
|-
|-
| {{para|seriesno}}
| {{para|seriesno}}
| {{para|series-number}}
| {{para|series-no}}
| April 2021
| April 2021
|-
|-
Line 1,106: Line 1,148:
| April 2021
| April 2021
|-
|-
| {{para|transcripturl}}
| <s>{{para|transcripturl}}</s>
| {{para|transcript-url}}
| <s>{{para|transcript-url}}</s> restored January 2022 as deprecated
| May 2021
| <s>May 2021</s>
|}<section end="deleted_params_table" /><section end="deprecated_params_help_text" />
|}<section end="deleted_params_table" />
 
==<span id="generic_name">Cite uses generic name</span>==
<section begin="generic_name_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_generic_name|$1=&lt;param>}}
 
Articles are listed in this category when [[Module:Citation/CS1]] identifies template author or editor name parameters that use place-holder names.  Such names may have been provided by bots or other tools that are unable to identify the source's correct names.  Pages in this category should only be added by Module:Citation/CS1.
 
CS1|2 maintains a short list of 'names' that are typically not the correct names for the cited source.  Some examples are:
{{div col begin |colwidth=15em}}
*<code>about us</code>
*<code>author</code>
*<code>collaborator</code>
*<code>contributor</code>
*<code>contact us</code>
*<code>directory</code>
*<code>editor</code>
*<code>email</code>
*<code>facebook</code>
*<code>google</code>
*<code>home page</code>
*<code>instagram</code>
*<code>interviewer</code>
*<code>linkedIn</code>
*<code>pinterest</code>
*<code>policy</code>
*<code>privacy</code>
*<code>translator</code>
*<code>tumblr</code>
*<code>twitter</code>
*<code>site name</code>
*<code>statement</code>
*<code>submitted</code>
*<code>super user</code>
*<code>user</code>
*<code>verfasser</code>
{{div col end}}
If you are aware of other common place-holder names, please report them at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]], so that they can be added to the list.
 
To resolve this error, replace the place-holder name with the source's actual author or editor name, or use a more appropriate parameter.
 
Example fixes:
* Replace {{para|author|Smith, Jane, editor}} with {{para|editor|Smith, Jane}}
* Replace <code><nowiki>|author=[[Jane Smith (author)|Jane Smith]]</nowiki></code> with <code><nowiki>|first=Jane |last=Smith |author-link=Jane Smith (author)</nowiki></code> (preferably) or <code><nowiki>|author=Jane Smith |author-link=Jane Smith (author)</nowiki></code>
 
False positives are possible. When the name is valid, wrap the parameter value in the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|accept-this-as-written markup]]:
:{{para|author|((Super User))}}
Please do not use this markup when it is not appropriate.
 
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_generic_name|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" />
 
See also the error category [[:Category:CS1 errors: generic title]].<section end="generic_name_help_text" />


==<span id="generic_title">Cite uses generic title</span>==
==<span id="generic_title">Cite uses generic title</span>==
Line 1,117: Line 1,209:


CS1|2 maintains a short list of 'titles' that are typically not the title of the cited source.  Some examples are:
CS1|2 maintains a short list of 'titles' that are typically not the title of the cited source.  Some examples are:
* Wayback machine
{{div col begin |colwidth=15em}}
* This website is for sale
*<code>404</code>
* Are you a robot?
*<code>are you a robot</code>
 
*<code>hugedomains.com</code>
*<code>internet archive wayback machine</code>
*<code>log into facebook</code>
*<code>login • instagram</code>
*<code>no title</code> – various forms
*<code>page not found</code>
*<code>redirecting...</code>
*<code>subscribe to read</code>
*<code>unknown</code> – various forms
*<code>usurped title</code>
*<code>wayback machine</code>
*<code>webcite query result</code>
*<code>website is for sale</code>
*<code>wikiwix's cache</code>
{{div col end}}
If you are aware of other common place-holder titles, please report them at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]], so that they can be added to the list.
If you are aware of other common place-holder titles, please report them at [[Help talk:Citation Style 1]], so that they can be added to the list.


To resolve this error, replace the place-holder title with the source's actual title.
To resolve this error, replace the place-holder title with the source's actual title.
False positives are possible. When the name is valid, wrap the parameter value in the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup|accept-this-as-written markup]]:
:{{para|title|((404th Fighter Aviation Regiment))}}
Please do not use this markup when it is not appropriate.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_generic_title|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_generic_title|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" />


See also the maintenance category [[:Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title]].<section end="generic_title_help_text" />
See also the maintenance category [[:Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title]] and the similar error category [[:Category:CS1 errors: generic name]].<section end="generic_title_help_text" />


==<span id="citeseerx_missing">|citeseerx= required</span>==  
==<span id="citeseerx_missing">|citeseerx= required</span>==  
Line 1,221: Line 1,331:
<section begin="param_has_ext_link_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_has_ext_link|$1={{pipe}}&lt;param>=}}
<section begin="param_has_ext_link_help_text" />{{help desk}}{{#invoke:Cs1 documentation support|help_text_error_messages|err_param_has_ext_link|$1={{pipe}}&lt;param>=}}


This error occurs when any of the [[Help:Citation Style 1|CS1]] or [[Help:Citation Style 2|CS2 citation]] title-holding parameters – {{para|title}}, {{para|chapter}}, {{para|publisher}}, {{para|work}} or any of its aliases: {{para|journal}}, {{para|magazine}}, {{para|newspaper}}, {{para|periodical}} and {{para|website}} – hold an external link (URL). External links in these parameters corrupt the citation's metadata and can be the source of a variety of other error messages.
This error occurs when a URL is found in any parameter that is not one of these URL-holding parameters:
 
{{div col begin}}
*{{para|archive-url}}
*{{para|article-url}}
*{{para|chapter-url}}
*{{para|conference-url}}
*{{para|contribution-url}}
*{{para|entry-url}}
*{{para|{{xtd|lay-url}}}} – deprecated
*{{para|map-url}}
*{{para|section-url}}
*{{para|transcript-url}}
*{{para|url}}
{{div col end}}
or any of these insource locator parameters:
{{div col begin}}
*{{para|page}}
*{{para|p}}
*{{para|pages}}
*{{para|pp}}
*{{para|at}}
*{{para|quote-page}}
*{{para|quote-pages}}
{{div col end}}
To resolve this error, remove the external link from the identified parameter.  Consider placing the external link in a more appropriate parameter:
To resolve this error, remove the external link from the identified parameter.  Consider placing the external link in a more appropriate parameter:
* for {{para|chapter}}, the URL may belong in {{para|chapter-url}}.
* for {{para|chapter}}, the URL may belong in {{para|chapter-url}}.
Line 1,262: Line 1,394:


To resolve this error, do one of the following:
To resolve this error, do one of the following:
* Remove the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter from the citation (because "et al." is not appropriate in the citation)
* Remove the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter from the citation (typically because "et al." is not appropriate in the citation)
* Change the <code>&lt;value></code> of the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter such that it is less than the number of <code>&lt;names></code> in the name-list (thereby truncating the displayed list to the number)
* Change the <code>&lt;value></code> of the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter such that it is less than the number of <code>&lt;names></code> in the name-list (thereby truncating the displayed list to the number)
* Change the <code>&lt;value></code> of the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter to <code>etal</code>, which will cause "et al" to display after the last <code>&lt;name></code>.
* Change the <code>&lt;value></code> of the {{para|display-&lt;names>}} parameter to <code>etal</code>, which will cause "et al" to display after the last <code>&lt;name></code>.
Line 1,289: Line 1,421:
| {{para|no-tracking}}
| {{para|no-tracking}}
|-
|-
| {{para|bibcode-access}}||rowspan=7|<code>free</code>
| {{para|bibcode-access}}||rowspan=8|<code>free</code>
|-
|-
| {{para|doi-access}}
| {{para|doi-access}}
Line 1,300: Line 1,432:
|-
|-
| {{para|osti-access}}
| {{para|osti-access}}
|-
| {{para|ssrn-access}}
|-
|-
| {{para|s2cid-access}}
| {{para|s2cid-access}}
Line 1,317: Line 1,451:
| {{para|section-url-access}}
| {{para|section-url-access}}
|-
|-
| {{para|url-status}}||<code>dead</code>, <code>live</code>, <code>unfit</code>, <code>usurped</code>
| {{para|url-status}}||<code>dead</code>, <code>live</code>, <code>deviated</code>, <code>unfit</code>, <code>usurped</code>
|}
|}


To resolve this error, use an appropriate value.
To resolve this error for the parameters in the table, use an appropriate value.
 
Support for {{para|ref|harv}} is withdrawn because cs1|2 templates now automatically create the <code>CITEREF</code> anchor value that {{para|ref|harv}} controlled.  To resolve this error, remove {{para|ref|harv}}.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_invalid_param_val|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="invalid_param_val_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_invalid_param_val|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="invalid_param_val_help_text" />
Line 1,345: Line 1,481:
The templates emit this error message when various forms of issue or number prefixes (like <code>Iss.</code> or <code>No.</code>) are found in the value assigned to {{para|issue}} or {{para|number}}.
The templates emit this error message when various forms of issue or number prefixes (like <code>Iss.</code> or <code>No.</code>) are found in the value assigned to {{para|issue}} or {{para|number}}.


To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value. If the extraneous text removed is related to issues, please use the {{para|issue}} parameter rather then {{para|number}} for this, and vice versa. At present, the output is the same for both parameters, but this may not hold true in future versions, therefore it is important that issues and number values are used with the proper parameter as per what nomenclature is used in the actual publication.
To resolve this error, remove the extraneous text from the parameter value. If the extraneous text removed is related to issues, please use the {{para|issue}} parameter rather than {{para|number}} for this, and vice versa. At present, the output is the same for both parameters, but this may not hold true in future versions, therefore it is important that issues and number values are used with the proper parameter as per what nomenclature is used in the actual publication.


Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_extra_text_issue|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="extra_text_issue_help_text" />
Pages with this error are automatically placed in {{#invoke:cs1 documentation support|help_text_cats|err_extra_text_issue|pages=yes}}.<ref group="lower-alpha" name="categories" /><section end="extra_text_issue_help_text" />
Line 1,442: Line 1,578:


{{tlx|cite episode}} will show this error if {{para|series}} is omitted or left blank (even if a {{para|title}} is provided).
{{tlx|cite episode}} will show this error if {{para|series}} is omitted or left blank (even if a {{para|title}} is provided).
{{tlx|cite encyclopedia}} will show this error if {{para|encyclopedia}} has a value but {{para|entry}} (or another {{para|chapter}} alias) is omitted or left blank.


Sometimes this error occurs because an editor has used a CS1|2 citation as a [[Help:Shortened footnotes|shortened footnote]] when {{tlx|sfn}} or one of the {{tlx|harv}} family of templates would have been more appropriate. This error also occurs when an editor used {{tlx|citation}} but intended to use {{tlx|citation needed}}.
Sometimes this error occurs because an editor has used a CS1|2 citation as a [[Help:Shortened footnotes|shortened footnote]] when {{tlx|sfn}} or one of the {{tlx|harv}} family of templates would have been more appropriate. This error also occurs when an editor used {{tlx|citation}} but intended to use {{tlx|citation needed}}.
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