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*"These studies lead some researchers to suspect that adolescent nicotine use in any form may lead to long-term structural and functional brain changes with associated negative implications for cognition or impulse control. However, given species differences and questions about the relevance of experimental animal nicotine dosing paradigms to human use patterns, the validity of extrapolation to humans is speculative. Whether impaired brain development with behavioral consequences occurs in young nicotine consumers is difficult to determine because of potential confounding of genetic and socioeconomic factors, the influence of other substance abuse, and the role of preexisting neuropsychiatric problems associated with youth smoking. Research has yet to isolate nicotine use in the adolescent years and then examine later sequelae. Still, concerns about brain function effects of nicotine exposure through vaping deserve serious examination." | *"These studies lead some researchers to suspect that adolescent nicotine use in any form may lead to long-term structural and functional brain changes with associated negative implications for cognition or impulse control. However, given species differences and questions about the relevance of experimental animal nicotine dosing paradigms to human use patterns, the validity of extrapolation to humans is speculative. Whether impaired brain development with behavioral consequences occurs in young nicotine consumers is difficult to determine because of potential confounding of genetic and socioeconomic factors, the influence of other substance abuse, and the role of preexisting neuropsychiatric problems associated with youth smoking. Research has yet to isolate nicotine use in the adolescent years and then examine later sequelae. Still, concerns about brain function effects of nicotine exposure through vaping deserve serious examination." | ||
===2015: [https://web.archive.org/web/20190511092056/http://www.tweelingenregister.org/nederlands/verslaggeving/NTR-publicaties_2015/Treur_BP_2015.pdf Smoking During Adolescence as a Risk Factor for Attention Problems]=== | ===2015: [https://web.archive.org/web/20190511092056/http://www.tweelingenregister.org/nederlands/verslaggeving/NTR-publicaties_2015/Treur_BP_2015.pdf Smoking During Adolescence as a Risk Factor for Attention Problems]=== | ||
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==If nicotine causes brain damage, how do we explain the accomplishments of these people?== | ==If nicotine causes brain damage, how do we explain the accomplishments of these people?== | ||
[[file:Famous People Smoking2.png|center]] | [[file:Famous People Smoking2.png|center]] | ||
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==Rodent Studies vs. Human Studies== | |||
== | |||
===2019: [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1506-7 Conserved cell types with divergent features in human versus mouse cortex]=== | |||
*[https://sci-hub.st/10.1038/s41586-019-1506-7 Link to full paper] | |||
*"Our results demonstrate species divergence of gene expression between homologous cell types... these results help to resolve the paradox of failures in the use of mouse for preclinical studies ..." | |||
===[https://www.arnoldventures.org/stories/stop-publishing-mouse-studies Why Journalists Should Stop Publishing Studies Conducted With Mice]=== | ===2016: [https://www.arnoldventures.org/stories/stop-publishing-mouse-studies Why Journalists Should Stop Publishing Studies Conducted With Mice]=== | ||
*"When it comes to determining what will make humans healthy and disease-free, research involving mice has had remarkably few successes." | *"When it comes to determining what will make humans healthy and disease-free, research involving mice has had remarkably few successes." | ||
*"As soon as journalists see the word “mouse” in a study (or “rat,” “hamster,” etc.), they should put down the press release, delete any related emails, and refuse to write a word about that study. As a society, we waste billions of dollars and innumerable hours pursuing remedies and diets and exercise plans that may not even work in humans. The media bear a great deal of responsibility for this. To be fair, there have been many instances in which a reporter has pointed out that the study featured in his or her article was conducted on mice and may not be applicable to humans. But this is not nearly enough. When readers see a “breakthrough” treatment or diet plan advertised in the headline, they have already been misinformed — even if there is a modest disclaimer several paragraphs later." | *"As soon as journalists see the word “mouse” in a study (or “rat,” “hamster,” etc.), they should put down the press release, delete any related emails, and refuse to write a word about that study. As a society, we waste billions of dollars and innumerable hours pursuing remedies and diets and exercise plans that may not even work in humans. The media bear a great deal of responsibility for this. To be fair, there have been many instances in which a reporter has pointed out that the study featured in his or her article was conducted on mice and may not be applicable to humans. But this is not nearly enough. When readers see a “breakthrough” treatment or diet plan advertised in the headline, they have already been misinformed — even if there is a modest disclaimer several paragraphs later." | ||
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