ENDS Youth & Young Adults: Difference between revisions

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*Acknowledgement: The author is grateful to the National Institutes of Health for a grant supplement (to parent grant R01CA190444-04; PI: Delnevo) that supported this work.

===2020: Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”===

===2020: [https://cei.org/studies/perverse-psychology/ Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”]===

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=Age Restrictions=

===2023: [https://isfe.uky.edu/sites/ISFE/files/research-pdfs/Effects%20of%20E-Cigarette%20Minimum%20Legal%20Sales%20Ages%20on%20Youth%20Tobacco%20Use%20in%20the%20US_Working%20Paper_0.pdf Effects of E-Cigarette Minimum Legal Sales Ages on Youth Tobacco Use in the United States]===

*"Using an estimator designed to correct for dynamic heterogeneity in treatment effects, e-cigarette MLSAs are estimated to reduce lifetime e-cigarette use by approximately 25% and increase daily cigarette use and daily cigar use by approximately 35%. Therefore, these MLSAs operate as intended in reducing e-cigarette use, although at the expense of more dangerous combustible tobacco use. The Food and Drug Administration should consider the impact of e-cigarette availability in reducing youth combustible tobacco use as an important public health benefit of e-cigarettes in their regulatory activity."

**Citation: Michael F. Pesko, 2023. "Effects of e-cigarette minimum legal sales ages on youth tobacco use in the United States," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 66(3), pages 261-277, June. DOI: 10.1007/s11166-022-09402-y

***Acknowledgment: Dr. Pesko was supported by R01DA045016 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health and by a grant from the Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise at the University of Kentucky.

===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7051858/ E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers]===

*"This paper suggests that increases in teen prenatal cigarette smoking may be an unintended consequence of ENDS MLSAs among rural teens. Increases in prenatal smoking were entirely accounted for by pre-pregnancy smokers, suggesting that the mechanism through which ENDS MLSAs affected prenatal smoking was by reducing smoking cessation rather than by causing new initiation of cigarette smoking during pregnancy. "

*"This paper suggests that increases in teen prenatal cigarette smoking may be an unintended consequence of ENDS MLSAs among rural teens. Increases in prenatal smoking were entirely accounted for by pre-pregnancy smokers, suggesting that the mechanism through which ENDS MLSAs affected prenatal smoking was by reducing smoking cessation rather than by causing new initiation of cigarette smoking during pregnancy."

**Citation: Pesko MF, Currie JM. E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers. J Health Econ. 2019 Jul;66:71-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.05.003. Epub 2019 May 13. PMID: 31121389; PMCID: PMC7051858.

***Acknowledgment: We appreciate helpful comments from Michael French and ~~conference~~ participants at the 2016 American Society for Health Economists conference. We thank Joanna Seirup for excellent data management. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01DA045016 (PI: Michael Pesko), P30DA040500 (PI: Bruce Schackman), and R01DA039968 (PI: Dhaval Dave). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health

***Acknowledgment: We appreciate helpful comments from Michael French and participants at the 2016 American Society for Health Economists conference. We thank Joanna Seirup for excellent data management. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01DA045016 (PI: Michael Pesko), P30DA040500 (PI: Bruce Schackman), and R01DA039968 (PI: Dhaval Dave). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health

*See also: [https://news.gsu.edu/2019/07/11/e-cigartte-legal-age-regulation-teen-smokers/ E-cigarette Regulations Increase Prenatal Cigarette Use Among Teen Smokers, Study Shows]

===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6377803/ The Effects of E-Cigarette Minimum Legal Sale Age Laws on Youth Substance Use]===

*"Taken together, our findings suggest a possible unintended effect of e-cigarette MLSA laws—rising cigarette use in the short term while youth are restricted from purchasing e-cigarettes."

**Citation: Dave D, Feng B, Pesko MF. The effects of e-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws on youth substance use. Health Econ. 2019 Mar;28(3):419-436. doi: 10.1002/hec.3854. Epub 2019 Jan 15. PMID: 30648308; PMCID: PMC6377803.

***Acknowledgment: We gratefully appreciate comments from Abigail Friedman, Rahi Abouk, and others at the 2017 International Society for Health Economists (iHEA) conference. We also gratefully acknowledge Amanda Shawky for editorial assistance.

***Funding: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01DA039968 (PI: Dhaval Dave) and R01DA045016 (PI: Michael Pesko)

===2016: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26971853/ The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use]===

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***(Full study behind paywall, can't see information on study funding)

===2015: ~~Study~~: How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking?=== ~~~~

===2015: [https://conference.nber.org/confer/2015/SI2015/HE/Friedman.pdf How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking?]===

*Abstract: “Understanding electronic cigarettes’ effect on tobacco smoking is a central economic and policy issue. This paper examines the causal impact of e-cigarette access on conventional cigarette use by adolescents. Regression analyses consider how state bans on e-cigarette sales to minors influence smoking rates among 12 to 17 year olds. Such bans yield a statistically significant 0.9 percentage point increase in recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans. Results are robust to multiple specifications as well as several falsification and placebo checks. This effect is both consistent with e-cigarette access reducing smoking among minors, and large: banning electronic cigarette sales to minors counteracts 70 percent of the downward pre-trend in teen cigarette smoking for a given two-year period.”

**Citation: Friedman AS. How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking? J Health Econ. 2015 Dec;44:300-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Oct 19. PMID: 26583343.

~~~~

***Acknowledgement: I am grateful to David Cutler, Richard Frank, Claudia Goldin, Frank Sloan, Jody Sindelar, Martin Anderson, Sebastian Bauhoff, Shivaani Prakash, Mark Schlesinger, and Sam Richardson for helpful comments and discussion, and to the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, for fellowship funding that helped support this research.

Abstract: “Understanding electronic cigarettes’ effect on tobacco smoking is a central economic and policy issue. This paper examines the causal impact of e-cigarette access on conventional cigarette use by adolescents. Regression analyses consider how state bans on e-cigarette sales to minors influence smoking rates among 12 to 17 year olds. Such bans yield a statistically significant 0.9 percentage point increase in recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans. Results are robust to multiple specifications as well as several falsification and placebo checks. This effect is both consistent with e-cigarette access reducing smoking among minors, and large: banning electronic cigarette sales to minors counteracts 70 percent of the downward pre-trend in teen cigarette smoking for a given two-year period.”

=Young Adults=

@@ Line 175: / Line 175: @@
 *Acknowledgement: The author is grateful to the National Institutes of Health for a grant supplement (to parent grant R01CA190444-04; PI: Delnevo) that supported this work.
-===2020: Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”=== <!--T:61-->
+===2020: [https://cei.org/studies/perverse-psychology/ Perverse Psychology How Anti-Vaping Campaigners Created the Youth Vaping “Epidemic”]=== <!--T:61-->
 <!--T:62-->
@@ Line 183: / Line 183: @@
 =Age Restrictions=
+===2023: [https://isfe.uky.edu/sites/ISFE/files/research-pdfs/Effects%20of%20E-Cigarette%20Minimum%20Legal%20Sales%20Ages%20on%20Youth%20Tobacco%20Use%20in%20the%20US_Working%20Paper_0.pdf Effects of E-Cigarette Minimum Legal Sales Ages on Youth Tobacco Use in the United States]===
+*"Using an estimator designed to correct for dynamic heterogeneity in treatment effects, e-cigarette MLSAs are estimated to reduce lifetime e-cigarette use by approximately 25% and increase daily cigarette use and daily cigar use by approximately 35%. Therefore, these MLSAs operate as intended in reducing e-cigarette use, although at the expense of more dangerous combustible tobacco use. The Food and Drug Administration should consider the impact of e-cigarette availability in reducing youth combustible tobacco use as an important public health benefit of e-cigarettes in their regulatory activity."
+**Citation: Michael F. Pesko, 2023. "Effects of e-cigarette minimum legal sales ages on youth tobacco use in the United States," Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Springer, vol. 66(3), pages 261-277, June. DOI: 10.1007/s11166-022-09402-y
+***Acknowledgment: Dr. Pesko was supported by R01DA045016 from the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health and by a grant from the Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise at the University of Kentucky.
 ===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7051858/ E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers]===
-*"This paper suggests that increases in teen prenatal cigarette smoking may be an unintended consequence of ENDS MLSAs among rural teens. Increases in prenatal smoking were entirely accounted for by pre-pregnancy smokers, suggesting that the mechanism through which ENDS MLSAs affected prenatal smoking was by reducing smoking cessation rather than by causing new initiation of cigarette smoking during pregnancy. "
+*"This paper suggests that increases in teen prenatal cigarette smoking may be an unintended consequence of ENDS MLSAs among rural teens. Increases in prenatal smoking were entirely accounted for by pre-pregnancy smokers, suggesting that the mechanism through which ENDS MLSAs affected prenatal smoking was by reducing smoking cessation rather than by causing new initiation of cigarette smoking during pregnancy."
 **Citation: Pesko MF, Currie JM. E-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws and traditional cigarette use among rural pregnant teenagers. J Health Econ. 2019 Jul;66:71-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2019.05.003. Epub 2019 May 13. PMID: 31121389; PMCID: PMC7051858.
-***Acknowledgment: We appreciate helpful comments from Michael French and conference participants at the 2016 American Society for Health Economists conference. We thank Joanna Seirup for excellent data management. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01DA045016 (PI: Michael Pesko), P30DA040500 (PI: Bruce Schackman), and R01DA039968 (PI: Dhaval Dave). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health
+***Acknowledgment: We appreciate helpful comments from Michael French and participants at the 2016 American Society for Health Economists conference. We thank Joanna Seirup for excellent data management. Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01DA045016 (PI: Michael Pesko), P30DA040500 (PI: Bruce Schackman), and R01DA039968 (PI: Dhaval Dave). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health
 *See also: [https://news.gsu.edu/2019/07/11/e-cigartte-legal-age-regulation-teen-smokers/ E-cigarette Regulations Increase Prenatal Cigarette Use Among Teen Smokers, Study Shows]
+===2019: [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6377803/ The Effects of E-Cigarette Minimum Legal Sale Age Laws on Youth Substance Use]===
+*"Taken together, our findings suggest a possible unintended effect of e-cigarette MLSA laws—rising cigarette use in the short term while youth are restricted from purchasing e-cigarettes."
+**Citation: Dave D, Feng B, Pesko MF. The effects of e-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws on youth substance use. Health Econ. 2019 Mar;28(3):419-436. doi: 10.1002/hec.3854. Epub 2019 Jan 15. PMID: 30648308; PMCID: PMC6377803.
+***Acknowledgment: We gratefully appreciate comments from Abigail Friedman, Rahi Abouk, and others at the 2017 International Society for Health Economists (iHEA) conference. We also gratefully acknowledge Amanda Shawky for editorial assistance.
+***Funding: Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01DA039968 (PI: Dhaval Dave) and R01DA045016 (PI: Michael Pesko)
 ===2016: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26971853/ The influence of electronic cigarette age purchasing restrictions on adolescent tobacco and marijuana use]===
@@ Line 195: / Line 206: @@
 ***(Full study behind paywall, can't see information on study funding)
-===2015: Study: How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking?=== <!--T:67-->
+===2015: [https://conference.nber.org/confer/2015/SI2015/HE/Friedman.pdf How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking?]===
+*Abstract: “Understanding electronic cigarettes’ effect on tobacco smoking is a central economic and policy issue. This paper examines the causal impact of e-cigarette access on conventional cigarette use by adolescents. Regression analyses consider how state bans on e-cigarette sales to minors influence smoking rates among 12 to 17 year olds. Such bans yield a statistically significant 0.9 percentage point increase in recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans. Results are robust to multiple specifications as well as several falsification and placebo checks. This effect is both consistent with e-cigarette access reducing smoking among minors, and large: banning electronic cigarette sales to minors counteracts 70 percent of the downward pre-trend in teen cigarette smoking for a given two-year period.”
+**Citation: Friedman AS. How does electronic cigarette access affect adolescent smoking? J Health Econ. 2015 Dec;44:300-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2015.10.003. Epub 2015 Oct 19. PMID: 26583343.
-<!--T:68-->
+***Acknowledgement: I am grateful to David Cutler, Richard Frank, Claudia Goldin, Frank Sloan, Jody Sindelar, Martin Anderson, Sebastian Bauhoff, Shivaani Prakash, Mark Schlesinger, and Sam Richardson for helpful comments and discussion, and to the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study, for fellowship funding that helped support this research.
-Abstract: “Understanding electronic cigarettes’ effect on tobacco smoking is a central economic and policy issue. This paper examines the causal impact of e-cigarette access on conventional cigarette use by adolescents. Regression analyses consider how state bans on e-cigarette sales to minors influence smoking rates among 12 to 17 year olds. Such bans yield a statistically significant 0.9 percentage point increase in recent smoking in this age group, relative to states without such bans. Results are robust to multiple specifications as well as several falsification and placebo checks. This effect is both consistent with e-cigarette access reducing smoking among minors, and large: banning electronic cigarette sales to minors counteracts 70 percent of the downward pre-trend in teen cigarette smoking for a given two-year period.”
 =Young Adults= <!--T:69-->