Help:Citation Style 1: Difference between revisions

{{short description|Internal citation help page}}

{| class="wikitable" style="max-width:715px"

| {{Yes}} || Indicates that the corresponding tool or gadget can generate the template anytime user wishes. However, this does not mean that the tool or gadget fully supports all parameters or provides an interface for them. In fact, none of the mentioned items do so.

| {{Partial|Sometimes}} || Indicates that the corresponding tool or gadget may or may not generate the corresponding template. For more information, see associated footnote.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|+ General use CS1 templates

! Template !! Use !! [[Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library/Citoid|Citoid]] !! [[WP:Citation expander|Citation expander]] !![[WP:RefToolbar/2.0|RefToolbar 2.0]] !! [[Wikipedia:ProveIt|ProveIt]] || [[User:Odie5533/SnipManager|SnipManager]]  

| {{tl|Cite arXiv}} || [[arXiv]] preprints || || ||  || ||  

| {{tl|Cite AV media}} || audio and visual sources || || ||  || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}  

| {{tl|Cite AV media notes}} || liner notes from albums, DVDs, CDs and similar audio-visual media || || ||  || ||  

| {{tl|Cite book}} || books || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}  

| {{tl|Cite conference}} || conference papers || || ||  || {{Yes}} ||  

| {{tl|Cite encyclopedia}} || edited collections || || ||  || {{Yes}} ||  

| {{tl|Cite episode}} || television or radio programs and episodes || || ||  || {{Yes}} ||  

| {{tl|Cite interview}} || interviews || || ||  || ||  

| {{tl|Cite journal}} || academic and scientific papers and journals || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}  

| {{tl|Cite magazine}} || magazines and newsletters || || ||  || {{Yes}} ||  

| {{tl|Cite mailing list}} || archived public mailing lists || || ||  || ||  

| {{tl|Cite map}} || maps || || ||  || ||  

| {{tl|Cite news}} || news articles in print, video, audio or web || {{Yes}} || {{Partial|Sometimes}}<br />{{Elucidate}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}  

| {{tl|Cite newsgroup}} || online newsgroups || || ||  || ||  

| {{tl|Cite podcast}} || audio or video [[podcast]] || || ||  || ||  

| {{tl|Cite press release}} || press releases || || ||  || {{Yes}} ||  

| {{tl|Cite report}} || unpublished reports by government departments, instrumentalities, operated companies, etc. || || ||  || {{Yes}} ||   

| {{tl|Cite serial}} || audio or video serials || || ||  || ||   

| {{tl|Cite sign}} || signs, plaques and other visual sources || || ||  || {{Yes}} ||  

| {{tl|Cite speech}} || speeches || || ||  || ||  

| {{tl|Cite techreport}} || technical reports || || ||  || ||  

| {{tl|Cite thesis}} || theses || || ||  || {{Yes}} ||  

| {{tl|Cite web}} || web sources not characterized by another template || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}} || {{Yes}}  

:{{Cite journal |last=Author |date=n.d. |title=Title |work=Work |publisher=Publisher |id=Identifiers |no-tracking=yes}}

If a cited author is notable and the author has a Wikipedia article, the author's name can be linked with {{para|author-link}}.<ref group="Note" name="NB_Prefix">If the English Wikipedia does not have an article about the author, but an article is available in another language entity of Wikipedia or if a [[Wikidata]] node for this author exists already, you can prefix the link using that Wikipedia's [[Help:Interlanguage links|language prefix]] (similar to <code>:en:</code> for the English Wikipedia) in order to create an [[interwiki link]]. The [[Help:Interwiki linking#Prefix codes for linking to Wikimedia sister projects|prefix]] for Wikidata nodes is <code>:d:</code> (or <code>:wikidata:</code>) to be followed by the Q''&lt;id>'' number of the corresponding entry. (<!-- Put in brackets because this seldomly applies to authors: -->Similar, [[Wikisource]] uses <code>:s:</code> (or <code>:wikisource:</code>), [[Wiktionary]] <code>:wikt:</code> (or <code>:wiktionary:</code>) and [[Wikimedia Commons|Commons]] <code>:c:</code> (or <code>:commons:</code>), followed by the corresponding article name.) Alternatively, if a suitable [[:m:Interwiki map|custom interwiki prefix]] is defined for another authority control repository, this can be used as well. For example, to link to an author's [[VIAF]] entry (with code <code>''&lt;id>''</code>), <code>:VIAF:''&lt;id>''</code> can be used, even if this would resolve to an independent external site. In the absence of a local article such links can help to at least establish a connection to a particular author and, if an article gets created in the English Wikipedia as well in the future, these links can be fixed up by bots to point to the local article instead.</ref> If a citation includes multiple notable authors, one may use {{para|author-link{{var|n}}}} or {{para|author{{var|n}}-link}}, etc. This method is used because the {{para|last}}- and {{para|first}}-type parameters do not allow wikilinking. However, {{para|author-link}} cannot be used to link to an external website; the external link will not render correctly.<ref group="Note" name="NB_Prefix"/> Below is an example of a wikilinked author credit:

* '''orig-date''': Original publication date or year, for display (in square brackets) after the '''date''' (or '''year'''). For clarity, please supply specifics, for instance <code>|orig-date=first published 1859</code> or <code>|orig-date=composed 1904</code>. This parameter displays only if there is a value for '''date''' (or '''year''').

Acceptable date formats are shown in the "Acceptable date formats" table of the {{section link|Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Dates, months and years}}. Further points:

====Date compliance with Wikipedia's Manual of Style====

CS1 uses {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Dates, months, and years}} ([[MOS:DATEFORMAT]]) as the reference for all date format checking performed by [[Module:Citation/CS1]].  For various reasons, CS1 is not fully compliant with MOS:DATEFORMAT. This table indicates CS1 compliance with the listed sections of MOS:DATEFORMAT.

{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"

! Section !! Compliant !! Comment

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Acceptable date formats|Acceptable date formats table]]||yes||Exceptions: linked dates not supported;<br />sortable dates not supported ({{tlx|dts}} etc.);<br />proper name dates not supported with the exception of 'Easter YYYY' and 'Christmas YYYY';<br />shortened month names longer than three characters or with terminating periods not supported;<br />Quarterly dates supported in the form 'First Quarter 2020'

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Unacceptable date formats|Unacceptable date formats table]]||yes||

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Consistency|Consistency]]||yes^{{dagger}}||rowspan="3"|Article-level restrictions are beyond the scope of CS1<br />^{{dagger}}CS1/CS2 templates follow the format specified by the article's {{tlx|use dmy dates}} or {{tlx|use mdy dates}} templates; see [[#Auto-formatting citation template dates|Auto-formatting citation template dates]]

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Strong national ties to a topic|Strong national ties to a topic]]||no

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Retaining existing format|Retaining existing format]]||no

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Era style|Era style]]||no||Dates earlier than 100 not supported. Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#Say where you read it|does not]] treat ancient manuscripts as sources that can be cited directly; a specific, modern, published edition is what goes in the source citation. Thus, the date of the source actually consulted should be provided in {{para|date}}, and the date of the ancient source may be provided in {{para|orig-date}}; the format of the orig-date value is not checked for errors.

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Julian and Gregorian calendars|Julian and Gregorian calendars]]||limited||Julian prior to 1582; Gregorian from 1582; assumes Gregorian in the overlap period of 1582 – c. 1923

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Ranges|Ranges]]||yes||Exceptions: does not support the use of <code>&amp;ndash;</code> or <code>&amp;nbsp;</code><br />does not support dates prior to 100;<br />does not support solidus separator (/)<br />does not support " to " as a date separator<br />does not support YYYY–YY where the two-digit year is less than 13 (change to YYYY–YYYY to eliminate the error message)

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Uncertain, incomplete, or approximate dates|Uncertain, incomplete, or approximate dates]]||yes||Exceptions: does not support {{tlx|circa}} or {{tlx|floruit}};<br />does not support dates prior to 100;<br />Supports <code>c. </code> only with a single year value (no ranges or day/month combinations).

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Days of the week|Days of the week]]||no||

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Seasons|Seasons]]||limited||CS1 capitalizes seasons used as dates in citations, in line with external style guides

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Decades|Decades]]||no||

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Centuries and millennia|Centuries and millennia]]||no||

|[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers#Abbreviations for long periods of time|Abbreviations for long periods of time]]||no||

If dates are used with [[#Anchors|the {{!}}ref=harv parameter]], the year range is 100 to present without era indication (AD, BC, CE, BCE). In the case where the same author has written more than one work in the same year, a lower-case letter may be appended to the year in the date parameter ({{xt|{{!}}date&#61;July 4, 1997b}}) or the year parameter ({{xt|{{!}}year&#61;1997b}}).

[[Help:Citation Style 1|Citation Style 1]] and [[Help:Citation Style 2|2]] templates automatically render dates ({{para|date}}, {{para|access-date}}, {{para|archive-date}}, etc.) in the style specified by the article's {{tlx|use dmy dates}} or {{tlx|use mdy dates}} template. Because it is allowed by [[WP:MOSDATES]], the CS1/CS2 templates can automatically format dates in a variety of styles.  Editors may choose how CS1/CS2 templates render dates by the use of {{para|cs1-dates|&lt;{{var|keyword}}>}} in the article's {{tld|use xxx dates}} template.<section begin=auto_date_format_table />

!|Keyword !! Definition

|style="text-align: center;"|<code>l</code> || rowspan="2"|long-form publication and access- / archive-dates;<br />this is the default case when {{para|cs1-dates|plain=yes}} is omitted or empty

|style="text-align: center;"|<code>ll</code>

|style="text-align: center;"|<code>ls</code> || long-form publication dates; abbreviated access- / archive-dates

|style="text-align: center;"|<code>ly</code> || long-form publication dates; year-initial numeric access- / archive-dates (ymd)

|style="text-align: center;"|<code>s</code> || rowspan="2"| abbreviated publication and access- / archive-dates

|style="text-align: center;"|<code>ss</code>

|style="text-align: center;"|<code>sy</code> || abbreviated publication dates; year-initial numeric access- / archive-dates (ymd)

|style="text-align: center;"|<code>y</code> || rowspan="2"| year-initial numeric publication, access- and archive-dates (ymd);<br />cs1|2 cannot reformat Month YYYY, Season YYYY, date-ranges of any form, or [[Julian calendar]] dates into ymd format

|style="text-align: center;"|<code>yy</code>

|}<section end=auto_date_format_table />

* '''title''' The title of the cited source. Titles are displayed in italics, except for short works such as a {{txl|cite press release}} and cited articles in {{tlx|cite news}}, {{tlx|cite journal}}, {{tlx|cite magazine}}, {{tlx|cite web}}, {{tlx|cite conference}}, and {{tlx|cite podcast}}, where the title is shown in quotation marks. Use title case unless the cited source covers a scientific, legal or other technical topic and sentence case is the predominant style in journals on that topic. Use either [[MOS:CT|title case]] or sentence case consistently throughout the article. Do not omit a leading "The" from the title. Subtitles are typically separated from titles with ": " though " – " is also used. [[MOS:TM|As with trademarks]], Wikipedia {{em|does not}} attempt to emulate any stylistic flourishes used by the cited source's publisher, such as ALL-CAPS, all-lower-case, {{sm|Small Caps}}, etc.; use either standard title case or sentence case consistently. If the cited source is itself notable and has a Wikipedia article, the title can be wikilinked. Wikilinking the title will make it impossible to use the "url" parameter to link to an external copy of the cited source, so only do this when citing works that do not need to be externally linked. A link to the actual source is preferred to a link to a Wikipedia article about the source.

* '''script-title''': Languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet, Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc., should not be italicized and may also read [[right-to-left]] (rtl).  To include titles in these languages, use '''script-title'''. Titles in '''script-title''' are wrapped in special HTML markup to isolate rtl script from adjacent left-to-right text.  Part of that special markup is a language attribute that browsers can use to assist in the proper display of the script.  Editors must add a prefix to the script that will identify the language.  The prefix is one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#{{pipe}}script-&lt;param>{{=}} language codes|supported language codes]] followed by a colon: {{para|script-title|ar:<bdi>العربية</bdi>}}.  Unrecognized codes are ignored and will display in the rendered citation.

* '''chapter''' The title of the cited chapter from the source, written in full. Displayed in quotes before the title. For websites arranged in sections the "at" parameter serves a similar function: {{para|at|Featured News}}

* '''script-chapter''': Languages that do not use a Latin-based alphabet, Arabic, Chinese, Cyrillic, Greek, Hebrew, Japanese, Korean, etc., may possibly read [[right-to-left]] (rtl). To include chapter titles in these languages, use '''script-chapter'''. Chapter titles in '''script-chapter''' are wrapped in special HTML markup to isolate rtl script from adjacent left-to-right text.  Part of that special markup is a language attribute that browsers can use to assist in the proper display of the script.  Editors must add a prefix to the script that will identify the language.  The prefix is one of the [[Help:Citation_Style_1#{{pipe}}script-&lt;param>{{=}} language codes|supported language codes]] followed by a colon: {{para|script-chapter|ar:<bdi>العربية</bdi>}}.  Unrecognized codes are ignored and will display in the rendered citation. This field will be displayed following the transliterated title.

{| class="wikitable"

!Character

!Must be replaced with

|newline

|space

|[

|&amp;#91;

|]

|&amp;#93;

|<nowiki>|</nowiki>

|&amp;#124;

*:{{para|journal|<nowiki>[[Journal of Physics G]]</nowiki>}}{{para|publisher|<nowiki>[[IOP Publishing]]</nowiki>|!mxt=y}}

* '''location''' (alias {{para|publication-place}}): Geographical place of publication ({{em|not}} where you found your copy, nor location of material in the source). This is usually {{var|City, Country}}, or {{var|City, US State}}. The city name by itself can be used for world-recognized cities like New York, London (except in articles about [[London, Ontario|Canadian]] topics), Paris, Tokyo. Simply having a unique name does not mean it is globally recognizable; e.g., many people do not know where [[Mumbai]] is, especially if they are old enough that it was called [[Bombay]] for much of their lives. If in doubt, be more not less specific, since "Toronto, Canada" and "San Francisco, California" do not actually hurt anything. Be more specific when a {{var|City, Country}} would be ambiguous, e.g. {{para|location|Hanley, Staffordshire, UK}}, versus {{para|location|Hanley, Worcestershire, UK}}. Do not use sub-national postal abbreviations ("DE", "Wilts", etc.), per [[MOS:POSTABBR]]. The location parameter should be omitted when it is implied by the name of the work, e.g. ''The Sydney Morning Herald''. The location parameter should be used when the location is part of a common appellation of but not the actual title of a periodical. For example, the newspaper sometimes called the ''New York Daily News'' is actually [[Daily News (New York)|''Daily News'']] and can be entered with {{para|newspaper|Daily News}} {{para|location|New York}}, which yields: ''Daily News''. New York.  A similar example is ''[[The Times]]'' of London (contrast ''[[The New York Times]]''). Per [[WP:SAYWHEREYOUGOTIT]], provide the location of the edition you are using (e.g., if a publisher has operations in both New York and London and you have the London-published edition, use {{para|location|London}}, even if the publisher's corporate HQ is in New York). If your edition specifically gives multiple locations, this can be indicated with, e.g., {{para|location|New York / London}}. This same technique can be used for co-published works, e.g.: {{para|location|Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois / Los Angeles}}{{para|publisher|<nowiki>[[Council of Science Editors]]</nowiki> / <nowiki>[[Loyola Marymount University]]</nowiki> Press}}; just get them in corresponding order in both parameters. The templates do {{em|not}} have separate {{para|location1|!mxt=y}}, {{para|publisher1|!mxt=y}}, etc., parameters.  For historical publications that are still worth citing and still findable (e.g. via book digitizers – see the "via" parameter below), do not confuse the {{em|printer}} (printing press owner-operator) with the {{em|publisher}} (organization or person that sponsored the work); an edition may have a printer's name in larger type than the publisher, but for citation purposes we care about the publisher. If the distinction cannot be determined for certain in a particular case, list both. While some off-site publishers lean toward omitting publishing locations, they can serve more than purely bibliographical purposes on Wikipedia (e.g. an overabundance of material published in one place in an article about another place may reveal an editorial bias).

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; margin-left:1em"

|+CS1/CS2 template support for<br />{{pipe}}volume=, {{pipe}}issue=, {{pipe}}page(s)=

!Template !! {{pipe}}volume= !! {{pipe}}issue= !! {{pipe}}page(s)=

|{{tlx|citation}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite arXiv}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite AV media}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{no}}

|{{tlx|cite AV media notes}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite bioRxiv}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite book}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite citeseerx}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{plainlist|

| {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{plainlist|

| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite encyclopedia}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite episode}} || {{no}} || {{yes}} || {{no}}

|{{tlx|cite interview}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite journal}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite magazine}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite mailing list}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}

|{{plainlist|

| {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{plainlist|

| {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite news}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite newsgroup}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}

|{{tlx|cite podcast}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}

|{{tlx|cite press release}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite report}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite serial}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}

|{{tlx|cite sign}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}

|{{tlx|cite speech}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{no}}

|{{tlx|cite ssrn}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite techreport}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite thesis}} || {{yes}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

|{{tlx|cite web}} || {{no}} || {{no}} || {{yes}}

* '''page''': page in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text, for example {{para|page|52}} .

* {{anchor|csdoc_pages<!-- for as long as we don't pull "pages" from csdoc, we can use this anchor here so that [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup]] can link to an anchor "csdoc_pages" -->}}'''pages''': pages in the cited source containing the information that supports the article text. Separate page ranges with an [[En dash#En dash|en dash]]: – , for example {{para|pages|236–239}} . Separate non-sequential pages with a comma, for example {{para|pages|157, 159}} . The form {{para|pages|461, 466–467}} is used when you are citing both non-contiguous and sequential pages.

 

<p>For instance the journal ''[[Physical Review]]'', was numbered volumes 1–35 from 1893–1912 (the first series). In 1913–1969, the volume numbering restarted at 1 and went up to 188 (the second series). In 1970, ''Physical Review'' split into different parts, ''Physical Review A'', ''Physical Review B'', ''Physical Review C'', and ''Physical Review D'', where volumes again restarted at 1 (the third series). Since there are two publications identified as ''Physical Review, Volume 1'', there is a need to distinguish which is which by use of {{para|series|First Series}} or {{para|series|Second Series}}. While ''Physical Review A'' is in the third series of the ''Physical Review'' [[media franchise]], it is the first series of the publication known as ''Physical Review A''. Since there is no confusion about what ''Physical Review A, Volume 1'' could be referring to, there is no need to clarify to which numbering series the journal belong.</p>

<p>In particular, note that the {{para|series}} parameter is not to be used to distinguish the different parts of a [[media franchises]], like ''[[Physical Review A]]'', ''[[Acta Crystallographica Section A]]'', ''[[Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B]]''.</p>}}

* {{anchor|csdoc_volume<!-- for as long as we don't pull "volume" from csdoc, we can use this anchor here so that [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup]] can link to an anchor "csdoc_volume" -->}}'''volume''': For a source published in several volumes. This field is displayed in bold after the title and series parameters. An alternative is to include the volume information in the title parameter after the main title.

* {{anchor|csdoc_issue<!-- for as long as we don't pull "journal" from csdoc, we can use this anchor here so that [[Help:Citation_Style_1#Accept-this-as-written_markup]] can link to an anchor "csdoc_issue" -->}}'''issue''': When the source is part of a series that is published periodically.  Aliases: '''number'''.

* '''format''': Format of the document at its URL (e.g., PDF, XLS, etc.) Do not specify for HTML as it is implied as the default.  Do not use this parameter for completely different purposes, with annotations such as "fee required" or "reprint"; its intent is to notify readers what the file format is (e.g. in case some browsers might have trouble with it, or some might prefer to save the link to disk rather than open it in the browser). Access restrictions can be shown using the appropriate {{para|url-access}} parameter, see [[#Registration or subscription required|Registration or subscription required]]. Other notes about reprintings, etc., should be placed after the template, and before {{tag|ref|c}}.

When MediaWiki encounters an external link url with a '.pdf' or '.PDF' [[filename extension|extension]], it renders the external link with a [//example.com/document.pdf PDF icon] in place of the usual [//example.com/document external-link icon].  To make rendered cs1|2 citations that link to PDF documents somewhat more accessible, cs1|2 automatically adds a parenthetical PDF annotation so that those readers using screen-reader technology can know the type of the linked file.  This is imperfect because some on-line sources redirect .pdf urls to .html landing pages (this is common for PDF documents behind paywalls or registration barriers).  Because the parenthetical PDF annotation happens automatically, editors are not required to set {{para|format|PDF}}, though doing so causes no harm.  The {{para|format|PDF}} parameter may be deleted as part of a more substantial edit but editors should consider that many cs1|2 templates are copied from en.Wikipedia to other-language Wikipedias when articles here are translated to that other language.  Do not assume that other-language Wikipedias use up-to-date cs1|2 templates; many do not so removing {{para|format|PDF}} here can affect readers/translators at other Wikipedias.

{{main|WP:External links|WP:Citing sources}}

* Online sources that require payment or subscription may be included per the [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability policy]].

:https://books.google.com/books?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false

:https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false

:https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&printsec=frontcover

:https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC (if Google Books does not provide the cover page).

:https://books.google.com/?id=NPDgD546-doC&pg=PA172

:<code><nowiki>|page=[https://books.google.com/?id=wPQelKFNA5MC&pg=PA172 172]</nowiki></code>

* '''archive-url'''

* '''archive-date'''

The original link may become unavailable. When an archived version is located, the original URL is retained and {{para|archive-url}} is added with a link to an archived copy of a web page, usually from services like WebCite and the Internet Archive. {{para|archive-date}} must be added to show the date the page was archived, not the date the link was added. When {{para|archive-url}} is used, {{para|url}} and {{para|archive-date}} are required, else an error will show. When an archived link is used, the citation displays with the title linked to the archive and the original link at the end: {{cite book |title=Monty Python and Philosophy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPQelKFNA5MC |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130501102912/http://books.google.com/books?id=wPQelKFNA5MC |archive-date=May 1, 2013 }}

{{csdoc|quote}}

* '''ref''': Creates an anchor for use with [[WP:CITESHORT|Shortened footnotes]] and [[WP:PAREN|parenthetical referencing]]. These styles use in-text cites with a link that will jump to an anchor created by the CS1 template. Anchors are enabled by default. (See {{tl|Harvard citation documentation}} for details.)

:* '''{{para|ref|harv}}''': Creates an anchor from up to four author last names and the year, of the format <code>CITEREF''lastname(s)year''</code>, suitable for {{tlx|harv}}, {{tlx|sfn}}, {{tlx|citeref}}, etc.

:: Examples:

:: <code><nowiki>{{cite book |first=Gary L. |last=Hardcastle |title=Monty Python and Philosophy |year=2006}}</nowiki></code>

::: creates an anchor named <code>CITEREFHardcastle2006</code> which may be linked from {{tlx|harv|Hardcastle|2006|4=pp=12-34}}.

:: <code><nowiki>{{cite book |first=Gary L. |last=Hardcastle |first2=George A. |last2=Reisch |title=Monty Python and Philosophy |year=2006}}</nowiki></code>

::: creates an anchor named <code>CITEREFHardcastleReisch2006</code> which may be linked from {{tlx|harv|Hardcastle|Reisch|2006|5=pp=12-34}}.

:* '''{{para|ref|<var>ID</var>}}''': Creates a custom anchor defined by <var>ID</var>. This is useful where the author and/or date is unknown. The {{tlx|harvid}} template may be used here to create an anchor suitable for {{tlx|harv}}, {{tlx|sfn}}, {{tlx|citeref}}, etc.

:: For example, <code><nowiki>ref={{harvid|Monty Python and Philosophy|2006}}</nowiki></code>

::: creates an anchor which may be linked from {{tlx|harv|Monty Python and Philosophy|2006|4=pp=12-34}}.

There are occasions where [[Module:Citation/CS1]] emits error or maintenance messages because of, or makes changes to, the values assigned to a select set of parameters. Special markup can be used to enforce that a value will nonetheless be accepted as written. The markup for this is <code>((&lt;{{var|value}}>))</code>, i.e., wrap the entire parameter value in two sets of parentheses. Parameters that support this markup are:

{| class="wikitable"

! Parameter !! Notes

| {{para|author{{var|n}}}} ||rowspan=6| The various {{var|name}} parameters (including their enumerated variants) are checked for extra comma and semicolon separator characters which may indicate that the parameter is holding more than one name. If so, the list of names should be split up over multiple {{var|n}}-enumerated parameters. Corporate names, however, are sometimes comma-separated lists of names as well and so are erroneously flagged as a multiple-name error; markup can be used to indicate this.

| {{para|contributor{{var|n}}}}

| {{para|editor{{var|n}}}}

| {{para|interviewer{{var|n}}}}

| {{para|subject{{var|n}}}}

| {{para|translator{{var|n}}}}

| [[#csdoc_doi|{{para|doi}}]] || rowspan=5| Identifiers are checked for validity to the extent possible. In rare cases, identifiers actually used in published works deviate from the checked standard format but are nonetheless valid. If the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third-party source, correct the identifier instead of overriding the error message.

| [[#csdoc_eissn|{{para|eissn}}]]

| [[#csdoc_isbn|{{para|isbn}}]]

| [[#csdoc_issn|{{para|issn}}]]

| [[#csdoc_sbn|{{para|sbn}}]]

| [[#csdoc_issue|{{para|issue}}]] || rowspan=2|Spaces are inserted between commas and succeeding characters in comma-separated lists of issues, a hyphen is converted to an ndash in issue ranges, etc. A hyphenated issue number and an issue range cannot be distinguished, nor can a four-or-more-digit number with a thousands-separator from a comma-separated list of two or more issues. Markup can be applied to the entry as a whole or to individual list entries.

| [[#csdoc_issue|{{para|number}}]]

| [[#csdoc_volume|{{para|volume}}]]

| [[#csdoc_pages|{{para|pages}}]] || rowspan=2|Spaces are inserted between commas and succeeding characters in comma-separated lists of pages, a hyphen is converted to an ndash in page ranges, etc. A hyphenated page number and a page range cannot be distinguished, nor can a four-or-more-digit number with a thousands-separator from a comma-separated list of two or more pages. Markup can be applied to the entry as a whole or to individual list entries; does not apply to {{para|page}} or {{para|p}}.

| [[#csdoc_pages|{{para|pp}}]]

| {{para|title}} || Trailing dots are normally removed from the value assigned to {{para|title}} as being redundant. There are cases where trailing dots are not redundant but are part of the title proper so should be retained. <!-- At present, the following applies only to {{cite journal}}: -->The parameter may also accept a number of special keywords (<code>none</code>, etc.<!-- don't document "off" for now as it may change again with the next update -->) taking precedence over free text input to specify a title; if a value also matching a keyword is meant as actual title text, markup can be used to indicate this.

| {{para|title-link}} || <!-- At present, the following applies only to {{cite journal}}: -->The parameter may also accept a number of special keywords (<code>none</code>, <code>doi</code>, <code>pmc</code>) taking precedence over free text input to specify a link target; if a value also matching a keyword is meant as actual link target, markup can be used to indicate this.

| [[#para_vauthors|{{para|vauthors}}]] ||rowspan=2| Markup to suppress error messages and automatic Vancouver reformatting of allowed corporate names.

| [[#para_veditors|{{para|veditors}}]]

* The library record and/or shelf location of a physical copy of a cited work

CS1 templates may be inserted manually or by use of tools:

* [https://reftag.appspot.com/ Wikipedia citation tool for Google Books]

* [https://reftag.appspot.com/nytweb.py New York Times Wikipedia reference generator]

{{anchor|Error checking}}Error checking:

* [[User:Svick/HarvErrors.js]] is a script that may be enabled to display errors when using [[WP:CITESHORT|Shortened footnotes]] or [[WP:PAREN|parenthetical referencing]]. It does not warn when a long citation has been added but not a short one (using {{tl|sfn}} or {{tl|harvnb}}).

* [[User:Ucucha/HarvErrors.js]] is very similar, but also contains additional warnings for potential issues.