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*Nicotine is a nonselective agonist of the α7Ach receptor and is able to suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines by mimicking the binding of acetylcholine. It has been demonstrated that nicotine can selectively reduce the inflammatory response in a number of infection scenarios, including Legionella pneumophila (54) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (55) infection... | *Nicotine is a nonselective agonist of the α7Ach receptor and is able to suppress the production of proinflammatory cytokines by mimicking the binding of acetylcholine. It has been demonstrated that nicotine can selectively reduce the inflammatory response in a number of infection scenarios, including Legionella pneumophila (54) and Chlamydia pneumoniae (55) infection... | ||
*Citation: D'Elia, R. V., Harrison, K., Oyston, P. C., Lukaszewski, R. A., & Clark, G. C. (2013). Targeting the "cytokine storm" for therapeutic benefit. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 20(3), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00636-12 | *Citation: D'Elia, R. V., Harrison, K., Oyston, P. C., Lukaszewski, R. A., & Clark, G. C. (2013). Targeting the "cytokine storm" for therapeutic benefit. Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 20(3), 319–327. https://doi.org/10.1128/CVI.00636-12 | ||
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='''ME/CFS Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome'''= | |||
*See Also: COVID (Long COVID) | |||
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===2021: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8183099/ Transdermal nicotine in non-smokers: A systematic review to design COVID-19 clinical trials]=== | |||
* Studies show that the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into upper respiratory tract, bronchial and pulmonary cells involve transmembrane receptor ACE2, which probably interacts with acetylcholine nicotinic receptors of the α7 subtype. The mechanism of the interactions remains hypothetical. | |||
* Despite a relatively safe tolerance profile, transdermal nicotine therapy in non-smokers can only be used in clinical trials. There is a lack of formal assessment of the potential risk of developing a tobacco addiction. This review offers baseline data to set a transdermal nicotine protocol for non-smokers with a new purpose. | |||
* Analyses of nicotine administration protocols and safety were conducted after reviewing Medline and Science Direct databases performing a search using the words [transdermal nicotine] AND [non-smoker] AND selected diseases. | |||
* Excessive secondary cytokine reaction plays a role in the mortality associated with COVID. One of the hypotheses to explain the effect of nicotine on the occurrence of severe forms of COVID and death is based on the loss of the downregulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, which exerts an inhibitory effect on cytokine storm, especially in the lung and digestive tract. The α 7-type nicotinic receptors are part of this chain of reaction. | |||
* B. Dautzenberg, A. Levi, M. Adler, and R. Gaillardc. Respir Med Res. 2021 Nov; 80: 100844. Published online 2021 Jun 7. doi: 10.1016/j.resmer.2021.100844 PMCID: PMC8183099 PMID: 34153704 | |||
===2008: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19011436/ Efficacy of a nicotine (4 mg)-containing lozenge on the cognitive impairment of nicotine withdrawal]=== | ===2008: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19011436/ Efficacy of a nicotine (4 mg)-containing lozenge on the cognitive impairment of nicotine withdrawal]=== | ||
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