(Scientific Publications) |
|||
| Line 6: | Line 6: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
{{TOC limit|3}} | {{TOC limit|3}} | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
== | ==Scientific Publications== | ||
===2021: [https://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/full/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306416 Balancing Consideration of the Risks and Benefits of E-Cigarettes]=== | |||
*"Animal model studies have found that nicotine can affect maturation of brain parts associated with executive function and decision-making, potentially leading to more impulsive behavior, cognitive deficits, and greater likelihood to self-administer other drugs. In addition, there is evidence in humans of neurological changes attributed to nicotine in the brains of adolescent smokers, interpreted by some as reflecting similar harmful effects to those in the animal models." | *"Animal model studies have found that nicotine can affect maturation of brain parts associated with executive function and decision-making, potentially leading to more impulsive behavior, cognitive deficits, and greater likelihood to self-administer other drugs. In addition, there is evidence in humans of neurological changes attributed to nicotine in the brains of adolescent smokers, interpreted by some as reflecting similar harmful effects to those in the animal models." | ||
*"These studies lead some researchers to suspect that adolescent nicotine use in any form may lead to long-term structural and functional brain changes with associated negative implications for cognition or impulse control. However, given species differences and questions about the relevance of experimental animal nicotine dosing paradigms to human use patterns, the validity of extrapolation to humans is speculative. Whether impaired brain development with behavioral consequences occurs in young nicotine consumers is difficult to determine because of potential confounding of genetic and socioeconomic factors, the influence of other substance abuse, and the role of preexisting neuropsychiatric problems associated with youth smoking. Research has yet to isolate nicotine use in the adolescent years and then examine later sequelae. Still, concerns about brain function effects of nicotine exposure through vaping deserve serious examination." | *"These studies lead some researchers to suspect that adolescent nicotine use in any form may lead to long-term structural and functional brain changes with associated negative implications for cognition or impulse control. However, given species differences and questions about the relevance of experimental animal nicotine dosing paradigms to human use patterns, the validity of extrapolation to humans is speculative. Whether impaired brain development with behavioral consequences occurs in young nicotine consumers is difficult to determine because of potential confounding of genetic and socioeconomic factors, the influence of other substance abuse, and the role of preexisting neuropsychiatric problems associated with youth smoking. Research has yet to isolate nicotine use in the adolescent years and then examine later sequelae. Still, concerns about brain function effects of nicotine exposure through vaping deserve serious examination." | ||
===2019: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1506-7 Conserved cell types with divergent features in human versus mouse cortex]=== | |||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1038/s41586-019-1506-7 Link to full paper] | |||
*"Our results demonstrate species divergence of gene expression between homologous cell types... these results help to resolve the paradox of failures in the use of mouse for preclinical studies ..." | |||
===2015: [https://web.archive.org/web/20190511092056/http://www.tweelingenregister.org/nederlands/verslaggeving/NTR-publicaties_2015/Treur_BP_2015.pdf Smoking During Adolescence as a Risk Factor for Attention Problems]=== | |||
*"Educational achievement did not differ within twin pairs discordant for smoking, in adults and adolescents." | |||
===2012: [https://www.pure.ed.ac.uk/ws/portalfiles/portal/16310520/Corley_2012_Smoking_childhood_IQ_and_cognitive_function.pdf Smoking, childhood IQ and cognitive function in old age]=== | |||
*“Past smoking was not associated with significantly poorer performance than never smokers in any cognitive domain.” | |||
===2009: [https://gwern.net/doc/iq/2010-wennerstad.pdf Associations between IQ and cigarette smoking among Swedish male twins]=== | |||
*“The [inverse] IQ–smoking association disappeared after adjustments for shared environment and genetics.” | |||
<br> | <br> | ||
| Line 26: | Line 45: | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
==2018 Nora Volkow MD (NIDA) comparing youth nicotine use with marijuana use== | ==2018: Nora Volkow MD (NIDA) comparing youth nicotine use with marijuana use== | ||
[[file:2018 Volkow nicotine weed.png|center]] | [[file:2018 Volkow nicotine weed.png|center]] | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
==2014 Nora Volkow MD (NIDA) comparing youth nicotine use with marijuana use== | ==2014: Nora Volkow MD (NIDA) comparing youth nicotine use with marijuana use== | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140701113948/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ruth-marcus-national-institute-on-drug-abuse-chief-attacks-myths-of-pot-smoking/2014/06/24/12010d84-fbd9-11e3-8176-f2c941cf35f1_story.html Archived Link: Quote Source] / [https://nida.nih.gov/about-nida/directors-page Photo Source] | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140701113948/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ruth-marcus-national-institute-on-drug-abuse-chief-attacks-myths-of-pot-smoking/2014/06/24/12010d84-fbd9-11e3-8176-f2c941cf35f1_story.html Archived Link: Quote Source] / [https://nida.nih.gov/about-nida/directors-page Photo Source] | ||
*Adolescents are a chief focus of Volkow’s worry, to the extent that when I observe that tobacco use is clearly worse for teens, she challenges that easy assumption. “Wait a second. . . . Nicotine does not interfere with cognitive ability. So if you are an adolescent and you are smoking marijuana and going to school, it’s going to interfere with your capacity to learn. So what is worse, as an adolescent right now? To have basically something that is jeopardizing your development educationally or to smoke a cigarette that, when you are 60 years of age, is going to lead to impaired pulmonary function and perhaps cancer? . . . I would argue that you do not want to mess with your cognitive capacity, that that is a very large price to pay.” | *Adolescents are a chief focus of Volkow’s worry, to the extent that when I observe that tobacco use is clearly worse for teens, she challenges that easy assumption. “Wait a second. . . . Nicotine does not interfere with cognitive ability. So if you are an adolescent and you are smoking marijuana and going to school, it’s going to interfere with your capacity to learn. So what is worse, as an adolescent right now? To have basically something that is jeopardizing your development educationally or to smoke a cigarette that, when you are 60 years of age, is going to lead to impaired pulmonary function and perhaps cancer? . . . I would argue that you do not want to mess with your cognitive capacity, that that is a very large price to pay.” | ||
edits