Nicotine therapeutic benefits: Difference between revisions

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='''Endurance / Exercise / Athletic Performance'''=

===2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5236038/ A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Investigating the Effects of Nicotine Gum on Strength, Power and Anaerobic Performance in Nicotine-Naïve, Active Males]===

*The present study has demonstrated that low-dose (2 mg) nicotine gum increases leg extensor torque, but counter-movement jump and anaerobic capacity during WAnT remained unchanged when compared to a placebo, whilst there were minimal effects of the 4-mg nicotine gum on the performance parameters measured. Together with our previous observation [24], these results indicate that nicotine per se can improve exercise endurance and muscular strength, something that WADA should continue to monitor alongside patterns of (mis)use.

**Citation: Mündel T, Machal M, Cochrane DJ, Barnes MJ. A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Investigating the Effects of Nicotine Gum on Strength, Power and Anaerobic Performance in Nicotine-Naïve, Active Males. Sports Med Open. 2017 Dec;3(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s40798-016-0074-8. Epub 2017 Jan 13. PMID: 28092056; PMCID: PMC5236038.

***Acknowledgement: This study was funded in part by a grant from the World Anti-Doping Agency.

===2006 [https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033373 Effect of transdermal nicotine administration on exercise endurance in men]===

*Nicotine improved exercise endurance by 17 ± 7%, and in the absence of any effect on the usual peripheral markers, such as ventilation, heart rate and blood metabolites, we conclude that nicotine prolongs endurance by a central mechanism that may involve nicotinic receptor activation and/or altered activity of dopaminergic pathways.

*[https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033373 PDF Version]

*Mündel, ~~T. and~~ Jones~~, D.A~~. ~~(2006),~~ Effect of transdermal nicotine administration on exercise endurance in men. ~~Experimental Physiology,~~ 91: 705-~~713~~. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033373

**Citation: Mündel T, Jones DA. Effect of transdermal nicotine administration on exercise endurance in men. Exp Physiol. 2006 Jul;91(4):705-13. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033373. Epub 2006 Apr 20. PMID: 16627574.

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@@ Line 645: / Line 645: @@
 ='''Endurance / Exercise / Athletic Performance'''=
+===2017 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5236038/ A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Investigating the Effects of Nicotine Gum on Strength, Power and Anaerobic Performance in Nicotine-Naïve, Active Males]===
+*The present study has demonstrated that low-dose (2 mg) nicotine gum increases leg extensor torque, but counter-movement jump and anaerobic capacity during WAnT remained unchanged when compared to a placebo, whilst there were minimal effects of the 4-mg nicotine gum on the performance parameters measured. Together with our previous observation [24], these results indicate that nicotine per se can improve exercise endurance and muscular strength, something that WADA should continue to monitor alongside patterns of (mis)use.
+**Citation: Mündel T, Machal M, Cochrane DJ, Barnes MJ. A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study Investigating the Effects of Nicotine Gum on Strength, Power and Anaerobic Performance in Nicotine-Naïve, Active Males. Sports Med Open. 2017 Dec;3(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s40798-016-0074-8. Epub 2017 Jan 13. PMID: 28092056; PMCID: PMC5236038.
+***Acknowledgement: This study was funded in part by a grant from the World Anti-Doping Agency.
 ===2006 [https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033373 Effect of transdermal nicotine administration on exercise endurance in men]===
 *Nicotine improved exercise endurance by 17 ± 7%, and in the absence of any effect on the usual peripheral markers, such as ventilation, heart rate and blood metabolites, we conclude that nicotine prolongs endurance by a central mechanism that may involve nicotinic receptor activation and/or altered activity of dopaminergic pathways.
 *[https://physoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033373 PDF Version]
-*Mündel, T. and Jones, D.A. (2006), Effect of transdermal nicotine administration on exercise endurance in men. Experimental Physiology, 91: 705-713. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033373
+**Citation: Mündel T, Jones DA. Effect of transdermal nicotine administration on exercise endurance in men. Exp Physiol. 2006 Jul;91(4):705-13. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033373. Epub 2006 Apr 20. PMID: 16627574.
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