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='''ADD / ADHD / Attention'''= | ='''ADD / ADHD / Attention / Cognition'''= | ||
===2018 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6018192/ Cognitive Effects of Nicotine: Recent Progress]=== | ===2018 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6018192/ Cognitive Effects of Nicotine: Recent Progress]=== | ||
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*Acknowledgement: The study was supported by NIH grant R01DA031006 awarded to David Gilbert. | *Acknowledgement: The study was supported by NIH grant R01DA031006 awarded to David Gilbert. | ||
*Keywords: Cannabis; Marijuana; Negative affect; Nicotine; Smoking; THC; Testing effect; Withdrawal symptoms. | *Keywords: Cannabis; Marijuana; Negative affect; Nicotine; Smoking; THC; Testing effect; Withdrawal symptoms. | ||
= '''Cardiovascular''' = | |||
=== 2024: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38529793/ Transdermal Nicotine Patch Increases the Number and Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Young Healthy Nonsmokers without Adverse Hemodynamic Effects] === | |||
* This study aimed to explore the influence of TNPs on circulating EPCs with surface markers of CD34, CD133, and/or KDR, and colony-forming function plus migration activity of early EPCs derived from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells before and after TNP treatments in young healthy nonsmokers. | |||
* PWA analyses on day 7, compared with pretreatment, did not show significant change except diastolic pressure time index, which was prolonged and implied potential vascular benefit. In conclusion, 7-day TNP treatments could be a practical strategy to enhance angiogenesis of circulating EPCs to alleviate tissue ischemia without any hemodynamic concern. | |||
* Nicotine patches appear to promote blood vessel formation, without adverse effects. | |||
='''Chlamydia Pneumoniae'''= | ='''Chlamydia Pneumoniae'''= | ||
*Chlamydia pneumoniae is a type of bacteria that can cause respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia. C. pneumoniae is one cause of community-acquired pneumonia or lung infections developed outside of a healthcare setting. However, not everyone exposed to C. pneumoniae will develop pneumonia. [https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/atypical/cpneumoniae/index.html Source: US CDC] | *Chlamydia pneumoniae is a type of bacteria that can cause respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia. C. pneumoniae is one cause of community-acquired pneumonia or lung infections developed outside of a healthcare setting. However, not everyone exposed to C. pneumoniae will develop pneumonia. [https://www.cdc.gov/pneumonia/atypical/cpneumoniae/index.html Source: US CDC] | ||
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='''Cognitive / IQ / Memory'''= | ='''Cognitive / IQ / Memory'''= | ||
=== 2024: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10998423/ An exploratory, randomised, crossover study to investigate the effect of nicotine on cognitive function in healthy adult smokers who use an electronic cigarette after a period of smoking abstinence] === | |||
* Whilst it is known that smoking is a leading avoidable cause of diseases including cardiovascular disease, lung disease and cancer, smoking prevalence in the majority of countries remains at 10–40% [1]. Despite the aforementioned health consequences being widely documented and smoking cessation medications having been available for several decades [2], smoking cessation rates remain generally low; in the US for example, based on data from 2018, successful rates were around 7.5% per year | |||
* A significant improvement in sustained attention task performance was observed following use of both the nicotine containing e-cigarettes and combustible cigarette compared to no product use. Additionally, there were no significant differences between the nicotine containing products, indicating that nicotine use enhanced sustained attention regardless of delivery format. Nicotine containing e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use also significantly improved overall mood of participants compared to no product use, with no significant differences observed between the nicotine containing products. Nicotine containing e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use significantly reduced smoking urges compared to no product use, though combustible cigarette use elicited the greatest reduction in smoking urges. | |||
* Conclusion | |||
** Overall, the nicotine containing products improved sustained attention and mood while reducing smoking urges, with the studied e-cigarettes having comparable effects to combustible cigarettes across the assessed cognitive parameters and mood measures. These results demonstrate the potential role of e-cigarettes to provide an acceptable alternative for combustible cigarettes among people who would otherwise continue to smoke. | |||
* The study was an exploratory, randomised, partially-blinded, single-centre, five-arm crossover trial. It was registered prospectively on ISRCTN (ISRCTN35376793) and received ethical approval from the ''Wales Research Ethics Committee 1'' (Cardiff, UK; reference 21/WA/0095). The research was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013), Good Clinical Practice and applicable regulatory requirements. | |||
* Harry J. Green, Olivia K. O’Shea, Jack Cotter, Helen L. Philpott, and Nik Newland. Harm Reduct J. 2024; 21: 78. Published online 2024 Apr 6. doi: 10.1186/s12954-024-00993-0 PMCID: PMC10998423 | |||
* Supplementary material: | |||
** [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10998423/bin/12954_2024_993_MOESM1_ESM.docx Summary of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) – Task and key outcome measure descriptions.] (word document) | |||
=== 2023: [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1252705/full Editorial: Nicotine and its derivatives in disorders of cognition: a challenging new topic of study] === | === 2023: [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2023.1252705/full Editorial: Nicotine and its derivatives in disorders of cognition: a challenging new topic of study] === | ||
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*Nicotine is a nonselective agonist of the α7Ach receptor and is able to suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines by mimicking the binding of acetylcholine. It has been demonstrated that nicotine can selectively reduce the inflammatory response in a number of infection scenarios, including Legionella pneumophila (54) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (55) infection... | *Nicotine is a nonselective agonist of the α7Ach receptor and is able to suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines by mimicking the binding of acetylcholine. It has been demonstrated that nicotine can selectively reduce the inflammatory response in a number of infection scenarios, including Legionella pneumophila (54) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (55) infection... | ||
*Citation: D'Elia, R. V., Harrison, K., Oyston, P. C., Lukaszewski, R. A., & Clark, G. C. (2013). Targeting the "cytokine storm" for therapeutic benefit. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 20(3), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00636-12 | *Citation: D'Elia, R. V., Harrison, K., Oyston, P. C., Lukaszewski, R. A., & Clark, G. C. (2013). Targeting the "cytokine storm" for therapeutic benefit. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 20(3), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00636-12 | ||
<br> | |||
='''ME/CFS Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'''= | |||
*See Also: COVID (Long COVID) | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
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=='''Mental Health - Depression'''== | =='''Mental Health - Depression'''== | ||
===2022: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.15950 The relationship between smokeless tobacco (snus) and anxiety and depression among adults and elderly people. A comparison to smoking in the Tromsø Study]=== | |||
*In Norway, current snus users differ from current smokers by having a higher socio-economic status and no detectable association with anxiety and depression. This suggests that the relationship between tobacco use and anxiety and depression is associated with the administration method. | |||
*Citation: Yebo Yu, Fan Yang, Mingqi Fu, Farooq Ahmed, Muhammad Shahid, Jing Guo, Relationship Between Work-Family Conflict and Depressive Symptoms Among Male Firefighters in China, Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, 10.1097/JOM.0000000000002759, 65, 4, (337-343), (2022). | |||
===2021 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871621005676 Adolescent depression symptoms and e-cigarette progression]=== | ===2021 [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376871621005676 Adolescent depression symptoms and e-cigarette progression]=== | ||
*Depression symptoms predicted more rapid e-cigarette progression in adolescents. | *Depression symptoms predicted more rapid e-cigarette progression in adolescents. | ||
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='''Parkinson Disease'''= | ='''Parkinson Disease'''= | ||
=== 2024: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38430248/ Autophagy and UPS pathway contribute to nicotine-induced protection effect in Parkinson's disease] === | |||
* This study examines whether nicotine helps transgenic C. elegans PD models. According to numerous studies, nicotine enhances synaptic plasticity and dopaminergic neuronal survival. Upgrades UPS pathways, increases autophagy, and decreases oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. | |||
* At 100, 150, and 200 µM nicotine levels, worms showed reduced α-Syn aggregation, repaired DA neurotoxicity after 6-OHDA intoxication, increased lifetime, and reduced lipofuscin accumulation. Furthermore, nicotine triggered autophagy and UPS. | |||
* We revealed nicotine's potential as a UPS and autophagy activator to prevent PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. | |||
* ''Note: highly technical brain biochemistry, appears to be important however (ed.)'' [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3586504/ Paper on the UPS and it's purpose] for info. | |||
* Exp Brain Res. 2024 Mar 2. Inam Ullah, Shahab Uddin, Longhe Zhao, Xin Wang, Hongyu Li. PMID: 38430248 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06765-9 | |||
* Animal study (worms with humanised neurons) | |||
=== 2023: [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223310/full Changes in smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of Parkinson’s disease] === | === 2023: [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2023.1223310/full Changes in smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of Parkinson’s disease] === | ||
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='''Suggested additions to this page'''= | ='''Suggested additions to this page'''= | ||
===2021: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8183099/ Transdermal nicotine in non-smokers: A systematic review to design COVID-19 clinical trials]=== | |||
* Studies show that the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into upper respiratory tract, bronchial and pulmonary cells involve transmembrane receptor ACE2, which probably interacts with acetylcholine nicotinic receptors of the α7 subtype. The mechanism of the interactions remains hypothetical. | |||
* Despite a relatively safe tolerance profile, transdermal nicotine therapy in non-smokers can only be used in clinical trials. There is a lack of formal assessment of the potential risk of developing a tobacco addiction. This review offers baseline data to set a transdermal nicotine protocol for non-smokers with a new purpose. | |||
* Analyses of nicotine administration protocols and safety were conducted after reviewing Medline and Science Direct databases performing a search using the words [transdermal nicotine] AND [non-smoker] AND selected diseases. | |||
* Excessive secondary cytokine reaction plays a role in the mortality associated with COVID. One of the hypotheses to explain the effect of nicotine on the occurrence of severe forms of COVID and death is based on the loss of the downregulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which exerts an inhibitory effect on cytokine storm, especially in the lung and digestive tract. The α 7-type nicotinic receptors are part of this chain of reaction. | |||
* B. Dautzenberg, A. Levi, M. Adler, and R. Gaillardc. Respir Med Res. 2021 Nov; 80: 100844. Published online 2021 Jun 7. doi: 10.1016/j.resmer.2021.100844 PMCID: PMC8183099 PMID: 34153704 | |||
===2008: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19011436/ Efficacy of a nicotine (4 mg)-containing lozenge on the cognitive impairment of nicotine withdrawal]=== | |||
===2024: [https://harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12954-024-00993-0 An exploratory, randomised, crossover study to investigate the effect of nicotine on cognitive function in healthy adult smokers who use an electronic cigarette after a period of smoking abstinence]=== | |||
===2023: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10602090/ Butyrate protects and synergizes with nicotine against iron- and manganese-induced toxicities in cell culture: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases]=== | ===2023: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10602090/ Butyrate protects and synergizes with nicotine against iron- and manganese-induced toxicities in cell culture: Implications for neurodegenerative diseases]=== | ||
===2020: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7404387/ Allosterism of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Therapeutic Potential for Neuroinflammation Underlying Brain Trauma and Degenerative Disorders]=== | |||
=== 2023: Twitter thread on nicotine benefits [https://twitter.com/MichaelChampla1/status/1693086186087010351?s=20 here] === | === 2023: Twitter thread on nicotine benefits [https://twitter.com/MichaelChampla1/status/1693086186087010351?s=20 here] === | ||
* thread of studies / benefits | * thread of studies / benefits | ||
edits