Nicotine therapeutic benefits: Difference between revisions

Line 901:

**Citation: Wiersinga, W. M. (2013). Smoking and thyroid. Clinical Endocrinology, 79(2), 145–151. doi:10.1111/cen.12222

***Acknowledgement: None stated

='''HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)'''=

===2025: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763425003495 Nicotine and neurocognition in HIV: Translational challenges and therapeutic potential]===

*"Approximately half of people with HIV (PWH) experience neurocognitive impairment (NCI), despite antiretroviral therapies that have turned what was formerly a death sentence to a chronic illness. No targeted treatments exist for HIV-associated NCI, impacting long-term quality of life. Smoking rates in PWH are nearly double those of the general population, and with evidence for pro-cognitive effects of nicotine, this may reflect self-medication. However, clinical studies yield inconsistent findings-some showing benefits, others reporting harm-likely due to variability in nicotine exposure methods, cognitive testing paradigms, withdrawal states, and confounding comorbidities. In contrast, animal studies offer a more controlled framework to isolate the effects of nicotine. Preclinical models suggest that nicotine may mitigate HIV-associated cognitive deficits by acting on α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), leading to reduced neuroinflammation. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting nAChRs, though mechanisms remain incompletely understood..."

**Citation: Jha NA, Ayoub SM, Brody AL, Young JW. Nicotine and neurocognition in HIV: Translational challenges and therapeutic potential. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2025 Aug 23;177:106348. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106348. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40854454.

***Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers: R01MH134175 (JWY), R01MH128869 (JWY), R01DA051295 (JWY)]...

===2021: [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11334575/ Meta-Analysis on Nicotine's Modulation of HIV-Associated Dementia]===

*However, alternative pathways with more holistic representations of molecular relationships revealed the potential of nicotine as a neuroprotective treatment. It was found that concurrent with nicotine treatment the individual inactivation of several of the intermediary molecules in the holistic pathways caused the downregulation of the HAD pathology molecules. These findings reveal that nicotine may have therapeutic properties for HAD when given alongside specific inhibitory drugs for one or more of the identified intermediary molecules.

**Citation: Krishnan, V., Vigorito, M., Kota, N.K. et al. Meta-Analysis on Nicotine's Modulation of HIV-Associated Dementia. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 17, 487–502 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-021-10027-2

***Acknowledgement: This study was partially supported by National Institute of Health grants DA43448 and DA046258 to SLC.

='''Huntington’s Disease'''=

@@ Line 901: / Line 901: @@
 **Citation: Wiersinga, W. M. (2013). Smoking and thyroid. Clinical Endocrinology, 79(2), 145–151. doi:10.1111/cen.12222
 ***Acknowledgement: None stated
+='''HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)'''=
+===2025: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763425003495 Nicotine and neurocognition in HIV: Translational challenges and therapeutic potential]===
+*"Approximately half of people with HIV (PWH) experience neurocognitive impairment (NCI), despite antiretroviral therapies that have turned what was formerly a death sentence to a chronic illness. No targeted treatments exist for HIV-associated NCI, impacting long-term quality of life. Smoking rates in PWH are nearly double those of the general population, and with evidence for pro-cognitive effects of nicotine, this may reflect self-medication. However, clinical studies yield inconsistent findings-some showing benefits, others reporting harm-likely due to variability in nicotine exposure methods, cognitive testing paradigms, withdrawal states, and confounding comorbidities. In contrast, animal studies offer a more controlled framework to isolate the effects of nicotine. Preclinical models suggest that nicotine may mitigate HIV-associated cognitive deficits by acting on α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), leading to reduced neuroinflammation. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting nAChRs, though mechanisms remain incompletely understood..."
+**Citation: Jha NA, Ayoub SM, Brody AL, Young JW. Nicotine and neurocognition in HIV: Translational challenges and therapeutic potential. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2025 Aug 23;177:106348. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106348. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40854454.
+***Acknowledgement: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers: R01MH134175 (JWY), R01MH128869 (JWY), R01DA051295 (JWY)]...
+===2021: [https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11334575/ Meta-Analysis on Nicotine's Modulation of HIV-Associated Dementia]===
+*However, alternative pathways with more holistic representations of molecular relationships revealed the potential of nicotine as a neuroprotective treatment. It was found that concurrent with nicotine treatment the individual inactivation of several of the intermediary molecules in the holistic pathways caused the downregulation of the HAD pathology molecules. These findings reveal that nicotine may have therapeutic properties for HAD when given alongside specific inhibitory drugs for one or more of the identified intermediary molecules.
+**Citation: Krishnan, V., Vigorito, M., Kota, N.K. et al. Meta-Analysis on Nicotine's Modulation of HIV-Associated Dementia. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 17, 487–502 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11481-021-10027-2
+***Acknowledgement: This study was partially supported by National Institute of Health grants DA43448 and DA046258 to SLC.
 ='''Huntington’s Disease'''=