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| =Studies - Not Catagorized= | | =Studies - Not Catagorized= |
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| ===2019: [https://www.journalslibrary.nihr.ac.uk/hta/hta23430#/abstract E-cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy within the UK Stop Smoking Services: the TEC RCT]===
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| *The primary outcome was CO-validated sustained abstinence rates at 52 weeks. Participants lost to follow-up or not providing biochemical validation were included as non-abstainers.
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| *The 1-year quit rate was 9.9% in the NRT arm and 18.0% in the e-cigarette arm.
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| *The e-cigarette arm had significantly higher validated quit rates at all time points. Participants in the e-cigarette arm showed significantly better adherence and experienced fewer urges to smoke throughout the initial 4 weeks of their quit attempt than those in the NRT arm, and gave their allocated product more favourable ratings. They were also more likely to be still using their allocated product at 1 year
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| *Participants assigned to e-cigarettes reported significantly less coughing and phlegm at 1 year than those assigned to NRT
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| *A detailed economic analysis confirmed that, because e-cigarettes incur lower NHS costs than NRT and generate a higher quit rate, e-cigarette use is more cost-effective.
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| *[https://njl-admin.nihr.ac.uk/document/download/2030301 PDF Version]
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| *Citation: Hajek P, Phillips-Waller A, Przulj D, Pesola F, Myers Smith K, Bisal N, et al. E-cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy within the UK Stop Smoking Services: the TEC RCT. Health Technol Assess 2019;23(43)
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| *Acknowledgement: This report presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). The views and opinions expressed by authors in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NHS, the NIHR, NETSCC, the HTA programme or the Department of Health and Social Care.
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| ===2019: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.14829 Cost‐effectiveness of e‐cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy in stop smoking services in England (TEC study): a randomized controlled trial]===
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| *Using e‐cigarettes as a smoking cessation aid with standard behavioural support in stop‐smoking services in England is likely to be more cost‐effective than using nicotine replacement therapy in the same setting.
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| *[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/add.14829 PDF Version]
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| *Citation: Li, J., Hajek, P., Pesola, F., Wu, Q., Phillips-Waller, A., Przulj, D., Myers Smith, K., Bisal, N., Sasieni, P., Dawkins, L., Ross, L., Goniewicz, M. L., McRobbie, H., and Parrott, S. (2020) Cost-effectiveness of e-cigarettes compared with nicotine replacement therapy in stop smoking services in England (TEC study): a randomized controlled trial. Addiction, 115: 507– 517. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14829.
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| *Acknowledgement: This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme (12/167/135) and by a grant (A16893) from the Cancer Research UK Prevention Trials Unit.
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| ===2019: [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31300577/ Effect of Electronic Cigarettes on Smoking Reduction and Cessation in Korean Male Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Study]===
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| * In our study, the effect of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation was similar compared with that of nicotine gum, a well-documented NRT. In addition, e-cigarettes were well tolerated by the study population. Therefore, the use of e-cigarettes as an NRT may be considered for smoking-cessation purposes.
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| *[https://sci-hub.se/10.3122/jabfm.2019.04.180384 PDF Version]
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| *Citation: Effect of Electronic Cigarettes on Smoking Reduction and Cessation in Korean Male Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Study; Seung-Hwa Lee, Sang-Hyun Ahn, Yoo-Seock Cheong; The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine Jul 2019, 32 (4) 567-574; DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2019.04.180384
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| *Acknowledgement: No outside funding
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| ===2019: [https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1808779 A Randomized Trial of E-Cigarettes versus Nicotine-Replacement Therapy]===
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| *A total of 886 participants underwent randomization. The 1-year abstinence rate was 18.0% in the e-cigarette group, as compared with 9.9% in the nicotine-replacement group (relative risk, 1.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30 to 2.58; P<0.001). Among participants with 1-year abstinence, those in the e-cigarette group were more likely than those in the nicotine-replacement group to use their assigned product at 52 weeks (80% [63 of 79 participants] vs. 9% [4 of 44 participants]). Overall, throat or mouth irritation was reported more frequently in the e-cigarette group (65.3%, vs. 51.2% in the nicotine-replacement group) and nausea more frequently in the nicotine-replacement group (37.9%, vs. 31.3% in the e-cigarette group). The e-cigarette group reported greater declines in the incidence of cough and phlegm production from baseline to 52 weeks than did the nicotine-replacement group (relative risk for cough, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9; relative risk for phlegm, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9). There were no significant between-group differences in the incidence of wheezing or shortness of breath.
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| *Conclusion: E-cigarettes were more effective for smoking cessation than nicotine-replacement therapy, when both products were accompanied by behavioral support.
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| *[https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1808779 PDF Version]
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| *Citation: Hajek P, Phillips-Walker A, Przulj D, et al. (2019). A randomized trial of e-cigarettes versus nicotine-replacement therapy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(7):629–37; doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1808779.
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| *Acknowledgement: Supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment Programme (project number, 12/167/135) and by a grant (A16893) from the Cancer Research UK Prevention Trials Unit.
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| ===2019: [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanres/article/PIIS2213-2600(19)30269-3/fulltext Nicotine patches used in combination with e-cigarettes (with and without nicotine) for smoking cessation: a pragmatic, randomised trial]===
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| *In summary, when looking at continuous abstinence from smoking, provision of patches plus a nicotine e-cigarette resulted in three to seven more smokers per 100 quitting long-term (depending on the analyses done) than with patches plus a nicotine-free e-cigarette. The smaller than anticipated sample size meant the study was not sensitive enough to pick up a definitive finding for the second comparison, although analyses suggest combination nicotine therapy—ie, use of a slow release nicotine patch, together with a faster-acting oral nicotine product (in this case a nicotine e-cigarette)—could result in five to ten more smokers per 100 quitting long-term than with monotherapy (ie, nicotine patches alone). Our findings are consistent with the current findings of the Cochrane review of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and contribute to the growing body of evidence from randomised trials on the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation.
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| *[https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1808779 PDF Version]
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| *Citation: Walker, N., Parag, V., Verbiest, M., Laking, G., Laugesen, M., & Bullen, C. (2019). Nicotine patches used in combination with e-cigarettes (with and without nicotine) for smoking cessation: a pragmatic, randomised trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30269-3
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| *Acknowledgement: Funded by Health Research Council of New Zealand.
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