Nicotine - Addiction/Dependence: Difference between revisions
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**Citation: Rhoades DA, Comiford AL, Dvorak JD, Ding K, Hopkins M, Spicer P, Wagener TL, Doescher MP. Vaping patterns, nicotine dependence and reasons for vaping among American Indian dual users of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes. BMC Public Health. 2019 Sep 2;19(1):1211. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7523-5. PMID: 31477072; PMCID: PMC6721166. | **Citation: Rhoades DA, Comiford AL, Dvorak JD, Ding K, Hopkins M, Spicer P, Wagener TL, Doescher MP. Vaping patterns, nicotine dependence and reasons for vaping among American Indian dual users of cigarettes and electronic cigarettes. BMC Public Health. 2019 Sep 2;19(1):1211. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-7523-5. PMID: 31477072; PMCID: PMC6721166. | ||
***Acknowledgment: Grants from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (P20CA202921 to University of Oklahoma, and 5P20CA202923 to Cherokee Nation) supported this study. The funding body had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, interpretation of data, or writing the manuscript. Content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or of Cherokee Nation. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | ***Acknowledgment: Grants from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (P20CA202921 to University of Oklahoma, and 5P20CA202923 to Cherokee Nation) supported this study. The funding body had no role in the design of the study and collection, analysis, interpretation of data, or writing the manuscript. Content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or of Cherokee Nation. The authors declare that they have no competing interests. | ||
===2019 [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6754311/ Abuse liability assessment of an electronic cigarette in combustible cigarette smokers]=== | |||
*"Collectively, the results of this study demonstrated that the ECIG device and liquids examined had moderate levels of abuse liability: on average lower than combustible cigarettes, but higher than an FDA-approved nicotine replacement therapy (i.e., nicotine inhaler)." | |||
**Citation: Maloney SF, Breland A, Soule EK, Hiler M, Ramôa C, Lipato T, Eissenberg T. Abuse liability assessment of an electronic cigarette in combustible cigarette smokers. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2019 Oct;27(5):443-454. doi: 10.1037/pha0000261. Epub 2019 Feb 18. PMID: 30777773; PMCID: PMC6754311. | |||
***Acknowledgment: Funding; This study was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number P50DA036105 and U54DA036105 and the Center for Tobacco Products of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health or the Food and Drug Administration. COI; Dr. Eissenberg is a paid consultant in litigation against the tobacco industry and is named on a patent for a device that measures the puffing behavior of ECIG users. | |||
===2019 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31375364/ Changes in E-Cigarette Use Behaviors and Dependence in Long-term E-Cigarette Users]=== | ===2019 [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31375364/ Changes in E-Cigarette Use Behaviors and Dependence in Long-term E-Cigarette Users]=== | ||